US3878817A - Apparatus for processing electrostatic images - Google Patents

Apparatus for processing electrostatic images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878817A
US3878817A US323108A US32310873A US3878817A US 3878817 A US3878817 A US 3878817A US 323108 A US323108 A US 323108A US 32310873 A US32310873 A US 32310873A US 3878817 A US3878817 A US 3878817A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
toner
container
suspension
capsule
photoconductive surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US323108A
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English (en)
Inventor
Manfred R Kuehnle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coulter Information Systems Inc
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Coulter Information Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US323108A priority Critical patent/US3878817A/en
Application filed by Coulter Information Systems Inc filed Critical Coulter Information Systems Inc
Priority to GB3067676A priority patent/GB1459132A/en
Priority to GB64274A priority patent/GB1459131A/en
Priority to BE139581A priority patent/BE809465A/xx
Priority to DE2400521A priority patent/DE2400521A1/de
Priority to FR7400467A priority patent/FR2325087A1/fr
Priority to IT47553/74A priority patent/IT1008659B/it
Priority to CH22374A priority patent/CH585922A5/xx
Priority to JP49005002A priority patent/JPS49104635A/ja
Priority to NL7400144A priority patent/NL7400144A/xx
Priority to CA189,573A priority patent/CA1042729A/en
Priority to US05/544,322 priority patent/US3985437A/en
Priority to US05/544,321 priority patent/US4133906A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3878817A publication Critical patent/US3878817A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A capsule having toner particles suspended in a toner liquid is provided. having a spongelike member on its interior to retain the suspension, a relatively rigid foraminous wall and other walls which are flexible.
  • the foraminous wall is brought into juxtaposition to the photoconductive surface of the electrophotographic film. one or more flexible walls are pressed to collapse the capsule and the toner suspension is squeezed out of the perforations in the foraminous wall so that the entire photoconductive surface is subjected to the toner simultaneously.
  • the said surface is flooded and the suspension confined thereon by suitable blocking means.
  • the interior spongelike member will suck the remaining suspension back into the interior of the capsule when the flexible walls are released.
  • the construction being such as to provide for such resilience, leaving only the toner which has adhered to and rendered visible the latent image.
  • the capsule may be discarded to be replaced by a fresh one for the next processing but may be left in place if there is sufficient toner to process other films.
  • the film may thereafter be subjected to toner fusing radiation to cause the adhering toner to fuse to the surface of the film.
  • the foraminous wall is spaced from and parallel with the surface of the film during the collapse of the flexible walls of the capsule so that the streams of suspension emerging from the perforations are directed normal to the said photoconductive surface.
  • the exterior surface of the wall is coated with a conductive layer and biased to a d.c. potential of polarity the same as the surface charge of the toner particles electrostatically to drive the particles out of the perforations and directly to the photoconductive surface, eliminating uneven toner deposit.
  • a latent image is formed on a plate or other member.
  • This latent image is the pattern which is projected onto the member by a lens system or the like.
  • the member Prior to the projection, the member is charged by corona thereby providing a large number of electrons at or near the photoconductive surface which are capable of migrating when struck by photons.
  • the projection or exposure as it may be termed causes electrons to leave the surface, in proportion to the amount of impinging light at any increment of the surface.
  • the latent image is thus formed of electrons and the absence of electrons.
  • Toner particles are minute particles of carbon, resins and the like.
  • the member to which the particles adhere comprises a selenium drum and the drum is pressed against a sheet of paper to transfer the image to the paper. Then the paper surface carrying the toner particles is rapdidly heated causing the particels to fuse permanently to the paper.
  • the latent image is formed directly on the sheet of paper which has been coated wtih a zinc oxideresin mixture that is photoconductive. This process is known as electrofax, and the toner is applied in liquid form, the liquid normally being a hydrocarbon within which the toner particles will acheive surface charge.
  • the xerographic process using a drum utlilizes a type of toning known as cascade toning in which the toner particles are mixed with plastic beads and applied in this dry mixture form. Only the toner particles adhere to the selenium surface of the drum, this being the photoconductive surface.
  • the invention was developed for use with electrostatic image apparatus of a nature that differs from those mentioned above, primarily in that the construction of the member carrying the latent image is different, giving rise to many advantages. Principally, the speed of the photoconductive surface is so great and its sensitivity so high that the member can be used much in the same manner as the ordinary photographic cameras, but without many of the disadvantages thereof.
  • the member itself comprisies a structure that can be called an electrophotographic film, comprising a substrate of polyester or the like carrying an ohmic layer bonded thereto and an inorganic photoconductive coating bonded to the surface of the ohmic layer. Reference may be made to the copending patent applications for detailed descriptions of said electrophotographic film.
  • This electrophotographic film has a very high dark decay characteristic and a large differential between dark and light decay characteristics. Its photoconductive surface can be charged very quickly in a matter of a fraction of a second and exposed at rates comparable with those used to expose high speed silver halide emulsion photographic films.
  • the primary manner of use of the electrophotographic film of said copending applications is to produce transparencies, since the combination of the ohmic layer and the photoconductive coating on the clear plastic substrate will provide an extremely thin lamination which is transparent to a substantial degree between about percent and percent. Accordingly, in forming the visible image, it is desired to apply toner to the photoconductive surface and thereafter to fuse the toner particles directly to the lamination itself.
  • the images which are produced are inherently nonuniform because the sheet of paper carrying the photoconductive surface is immersed into the bath from one edge and passes progressively through to the other. The decay of the image and surface charge is still going on while this occurs so that there is bound to be fading from the leading to the trailing edge. In the case of the high speed electrophotographic film of the copending applications the fading would be aggravated in a bath-type of toning process.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention provide for application of the toner suspension simultaneously over the entire photoconductive surface of the elcctrophotographic film.
  • the method and apparatus call for the toner suspension to be accurately and precisely prepared in advance, encapsulated in a suitable enclosure, used in one instance and the remainder discarded. In this way, total uniformity is achieved every time. Exposure can always be precisely related to the toner concentration by the manufacture and can be relied upon to obtain optimum results for each use. If desired, without any changes whatsoever, the enclosure may be used several times prior to discarding.
  • Electrostatic image producing apparatus which utilize dry toner applicaiton in the process of the photoconductive surfaces of the members used have prob lems of uniformity, waste, and difficulties in handling. There are mixtures of plastic beads and iron filings which have to be handled, separated, and the foregoing particles and surplussage discarded. Often, where dry foreign particles are included in the mixtures, the application of toner is inefficient because of adherence to the foreign particles. Other structures use magnetic brushes to provide the necessary surface chage to the toner particles, this being more apparatus to handle the keep clean.
  • the fields represented by the latent images on the photoconductive surfaces are relatively weak. Furthermore, their strength decreases with distance from the surface by exponential factors so that the attraction for toner particles is not very great. Accordingly, such apparatus depends in some instances importantly on gravity to bring the particles within the stronger portions of teh fields close to the surfaces comprising the photoresponsive layers, and in other instances the toner is mechnically agitated too throw the particles into such fields. Two adverse results are nonuniformity and time loss. Surfaces which are not horizontally disposed with the toner applied on the upper side suffer to some greater extent from these two problems.
  • the bias used in accordance with the invention drives the particles directly at the photoconductive surface an thus obviates the above-described disadvantages. Specifically, besides uniformity, the processing or timing is accomplished substantially instantaneously and irre spective of the disposition of the photoconductive surface.
  • the invention herein is characterized by the provi sion of a capsule having a relatively rigid foraminous wall and other flexible walls, and interior spongelike member and the interior being filled with toner suspended in a toner liquid.
  • the combination of walls and spongelike member are constructed so that the capsule is capable of being compressed or squeezed or collapsed and thereafter will recover.
  • the foraminous wall has an exterior conductive coating adapted to be connected to a dc. potential source of polarity the same the surface charge of the toner particles.
  • the capsule is used by bringing the exterior of the foraminous wall into parallel and spaced juxtaposition to the photoconductive surface of an electrophotographic film, the capsule and film framing member being engaged to provide a confining chamber.
  • the capsule is then squeezed so that the toner suspension is pressed out of the perforations of the foraminous wall simulta neously over the entire photoconductive surface and confined within said chamber.
  • the capsule is released, it returns to its original configuration and sucks the remaining liquid and toner back into the capsule which may then be discarded.
  • the latent image has toner particles now adhered thereto and these may be fused to the film when desired.
  • the bias serves to drive the toner particles in suspension directly from the perforations and against the photoconductive surface normal thereto thereby eliminating edge effect.
  • Apparatus for using the capsule includes means for squeezing the same and releasing the same while it is in engagement with the film.
  • the images resulting from the use of the capsule are clean, uniform, with excellent grey scales and with large dark areas havng continuous tonal range.
  • FIG. I is a fragmentary sectional view taken through the processing apparatus of the invention showing the manner in which toner suspension is applied to the pho toconductive surface of an electrophotographic film:
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the manner in which the apparatus is associated with an electrostatic image producing device, showing additional details of the apparatus and related components:
  • Flg. 3 is a perspective view of a capsule of toner constructed in accordance with the invention, showing the manner in which a pressure sensitive storage member is removed from the capsule to enable the capsule to be used immediately;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken through the capsule of FIG. 3, here shown in position for use but before use;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 4 but showing the manner in which the capsule is used by expressing suspension from the same;
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIGS. 4 and 5 but showing the manner in which the suspension has been sucked back into the capsule leaving toner particles adhered to the electrophotographic film.
  • the toner particles in a liquid susupension are carried in a capsule which may be sealed by a suitable removable member for storage purposes.
  • a suitable removable member for storage purposes.
  • the removable member is peeled from a foraminous surface and the capsule positioned adjacent the exposed photoconductive surface of the electrophotographic film, The juxtaposed articles having engaging surfaces forming an enclosed chamber.
  • the capsule is squeezed, driving the toner directly to the photoconductive surface over its entire area simultaneously.
  • An electric bias enhances the movement of toner particles to all areas simultaneously.
  • the capsule After the toner has adhered to the latent image the capsule is released and the remaining suspension is sucked back into the capsule which may be re-used several more times or discarded.
  • the moist image quickly dries, and if satisfactory, may be fused to the film by the operator.
  • FIG. I illustrates a fragmentary section through a capsule shown in J uxtaposition to an electrophotographic film in an exaggerated dimensional form.
  • the capsule itself is shown completely in FIGS. 2 and 3. Reference may first be had to these three figures for the initial explanation.
  • the capsule 10 of the invention of the invention comprises a planar rectangular wall 12 which is described herein as foraminous. It is provided with a large number of tiny perforations or passageways 14 which pass thorugh the wall 12 transversely thereof, from the inner surface 16 to the outer surface of the wall which is designated 18.
  • the said outer surface 18 is coated with a thin coating or layer 20 of conductive materials such as aluminum.
  • the wall 12 may be formed of rigid polyvinyl chloride or other relatively rigid insulating material that has the necessary characteristics. A thickness of about one milimeter will be sufficient.
  • the wall 12 is required to be of insulating material, capable of being perforated to produce very fine pores say of the order of 50 microns in diameter. It should be impervious to the chemicals which are used.
  • the toner suspension which is used is a liquid hydrocarbon comprising a turnpentinelike substance known as isopar. Due to the nature of the invention, since, as will be seen, the suspension is always encapsulated until it is used, the liquid used to suspend the toner particles can be freon or other much more volatile fluids.
  • the perforations 14 continue through the metallic coating 20.
  • This coating is quite thin compared with the wall 12 and in use is connected to a potential source by a suitable conductor 22. As shown in FIG. 1, the potential is positive 50 volts do it being assumed that the surface charge on the toner particles in the capsule will also be positive. This will be explained below.
  • a rectangular mass of some resilient absorbent material such as for example any of the man made commonly available sponges on the market today.
  • This mass is shown at 26 and may be in the form of an integral member or a granular mass.
  • the only requirements of the mass 26 are that it be resilient to enable its recovery when squeezed and released; that it have good capillary qualities to hold and release the toner suspension; and that it be chemically impervious to the toner liquid.
  • the remaining walls 28 of the capsule 10 are formed of a thin flexible skin, for example molded or vacuumformed polyvinyl chloride, impervious to the liquid used to suspend the toner particles.
  • the walls will have an outwardly extending border 30 which is heat-sealed or otherwise welded to the surface 16 around its periphery.
  • the wall 12 conveniently can be perforated all over so that the sealing of the enclosing walls 28 thereto will block off a framing portion 32 surrounding the central perforated portion 34.
  • the member forming the wall 12 could be stamped out of a larger perforated sheet or could be formed from a sheet member that has only the center section 34 perforated.
  • the capsule 10 has the framing border 32 surrounding the central perforated area 34 and extending laterally outward of the rectangular body enclosed by the walls 28.
  • the sponge member or mass 26 has toner particles in a liquid suspension saturating the same.
  • the perforated area 34 is preferably closed off against entry of air or loss of suspension by means of a removable member 36 of paper or the like having a tab 388 for grasping the member 36.
  • This member may be of paper adhered with pressure sensitive adhesive that is not soluble in the liquid used to make the suspension of toner.
  • the perforations 14 are so small that it is not likely that much liquid will come through the same and contact the adhesive which is shown at 40. This arrangement enables the capsule to be stored and handled without loss of toner suspensions and provides a surface for carrying printed instructions, expiration time, etc.
  • the outer surface of the wall 12 is coated with a very thin layer 20 of aluminum or the like metal to enable a bias to be-applied to this layer.
  • the capsule 10 may have a contact tab or extension 41 connected to the metal layer 20 to enable the bias to be applied when the capsule is in position for use. This will be explained in connection with FIG. 2. Instead of this arrangement, contact means may be provided for contacting any other part of the surface 20 when the capsule is in position.
  • FIG. 2 shows one such arrangement and also illustrates some of the other components of a device for recording images. This could be stationary apparatus, a hand-held cameralike device, etc.
  • a recording member 42 which comprises a central rectangular transparent portion 44 and a framing border 46.
  • the border 46 may be made of any suitable material such as for example molded plastic and the transparent portion comprises the electrophotographic film such as for example, the type of article which is disclosed in the copending applications.
  • the total thickness of the two inorganic layers 48 and 50 is less than 5,000 Angstroms and the substrate member is of the order of fraction of a millimeter in thickness.
  • the framing border 46 is preferably slightly thicker than the entire film 44 so that said film is slightly spaced inwardly of the framing border front and back.
  • the framing border 32 will be pressed against and congruent with the framing border 46 and the photoconductive coating 48 will have its surface spaced from the surface 34 by about 0.5 millimeter, depending upon the thickness of the framing border 46.
  • the electrophotographic film 44 is molded into the framing border 46 of the member 42 so that the thickness is accurately controlled.
  • the ohmic layer 50 is required to be grounded when the surface is charged and exposed.
  • the space between the surface 34 and the surface of the photoconductive coating 48 forms a closed rectangular chamber 54 which is dammed or closed off, at least insofar as liquid flow is concerned, by the inner edges 56 of the framing border 46.
  • This chamber 54 is filled with toner suspension during the processing of the film 44.
  • the member 42 is shown mounted in a vertically movable carrier 60 which is grounded in the electrostatic recording apparatus designated generally 62.
  • the frames and housings and considerable auxiliary apparatus and components are not shown here since they are not essential to the explanation.
  • the contact 52 of the member 42 engages the carrier to ground the ohmic layer 50 of the film 44.
  • An optical system including lenses and the like is symbolically indicated at 64 for focussing an image on the photoconductive surface of the film 44.
  • a corona wire 66 is disposed quite close to the surface of the coating 48 but out of focus with respect to the optical system 64, said wire 66 being connected to a source of high voltage shown at 68.
  • Spaced above the position of the member 42 during exposure is the mounting (not shown) for the removable capsule 10.
  • the pressure pad 70 could be just touching the rear wall 28 if desired.
  • An eccentric cam 72 engages the rear surface of the pressure pad and is mounted for rotation with a shaft 74 that is driven by a motor '76.
  • the motor '76 is adapted to be energized from an electric power source 78 which could be used for other functions in the apparatus 62.
  • the motor rotation is controlled by a timer 80 and started by a switch 82 whose operating lever 84 is in the path of movement of the carrier 60 as it rises.
  • the contact extension 4ll is in engagment with a wiper 86 connected by the lead 22 to the dc voltage source 78.
  • the operation of the apparatus 62 is as follows: The image from the optical system 64 is focussed on the sur face 48 either during charging by the wire 66 or directly thereafter. When a potential of charge which is measured by a suitable instrument has been reached, the light image is cut off by means of a blinder member 88 which blocks off the optical system 64 and leaves the film 44 in darkness. Immediatley thereafter the carrier 60 rises the brings the member 42 into engagment with the front surface of the capsule 10. When perfect alignment of the perforated area 34 and the film 44 has been achieved, the right-hand side of the carrier 60 moves the lever 84 to close the switch 82. The motor 76 rotates one revolution very quickly, say in one second or less.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show the sequence of events which occur for each revolution of the cam 72.
  • the capsule It and the member 42 are in place, but nothing has happened.
  • the chamber 54 is empty, the sponelike mass 36 is saturated with the suspension of toner particles in toner liquid, the latent image has been produced on or in the surface of the layer 48, the extension 4ll is connected to a source of bias voltagev
  • the cam 72 has rotated half way and squeezed the pressure pad 70 against the rear skin or wall 28 of the capsule It). Now the side walls have collapsed as shown at 28 in FIG. 5 and the toner suspension has been expelled into the chamber 54 substantially filling the same.
  • the suspension is shown at 90 in FIG. 5.
  • the action in the chamber 54 will be explained in detail in connection with FIG. 1 below.
  • the cam "72 continues to rotate and the resilience of the spongelike mass 26 causes the walls 28 to recover to the condition shown in FIG. 6.
  • the liquid in the chamber 54 is sucked back into the interior of the capsule 10 through the perforations 14, leaving very little of the suspension in the chamber 54.
  • the spacing between surface 34 and the photoconductive surface 48 is practically capillary in nature and hence the chamber 54 will be quite dry. Additionally the orientation of the chamber 54 has no adverse effect on the operation. The moisture that does remain will evaporate quickly when the film 44 is exposed to air.
  • the toner particles which adhere are shown at 92 clumped on the surface of the photoconductive coating 48 in accordance with the latent image charge formed thereon.
  • the film member 42 may be removed and examined and the capsule 10 removed and discarded.
  • Apparatus for fusing the toner will conveniently be provided in the apparatus 62.
  • the carrier 60 is lowered to its original position.
  • the capsule 10 may be replaced by a fresh one or reused another time or two if toner remains.
  • the apparatus 62 may be varied by having the capsule 10 move to a position in juxtaposition to the film 44 wihtout moving the film, in which case the blinder member 88 may be eliminated and means must be provided to prevent the corona wire 66 from interfering with movement of the capsule 10.
  • the toner suspension absorbed in the capillaries of the mass 26 comprises minute particles of carbon, resin and the like, either black or colored, in a liquid which has an electrophoretic relationship with the particles. This means that in the suspension, the movement of the particles has caused them to assume a surface charge which they retain when they are expressed from the spongelike mass. In most cases these charges are posi tive charges, and in order to indicate this, stream of liquid suspension 90 are shown emerging from the perforations 14 carrying irregular shaped particles 92 with positive charges.
  • the surface 18 of the foraminous member 12 is coated with a very thin layer of metal such as aluminum.
  • This layter is very thin, as would be concluded from an understanding that hte thickness of the wall 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 itself is only on millimeter or so.
  • the deposit can be made by vacuum depositing techniques, and is made prior to perforating the wall so that the perforations 14 pass fully and cleanly through the layer 20.
  • the particles 92 are forced through the passageways represented by the perforations 14 at great speed and directed normal to the surface of'te photoconductive layer 48. Since these particles are already charged positively, they will seek out and be attracted to the negatively charged electrons constituting the latent image in the surface of the coating 48. As mentioned, the field represented by these electrons which of course are negatively charged, is weak away from the surface of the coating 48. This causes the edge effect in prior systems of electrostatic processing.
  • the high pressure nozzle effect of the perforations which is illustrated in the chamber 54in FIG. 1 obviates some of this but in addition, the praticles are electrostatically driven directly to the phtoconducitve surface.
  • the layer 20 is kept at a positive potential of about 50 volts dc.
  • the photoconductive layer 48 might be a p-type layer, with holes produced on its surface by the corona wire instead of electrons. Then the negatively charged particles would adhere to the holes. The image would be reverse. The bias of layer 20 would then be connected to a negative source of do potential.
  • Apparatus for applying toner particles to an electrophotographic member whose photoconductive surface has a latent image thereon which comprises:
  • a source comprising a container of toner particles suspended in a liquid which has an electrophoretic relationship with said particles, said container comprising collapsible but recoverable side walls and a foraminous rigid insulative top wall having a conductive coating on the exterior surface thereof, said exterior surface and conductive coating being of a configuration which is similar to the configuration of said photoconductive surface and being arranged parallel to and spaced from said phtoconductive surface, the foramina of said insulative top wall extending through said coating,
  • D. means on the exterior of the container capable of exerting force on the container to drive the toner suspension from the interior of said container through said foraminous top wall and conductive coating and against said photoconductive surface substantially simultaneously over the entire area of said surface to apply toner thereto by at least temporarily collapsing said side walls to reduce the interior volume of the container while a bias voltage is being applied to said conductive coating from said source of electric.
  • F. means on one of the electrophotographic member support and said top wall for confining the spread of suspension to the photoconductive surface of said electrophotographic member during application of said toner thereto and until withdrawal of any excess toner has been completed.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and resilient means inside the container capable of being compressed during collapse of said side walls and recoverable with recovery of said side walls thereby functioning as said means for withdrawing excess suspension.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 in which said means exerting force on the container comprises an external pressure member operable in a cycle during which said pressure member moves against at least one ofthe walls of the container and then moves oppositely.
  • a capsule for use in applying toner to the latent image formed on the photoconductive surface of an electrophotographic film in electrostatic image recording apparatus which comprises:
  • A. enclosure means having a supply of toner therein suspended in a liquid havng an eletrophoretic relationship with the toner particles
  • said enclosure means comprising a container having a floor, flexible collapsible yet recoverable side walls and an insulative, substantially rigid top wall member, said top wall member having a framinous area spaced inwardly of the periphery thereof to define a border, said foraminous area adapted to be arranged parallel with and spaced from the said photoconductive surface when dispensing is effected,
  • said side walls capable of being temporarily collapsed by external pressing to decrease the interior volume of said enclosure means and thereby to expel toner suspension from the foramina of said rigid top wall member simultaneously over said foraminous area while spaced from said photoconductive surface.
  • the removable cover sheet is a sticker having a pressuresensitive adhesive carrying surface, and said surface is engaged with said top wall member.
  • the capsule as claimed in claim 12 in which the container is formed of insulating material and said top wall member has an outer coating of conductive material for connection to an external electric potential source.
  • top wall member has an outer coating of conductive material adapted to be connected to an electric poten- UNITED STATES PATENT semen @ERNMCATE F QQRREQTEQN PATENT NO. 3,878,817

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
US323108A 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Apparatus for processing electrostatic images Expired - Lifetime US3878817A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US323108A US3878817A (en) 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Apparatus for processing electrostatic images
JP49005002A JPS49104635A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07
BE139581A BE809465A (fr) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verwerken van elektrostatischebeelden
DE2400521A DE2400521A1 (de) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Verfahren zum aufbringen von toner auf einen elektrophotographischen aufzeichnungstraeger bzw. toneraufbringvorrichtung bzw. elektrophotographische bilderzeugungseinrichtung
FR7400467A FR2325087A1 (fr) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Procede et appareil pour le traitement d'images electrostatiques
IT47553/74A IT1008659B (it) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Metodo ed apparato per trattare im magini elettrostatiche
GB3067676A GB1459132A (en) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Electrophotographic apparatus
GB64274A GB1459131A (en) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Method and apparatus for processing electrostatic images
NL7400144A NL7400144A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07
CA189,573A CA1042729A (en) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07 Method and apparatus for processing electrostatic images
CH22374A CH585922A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-12 1974-01-07
US05/544,322 US3985437A (en) 1973-01-12 1975-01-27 Electrostatic image recording device having partially collapsible toner applicator
US05/544,321 US4133906A (en) 1973-01-12 1975-01-27 Method of toning an electrophotographic film

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US323108A US3878817A (en) 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Apparatus for processing electrostatic images

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/544,321 Division US4133906A (en) 1973-01-12 1975-01-27 Method of toning an electrophotographic film
US05/544,322 Division US3985437A (en) 1973-01-12 1975-01-27 Electrostatic image recording device having partially collapsible toner applicator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3878817A true US3878817A (en) 1975-04-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US323108A Expired - Lifetime US3878817A (en) 1973-01-12 1973-01-12 Apparatus for processing electrostatic images
US05/544,321 Expired - Lifetime US4133906A (en) 1973-01-12 1975-01-27 Method of toning an electrophotographic film

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/544,321 Expired - Lifetime US4133906A (en) 1973-01-12 1975-01-27 Method of toning an electrophotographic film

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US (2) US3878817A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS49104635A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE809465A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1042729A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH585922A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2400521A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2325087A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB1459131A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1008659B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7400144A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4144061A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-03-13 Xerox Corporation Transfer development using a fluid spaced donor member
US4179210A (en) * 1976-09-30 1979-12-18 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images
US4342823A (en) * 1973-03-07 1982-08-03 Scott Paper Company Perforate development electrode
US4384035A (en) * 1973-03-07 1983-05-17 Scott Paper Company Perforate development electrode
US4623241A (en) * 1981-11-18 1986-11-18 Nashua Corporation Developing apparatus and method for a photocopier employing liquid development
WO1987002482A1 (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-23 Eastman Kodak Company Electrographic liquid applicator head and fabrication method therefor

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JPS5251944A (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-04-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Developing method for light sensitive body with slide frame
JPS5251946A (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-04-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Developing method for light sensitive body with slide frame
JPS5251945A (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-04-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Developing method for light sensitive body with slide frame
US4563080A (en) * 1982-05-19 1986-01-07 P.A. Management Consultants Limited Electrophotographic liquid developing apparatus and method
US4984004A (en) * 1988-09-28 1991-01-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus
CN1262634C (zh) 1996-12-09 2006-07-05 花王株式会社 洗涤剂浸渍的物品

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US3096198A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-07-02 Ibm Method for developing latent field images with liquid inks
US3133484A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-05-19 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing apparatus
US3343956A (en) * 1961-09-29 1967-09-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing process wherein development is achieved by sequenctial application of carrier liquid and developer particles
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US2987955A (en) * 1956-05-31 1961-06-13 Sassenberg Richard Apparatus for treating motion picture film
US3096198A (en) * 1958-12-22 1963-07-02 Ibm Method for developing latent field images with liquid inks
US3133484A (en) * 1961-09-29 1964-05-19 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing apparatus
US3343956A (en) * 1961-09-29 1967-09-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing process wherein development is achieved by sequenctial application of carrier liquid and developer particles
US3472676A (en) * 1965-11-18 1969-10-14 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Process for developing electrostatic charge patterns
US3753706A (en) * 1969-10-29 1973-08-21 Xerox Corp A photoelectrosolographic imaging method wherein an absorbent material is used
US3696782A (en) * 1970-10-22 1972-10-10 Honeywell Inc Electrostatic recorder
US3795351A (en) * 1971-01-05 1974-03-05 Polaroid Corp Apparatus for dispensing a metered amount of fluid
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4342823A (en) * 1973-03-07 1982-08-03 Scott Paper Company Perforate development electrode
US4384035A (en) * 1973-03-07 1983-05-17 Scott Paper Company Perforate development electrode
US4179210A (en) * 1976-09-30 1979-12-18 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images
US4144061A (en) * 1977-06-27 1979-03-13 Xerox Corporation Transfer development using a fluid spaced donor member
US4623241A (en) * 1981-11-18 1986-11-18 Nashua Corporation Developing apparatus and method for a photocopier employing liquid development
WO1987002482A1 (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-23 Eastman Kodak Company Electrographic liquid applicator head and fabrication method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2325087A1 (fr) 1977-04-15
GB1459132A (en) 1976-12-22
FR2325087B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-06-09
GB1459131A (en) 1976-12-22
JPS49104635A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-03
CA1042729A (en) 1978-11-21
IT1008659B (it) 1976-11-30
BE809465A (fr) 1974-07-08
NL7400144A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-16
DE2400521A1 (de) 1974-07-18
US4133906A (en) 1979-01-09
CH585922A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-15

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