US3882298A - Method of and apparatus for the submerged arc surfacing of metallic work pieces - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for the submerged arc surfacing of metallic work pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3882298A
US3882298A US351122A US35112273A US3882298A US 3882298 A US3882298 A US 3882298A US 351122 A US351122 A US 351122A US 35112273 A US35112273 A US 35112273A US 3882298 A US3882298 A US 3882298A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strip
work piece
electrode
width
strip electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US351122A
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English (en)
Inventor
Franz Neff
Hermann Ornig
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Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
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Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N41/06—Sulfonic acid amides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/08—Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for submerged arc overlay welding of metallic work pieces with metal strips melting in an electric arc while forming welding beads of more than 75 mm, preferably more than 100 mm width, particularly with strips of alloyed or unalloyed steel.
  • Submerged-arc welding with strip electrodes is used primarily for the cladding of unalloyed or low-alloy steel with a corrosion-resistant or hard metallic layer.
  • strips of austenitic Cr-Ni steel, nickel alloys or bronze or medium to high alloyed wearresistant steel or cobalt alloys are used as the filler material. It was found that the most favorable thickness of the strip for the process is 0.5 mm and in some cases up to 1 mm. The strip width most frequently used in practice is 30 to 60 mm.
  • composition of the filler material and that of the base material differ greatly in most cases so that it is desirable that the penetration or the dilution of the electrode weld deposit with the base material is as low as possible.
  • Tests showed that the penetration increases greatly as the weld speedincreases. Therefore in submerged-arc welding with a strip electrode it is not possible substantially to increase the cladding efficiency by increasing the weld speed. For this reason the weld speed must be kept fairly low and normally it is only 9 to ll cm per minute.
  • a process with a stationary magnetic field transverse to the welding direction is also known.
  • a rotating cylindrical base is welded on with strip electrodes having a maximum width of mm.
  • the coils of the electromagnet are wound around the base material so that said material assumes the function of a magnet core.
  • This method is intended primarily for smoothing the surface of the weld beads.
  • a magnetic field be used which is produced by a magnet coil wound around the strip electrode.
  • strips of more than 75 mm width cannot be welded by means of this process.
  • this problem can be solved in that during the melting process the strip electrode, which is connected to the pole of a direct current source, is accompanied by a stationary magnetic field by means of which, in the region of the edge zones (each of which is approximately one-twentieth to one-fourth of the strip electrode width), the carriers of positive charges in the arc are deflected toward the direction of welding travel so as to slope outwards, so that the width of the surfacing layer is increased by 2 to 15 mm, preferably by 2 to 8 mm, as compared with the bead width obtained with no influence by the magnetic field.
  • the stationary magnetic field influencin the edge zones of the strip electrode has the function of so deflecting the carriers of positive charge toward the direction of welding travel that they slope outwards. Therefore, the direction ofdeflection and the direction of welding travel must make an angle with one another.
  • the charge carriers are deflected in a plane which is defined by two imaginary straight lines, one representing the path of the charge carrier with no influence exerted by the magnetic field and the other representing its path under the influence of the magnetic field.
  • These two imaginary straight lines form a plane which intersects the surface of the base material. This line of intersection directly indicates the direction of deflection, which forms an angle with the direction of weldin g travel.
  • the charge carriers do not move along a straight line. However, this can be disregarded for the definition of the direction of deflection.
  • this angle should be between approximately l5 and 75 since if the angle of deflection is too large, then the surfacing layer will have a saddleshaped cross section and if it is too small, then unsatisfactory and irregular edge zones are obtained which frequently are contaminated with slag inclusions and thus result in gusset flaws in overlapping welding beads.
  • the increase in the bead width which is between 2 and 15 mm, preferably between 2 and 8 mm for the corresponding angle of deflection, was chosen as the criterion of influencing the magnetic field in accordance with the invention. It must be emphasized that the increase in the bead width to the extent defined is not the prime feature, but the process according to the invention per se is important, since it permits the use of extremely wide strip electrodes preferably of far more than I mm width while forming weld beads of possibly up to 200 mm width for cladding by weld deposition.
  • the direction of deflection of the charge carriers in the arc depends substantially on the-path of the lines of force of the magnetic field influencing the edges zones of the strip electrode.
  • Said magnetic field can be produced by two magnet poles accompanying the strip edges, the magnet poles being arranged corresponding to the strip electrodes.
  • the Economics of the magnet poles from the edgesof the strip electrode, the height of the polar surfaces above the surface of the working piece, and the shape of the polar surfaces are important in this connection.
  • the intensity of the deflection i.e. the length of the path which the charge carriers travel owing to the magnetic field, depends on the magnetic field intensity under otherwise identical conditions with respect to particle size, particle velocity and intensity of the electriccharge of said particles.
  • the width of the surfacing layer suitably is 82 to I 84 mm if the bead width withno influence exerted by the magnetic field also is 80 mm because of the welding conditions chosen. For greater strip widths it may be necessary to operate with increases in width of 10 to 15 mm'.”Since the requirements of cladding depend pri- -marily on its purpose, according to a further feature of the invention the influence of the magnetic field is so determined that level differences between the bead edges (as measured from their highest point) and the bead center do not'exceed a maximum of 1 mm for austenitic overlay welding, and a maximum of 2 mm for hard surfacing.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the process according to theinvention is characterized in that a magnetic field is provided which is formed by an electromagnet system and the intensity of which is adjustable.
  • the end faces of the magnet cores which form opposite poles are arranged in the edge zone of the melt-off dege of the strip electrode at equal distances from the center axis of the stripon the one hand and from the surface of the work piece orl the other.
  • At least the magnet core ends facing the surface of the workpiece are in alignment with the strip electrode and that their axes are substantially perpendicular with'respect to the surface of the workpiece.
  • the ends of the magnet cores facing the workpiece surface can be hemispherical or preferably substantially V- shaped and the included angle thus formed is 20 to preferably 20 to 50, the sloping surfaces of the two core ends being substantially in alignment.
  • the apparatus it is preferred to construct the apparatus according to the inventionin such a manner that the magnet core ends facing the surface of the workpiece are arranged adjustable 'with respect to their distances from the workpiece surface and from the center axis of the strip electrode.
  • the magnet core ends are connected to one another by a part which encompasses the strip electrode like a clamp.
  • the formation of the opposite magnet poles can be brought about by a single magnet coil provided in the connecting part.
  • the connecting part is constructed as being multipart and adjustable.
  • FIGS. 1-3, incl are views in plan of weld beads for cladding purposes, and respective beads having been formed under different conditions;
  • FIG. 4 is a somewhat simplified fragmentary view in perspective of a first illustrative embodiment of welding apparatus in accordance with the invention, some of the appurtenant devices employed therewith being shown schematically;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a second illustrative embodiment of welding apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. l3 The weld beads shown in FIGS. l3 were obtained with an austenitic strip electrode of mm width with weld crater formation which is characteristic of the influence of the magnetic field under various angles of deflection.
  • FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a weld bead for cladding which has an end crater l shaped like a circular archand has an analogous featherlike surface 2, the edges of which are steep and irregular. Said end crater 1 was caused by too low a magnetic field effect, thus causing an angle of deflection which was too small.
  • the welding direction is indicated by an arrow 5. a FIG.
  • the weld bead in this case is characterized by a flat and uniform formation of the weld crater l, by a feathered surface 2' extending to the edges almost like a straight line and by flat and almost completely straight-lined bead edges 4.
  • the welding direction is indicated by an arrow 5.
  • FIG. 3 A further example of a weld bead is shown in FIG. 3. Because of too large an angle of deflection and a corresponding overestimating of the magnetic field effect, a weld crater 1" of humplike shape is formed which is caused by the saddle formation at the bead edges. This hump-like shape is also evident from the feathered surface 2". In this case the edges 4 actually are very flat and straight-lined. However, because of the marked saddle formation at the bead edges and the resulting too great level difference between bead center and bead edges, the welding result actually is not suitabl for cladding purposes.
  • FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment of the welding apparatus according to the invention.
  • the magnetizing current which is supplied by a directcurrent source and is adjustable by the resistor 11, can be read on the measuring instrument 12, flows through the magnet coil 25 so that a north pole is strip electrode 6 is moved in the welding direction 5 5 formed on the polar surface 13' and a south pole on the over the surface of the workpiece to be clad.
  • polar surface 14' shows a first embodiment of the welding apparatus according to the invention.
  • the magnet core ends 27 and 28 are the Weld Siii'taeihg operation
  • Said Strip eieetl'ode 6 is so arranged that the faces 13' and 14' are in alignment moved in unison with two eieetromaghets 7 and 9 with one another in avertical plane parallel to the elec- Whieh are arranged heat the Strip edges in alignment trode 6. They are V-shaped with a flat point, each face with the strip electrode.
  • the magnetizing current, 10 formi g an i l d d angle on the order of 35 relative which origniates from a direct-current source 10 and is to h ti l xis of the corresponding core ends 27, adjustable by a resistor 11 can be read on the measur- 23 g instrument 'i 12, flows in the pp It should be noted that in the device according to Teetioh through the magnetizing eoiis and Oh the FIG. 5 the.
  • magnetizing current source 10 may be dismagnet cores 7 and 8, so that a north p is formed on admittedd with if desired, since the self-induced field of the hemispherical Polar Surface 13 of Core 7 and a the welding current acts upon the portion 26 of the South P is termed the analogous 190iar Surface 14 core and thus permits the formation of a field by inducof core 8.
  • the strip electrode 6 is connected to the postion, h ff t of hi h can b dj d b h i itive p of a Welding rectifier 15 Whiie t negative the distances between the legs 27, 28 of the core.
  • the melted-off metal forms a cladterial, as is usual particularly in the lining of tanks, reding layer 19 on the workpiece Said cladding layer is actors or the like.
  • a slag layer 20 which is covered in turn by i a layer of unmelted welding powder 21
  • the strip i i h 6 is cohhhuousiy
  • a number of feddowhwardly the dlrehhoh 9 the arrow 23 by feed weld' tests were carried out with the apparatus shown mhs The ad-ihstabie distahce between magnet in FIG. 5.
  • a magnetizing coil having 9000 windings and cores 7 and 8 (as hieashred h h cehter h magnet core ends of 18 mm diameter were used.
  • a 70 from the center axis 24 of the strip electrode 6 1S deslgmm Sheet of unalloyed steel (018% of C, 0.27% of Si hated a and that of the ioweiehds 13 and 14 of the 0.49% of Mn and the rest primarily Fe) served as the Cotes 7 f 8 h the.
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the apparatus of the'inven- 5 tion is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the strip electrode 6 is moved in the welding direction 5 in unison with an electromagnet system formed by I i the parts 25 to 28, over the workpiece 9 to be clad.
  • the ihgmdlems welding powder A welding powder B magnet core ends or legs 27 and 28- are connected to siO 28.5 42.2 one another by a U-shaped part 26, which encompasses @28 Z; :3 Z: and is spaced from the strip electrode 6 and which'is; Mgo multi-part and adjustable in "length in the horizontal z .3
  • the oppo- FeO 12 Z site magnet poles on the chisel-shaped faces 13' and 213 333g; 14' of the lower ends of legs 27 and 28, respectively, Mn. 2.5 are energized by a single transverse magnet coil 25, g-3Z2 which is wound around the part 26 of the core.
  • Apparatus for the submerged are surfacing of metallic work pieces with metal electrode strips melting in an electric arc while forming welding beads of more tha 75 mm width, comprising a work piece, an electrode strip, means operative to move said electrode strip and work piece relative to each other, a direct current source, means for connecting to opposite poles of said source the electrode strip and the work piece, respectively, electromagnetic means producing a stationary faces of said electromagnetic means facing the surface of the workpiece are in alignment with the strip electrode and wherein their axes substantially perpendicular to the work piece'surface being clad.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said electromagnetic means are formed as a pair of magnetic cores and the end faces of the magnetic cores which face the work piece surface to be clad are hemispherical.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 comprising means for adjusting the magnetic core ends facing the work piece surface to be clad with respect to their distances from the said work piece surface and from the center axis of the strip electrode.
  • U- shaped connecting part is constructed as being multipart and adjustable, whereby to permit the adjustment of the distance of the magnetic cores from the surface of the work piece to be clad and from the center axis of the strip electrode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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US351122A 1972-04-14 1973-04-13 Method of and apparatus for the submerged arc surfacing of metallic work pieces Expired - Lifetime US3882298A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT330872A AT315147B (de) 1972-04-14 1972-04-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung von neuen N<1>-Alkoxyalkyliden-3,5-dinitro-sulfanilamiden

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2626825A1 (de) * 1975-07-17 1977-01-20 Combustion Eng Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schweissplattieren
DE2626824A1 (de) * 1975-07-17 1977-01-20 Combustion Eng Verfahren zum schweissplattieren
US4149060A (en) * 1977-07-25 1979-04-10 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Angled strip cladding system
US4309587A (en) * 1979-04-13 1982-01-05 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Horizontal electro-slag welding process for surfacing
US20110168676A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2011-07-14 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and apparatus for welding with curtain electrodes and strip electrodes

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2960664D1 (en) * 1978-01-19 1981-11-19 Ici Plc Diphenyl ether compounds useful as herbicides; methods of using them, processes for preparing them, and herbicidal compositions containing them
GR65995B (de) 1978-01-19 1981-01-13 Ici Ltd

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130294A (en) * 1959-11-30 1964-04-21 Air Liquide Method for pre-heating a joint to be arc-welded
US3584181A (en) * 1968-05-31 1971-06-08 Hitachi Ltd Method of arc welding for hard facing

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130294A (en) * 1959-11-30 1964-04-21 Air Liquide Method for pre-heating a joint to be arc-welded
US3584181A (en) * 1968-05-31 1971-06-08 Hitachi Ltd Method of arc welding for hard facing

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2626825A1 (de) * 1975-07-17 1977-01-20 Combustion Eng Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schweissplattieren
DE2626824A1 (de) * 1975-07-17 1977-01-20 Combustion Eng Verfahren zum schweissplattieren
US4027135A (en) * 1975-07-17 1977-05-31 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Apparatus and method for submerged arc strip cladding of metallic work pieces
US4149060A (en) * 1977-07-25 1979-04-10 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Angled strip cladding system
US4309587A (en) * 1979-04-13 1982-01-05 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Horizontal electro-slag welding process for surfacing
US20110168676A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2011-07-14 Lincoln Global, Inc. Method and apparatus for welding with curtain electrodes and strip electrodes
US9555493B2 (en) * 2008-07-09 2017-01-31 Lincoln Global, Inc. Apparatus for welding with curtain electrodes and strip electrodes

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