US3877221A - Combustion apparatus air supply - Google Patents
Combustion apparatus air supply Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3877221A US3877221A US391888A US39188873A US3877221A US 3877221 A US3877221 A US 3877221A US 391888 A US391888 A US 391888A US 39188873 A US39188873 A US 39188873A US 3877221 A US3877221 A US 3877221A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- liner
- diffuser
- air
- walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- ABSTRACT An improvement in diffusers to guide air flow from the compressor of a gas turbine engine into the combustion apparatus, splitting the air between front, outer, and inner walls of the combustion liner. A slot in a wall of the diffuser transfers air from compressor mid-radius to the passage leading to the liner inner wall.
- Our invention is directed to combustion apparatus for gas turbine engines. and particularly to an inlet diffuser structure adapted to divide the air flowing to the apparatus between several flow paths. More specifically. our invention resides in diffusing structure which is placed ahead of the combustion zone of an annular gas turbine combustor to divide the air between a portion flowing to the forward wall of the liner. a portion flowing to the radially outer wall. and a portion flowing to the radially inner wall.
- Our invention is particularly adapted to maintain the desired division of flow between the several paths leading into the combustion apparatus notwithstanding changes in operating conditions of the engine which alter the pressure distribution profile at the outlet of a compressor which supplies the combustion apparatus with air.
- Our apparatus is adapted to be employed at relatively high inlet velocity of the air with a broad operating range and a high pressure recovery for low pressure drop through the combustion apparatus. It is characterized by prevention of localized flow separation and by control of the air so as to maintain a good burner outlet pattern.
- the principal objects ofour invention are to improve the operation of gas turbine combustion apparatus. particularly those of the annular type: to improve the inlet diffusing arrangements of such combustion apparatus; and to provide a combustion apparatus which is relatively insensitive to variations in the pressure and velocity profiles of air delivered to the combustion apparatus by a compressor which supplies the air for combustion.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the combustion apparatus of a gas turbine engine taken in a plane containing the axis of the engine and illustrating the environment of our invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view corresponding to FIG. 1 of the diffuser and upstream end of the combustion apparatus.
- a typical axial-flow gas turbine engine 2 which is only partly shown. includes. in flow series, an axial-flow compressor 3, combustion apparatus 4. and a turbine 6. Only the discharge end of the compressor is illustrated. and only a portion of the turbine nozzle 7 through which the combustion products flow is illustrated.
- the turbine is connected by a shaft to drive the compressor to force compressed air into the combustion apparatus. Fuel is burned in the air so supplied and the resulting combustion products are fed to the turbine to drive the compressor. Power may be taken off as shaft power or as a pressurized exhaust stream for jet propulsion.
- the general structure of such engines is well known. and there is no need to describe such in greater detail to explain our invention.
- the combustion apparatus 4 which is shown by way of example comprises an outer casing or wall 8 and an inner casing or wall 9. these defining between them an annular space extending from the outlet of the compressor to the inlet of the turbine. Combustion takes place in an annular combustion liner 10 disposed between the outer and inner walls.
- the combustion liner comprises an outer wall ll and an inner wall 12. These being approximately cylindrical and slightly tapered.
- An air passage 13 is defined by walls 8 and 11, and an air passage 14 by walls 9 and 12.
- the liner 10 also comprises a ring-shaped forward wall 15 fixed to and joining the outer and inner walls of the liner.
- Fuel nozzles 16 are mounted on struts 18 extending through the outer wall 8. through which fuel is supplied to the nozzle. In a particular example. there are sixteen such nozzles disposed equally aroung the axis of the engine.
- the multistage compressor so far as illustrated. comprises a final rotor stage 22 and two rows of outlet guide vanes 23.
- the compressor delivers that air in an axial direction into the combustion apparatus. specifically delivering air through the forward. outer. and inner walls of the liner.
- the diffuser comprises an outer diffuser wall 26 of sheet metal the rear edge of which overlaps and is welded or brazed to the forward portion of the liner outer wall 11.
- the forward end of outer diffuser wall 26 abuts and is welded to a ring 27 forming the outer boundary of an annular central air entrance 28.
- the inner boundary of this air entrance is defined by a ring 30.
- the inner diffuser wall 34 comprises a forward section 32 which is attached to the rear edge of the ring 30 and an aft section the rear end of which overlaps and is fixed to the forward end of the liner inner wall 12. Sections 32 and 35 of the inner diffuser wall 34 are overlapped and spaced to define a communicating passage 36, the parts being connected and maintained in proper relation by spacers 38 of any suitable structure distributed around the axis of the diffuser. As will be seen, the walls 26 and 34 define between them a rather large cavity or air space 39 to which air is introduced through a diverging diffuser passage 40 defined between rings 27 and 30.
- the assembly of rings 27 and 30 may be characterized as a snout 42.
- this snout projects very close to the outlet of the compressor; that is. the outlet guide vanes 23. and that it serves to split the air discharged by the compressor into three portions, one flowing through the diffusing passage 40, a second flowing through an outer diffusing passage 43 between walls 8 and 26 into passage 13, and a third flowing through an inner diffusing passage 44 between walls 30. 32. and 35 and the wall 9 into passage 14.
- the means by which the diffuser 24 and the forward end of liner 10 are supported are not material to the invention. but it may be mentioned that they are attached to circumferentially spaced struts (not illustrated) extending between walls 8 and 9 abreast of snout 42. the forward edge of which is recessed to clear these struts.
- the outer and inner walls 11 and 12 of the combustion liner are similar. Each consists of a number of overlapping sections which define narrow gaps at the over-laps between them for flow of air which performs the function of convection cooling of the liner and then flows over the heated surface of the wall for film cooling.
- Primary combustion air is admitted through holes near the forward end of the liner wall as indicated by the arrows 45. Secondary or dilution air flows through holes in the walls farther downstream as indicated by the arrows 46. Some primary combustion air is admitted through the fuel nozzle 16 to atomize the fuel. Additional air is admitted through the forward wall and flows between the margins of baffles 47 and the outer and inner walls to serve as film cooling air for the up stream end of the liner.
- the film cooling air so intro quizted may become primary combustion air and. so far as any of this film cooling air is not combined with the fuel. it ultimately becomes dilution air. So far as our invention is concerned. any suitable structure of the forward. outer. and inner walls of the liner may be employed.
- the strut 18 has a circumferential flange 50 which is disposed with some clearance in a hole 51 in wall 26.
- a hat-section sheet metal ring or ferrule 52 is assembled around flange 50. The outer margin of the ferrule is slidably retained between the inner surface of wall 26 and a flanged retain ing ring 54 welded to wall 26. This structure minimizes air leakage around strut 18.
- our invention is directed to the diffuser structure 24 which diffuses and divides the air going to the three liner walls.
- the air may be divided into approximately 44% flowing into passage 13. including about 4% flowing past barrier 19 for turbine cooling;
- passage 14 including some 6% flowing past barrier 20 for turbine cooling; and about l6% through the front liner wall 15.
- the amount entering through the central air inlet 28 and flowing through diffusing passage 40 is. in this case. approximately 23% of the total air and about 7% of the air is redirected under normal operating-conditions through the air communicating passage 36 into the inner passage 14.
- the exact proportion of air which is diverted from cavity 39 through the communicating passage to the inner passage 14 varies with the change in outlet velocity and total pressure profiles of the-air entering the combustion apparatus through vanes 23-of the compressor. If the pressure near the inner boundary of the compressor discharge passage decreases the effect of this is to decrease both the quantity and pressure of air flowing through the inner passage 14. while. at the same time it creates an increase in pressure differential between cavity 39 and the exit of the inner diffusing passage 44. as a result of which an increased amount of air flows through the communicating passage 36 from cavity 39 to inner passage 14 thereby increasing both pressure and air flow quantity in passage l4.'ln this manner the communicating passage compensates for variations in compressor discharge velocity and pressure profiles.
- the diffusing passage 40 is directed much more toward the inner margin of the diffuser'assembly 24 than its'outer margin and thus the air flows more directly toward the communicating passage 36 into inner passage 14. Because of the great enlargement of the passage as it leaves passage 40 and enters cavity 39, the air in cavity 39 is rapidly diffused and thus there are no significant velocity effects to upset distribution of flow through the nozzles 16 and the cooling air inlets between the baffles 47 and the liner walls. Thus. there is a fast-moving stream of air flowing over the outer surface of both walls of the liner and a relatively slower moving stream of air within the cavity 39.
- a gas turbine engine comprising a compressor with an annular axial outlet. outer and inner casing walls defining an annular combustion space connected to the outlet. and an annular combustion liner disposed between the said casing walls. the casing walls having forward portions diverging to define a diffusing zone beginning at the compressor outlet. the combustion liner having an upstream wall and outer and inner walls with openings for entrance of'air into the liner in each of the said liner walls. the improvement comprising an airflow dividing diffuser disposed in the diffusing zone and connected to the upstream end of the liner. the diffuser having a snout providing an annular entrance adjacent the compressor outlet and at a mid-radius of the outlet.
- the outer diffuser wall and outer casing wall defining a diffusing flow path to the outer liner wall.
- the outer diffuser wall blocking flow between the said air space and the outer liner wall. and the inner casing wall defining a diffusing flow path to the inner liner wall; the said diffusing flow paths taking air from the outer. central. and inner annular zones of the compressor outlet. respectively; and the diffuser defining means for diverting a portion of the air from the path leading to the upstream liner wall into the path leading to the inner liner wall responsive to relative pressure conditions in the said paths.
- a gas turbine engine comprising a compressor with an annular axial outlet. outer and inner casing walls defining an annular combustion space connected to the outlet. and an annular combustion liner disposed between the said casing walls. the casing walls having forward portions diverging to define a diffusing zone beginning at the compressor outlet. the combustion liner having an upstream wall and outer and inner walls with openings for entrance of air into the liner in each of the said liner walls. the improvement comprising an airflow dividing diffuser disposed in the diffusing zone and connected to the upstream end of the liner. the diffuser having a snout providing an annular entrance adjacent the compressor outlet and at a mid-radius of the outlet.
- the outer diffuser wall and outer casing wall defining a diffusing flow path to the outer liner wall.
- the outer diffuser wall blocking flow between the said air space and the outer liner wall. and the inner casing wall defining a diffusing flow path to the inner liner wall; the said diffusing flow paths taking air from the outer. central. and inner annular zones of the compressor outlet. respectively; and the inner diffuser wall defining circumferentially extending slot means for diverting a portion of the air from the path leading to the upstream liner wall into the path leading to the inner liner wall in response to relative pressure conditions in the said paths.
- a gas turbine engine comprising a compressor with an annular axial outlet. outer and inner casing walls defining an annular combustion space connected to the outlet. and an annular combustion liner disposed between the said casing walls. the casing walls having forward portions diverging to define a diffusing zone beginning at the compressor outlet. the combustion liner having an upstream wall and outer and inner walls with openings for entrance of air into the liner in each of the said liner walls. the improvement comprising an airflow dividing diffuser disposed in the diffusing zone and connected to the upstream end of the liner. the diffuser having a snout providing an annular entrance adjacent the compressor outlet and at a mid-radius of the outlet.
- the outer diffuser wall and outer casing wall defining a diffusing flow path to the outer liner wall.
- the outer diffuser wall blocking flow between the said air space and the outer liner wall. and the inner casing wall defining a diffusing flow path to the inner liner wall; the said diffusing flow paths taking .air from the outer. central. and inner annular zones ofthe compressor outlet.
- the inner diffuser wall defining circumferentially extending slot.means for diverting a portion of the air from the path leading to the upstream liner wall into the path leading to the inner liner wall in response to relative pressure conditions in the said paths; and the diffusing flow path to the upstream liner wall being disposed to discharge the air into the said air space in a direction more predominantly toward the inner diffuser wall than toward the outer diffuser wall.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US391888A US3877221A (en) | 1973-08-27 | 1973-08-27 | Combustion apparatus air supply |
CA196,154A CA993668A (en) | 1973-08-27 | 1974-03-27 | Combustion apparatus air supply for gas turbine engine |
GB1814274A GB1425438A (en) | 1973-08-27 | 1974-04-25 | Combustion apparatus air supply of gas turbine engines |
DE2422362A DE2422362B2 (de) | 1973-08-27 | 1974-05-06 | Ringbrennkammer für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk |
IT50887/74A IT1011411B (it) | 1973-08-27 | 1974-05-09 | Perfezionamento nei dispositivi di alimentazione dell aria per combustori |
FR7418267A FR2245855B1 (ja) | 1973-08-27 | 1974-05-27 | |
JP49058891A JPS5045111A (ja) | 1973-08-27 | 1974-05-27 | |
JP1977132889U JPS5395004U (ja) | 1973-08-27 | 1977-10-04 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US391888A US3877221A (en) | 1973-08-27 | 1973-08-27 | Combustion apparatus air supply |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3877221A true US3877221A (en) | 1975-04-15 |
Family
ID=23548373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US391888A Expired - Lifetime US3877221A (en) | 1973-08-27 | 1973-08-27 | Combustion apparatus air supply |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3877221A (ja) |
JP (2) | JPS5045111A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA993668A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE2422362B2 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2245855B1 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB1425438A (ja) |
IT (1) | IT1011411B (ja) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4098074A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1978-07-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Combustor diffuser for turbine type power plant and construction thereof |
US4458479A (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1984-07-10 | General Motors Corporation | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
US4870826A (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1989-10-03 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation (Snecma) | Casing for a turbojet engine combustion chamber |
US5077967A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-01-07 | General Electric Company | Profile matched diffuser |
US5134855A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-08-04 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Air flow diffuser with path splitter to control fluid flow |
US5279126A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-01-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Diffuser-combustor |
US5339622A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1994-08-23 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation (S.N.E.C.M.A.) | Gas turbine engine with improved water ingestion prevention |
US5737915A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-04-14 | General Electric Co. | Tri-passage diffuser for a gas turbine |
US6401447B1 (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2002-06-11 | Allison Advanced Development Company | Combustor apparatus for a gas turbine engine |
GB2390890A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
EP1426688A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-09 | General Electric Company | Combustor inlet diffuser with boundary layer blowing |
US20180266690A1 (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2018-09-20 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Combustion chamber of a turbine engine |
US20220373181A1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | General Electric Company | Active boundary layer control in diffuser |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5932863U (ja) * | 1982-08-27 | 1984-02-29 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガスタ−ビン燃焼器 |
DE59504264D1 (de) * | 1994-01-24 | 1998-12-24 | Siemens Ag | Brennkammer für eine gasturbine |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3403510A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1968-10-01 | United Aircraft Corp | Removable and replaceable fuel nozzle holder assembly for an annular combustion burner |
US3589127A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1971-06-29 | Gen Electric | Combustion apparatus |
US3631675A (en) * | 1969-09-11 | 1972-01-04 | Gen Electric | Combustor primary air control |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB902511A (en) * | 1960-04-19 | 1962-08-01 | Bristol Siddeley Engines Ltd | Improvements in or relating to combustion chambers |
-
1973
- 1973-08-27 US US391888A patent/US3877221A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-03-27 CA CA196,154A patent/CA993668A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-25 GB GB1814274A patent/GB1425438A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-06 DE DE2422362A patent/DE2422362B2/de active Granted
- 1974-05-09 IT IT50887/74A patent/IT1011411B/it active
- 1974-05-27 JP JP49058891A patent/JPS5045111A/ja active Pending
- 1974-05-27 FR FR7418267A patent/FR2245855B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-10-04 JP JP1977132889U patent/JPS5395004U/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3403510A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1968-10-01 | United Aircraft Corp | Removable and replaceable fuel nozzle holder assembly for an annular combustion burner |
US3589127A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1971-06-29 | Gen Electric | Combustion apparatus |
US3631675A (en) * | 1969-09-11 | 1972-01-04 | Gen Electric | Combustor primary air control |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4098074A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1978-07-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Combustor diffuser for turbine type power plant and construction thereof |
US4458479A (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1984-07-10 | General Motors Corporation | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
US4870826A (en) * | 1987-06-18 | 1989-10-03 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation (Snecma) | Casing for a turbojet engine combustion chamber |
US5134855A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-08-04 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Air flow diffuser with path splitter to control fluid flow |
US5077967A (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-01-07 | General Electric Company | Profile matched diffuser |
US5339622A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1994-08-23 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation (S.N.E.C.M.A.) | Gas turbine engine with improved water ingestion prevention |
US5279126A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-01-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Diffuser-combustor |
US5737915A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1998-04-14 | General Electric Co. | Tri-passage diffuser for a gas turbine |
KR100476353B1 (ko) * | 1996-02-09 | 2005-06-16 | 제너럴 일렉트릭 캄파니 | 압축기배출디퓨저및가스터빈 |
US6401447B1 (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2002-06-11 | Allison Advanced Development Company | Combustor apparatus for a gas turbine engine |
US20040011043A1 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-22 | Anthony Pidcock | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
GB2390890A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
GB2390890B (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2005-07-06 | Rolls Royce Plc | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
US7181914B2 (en) | 2002-07-17 | 2007-02-27 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Diffuser for gas turbine engine |
EP1426688A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-09 | General Electric Company | Combustor inlet diffuser with boundary layer blowing |
CN100416062C (zh) * | 2002-11-19 | 2008-09-03 | 通用电气公司 | 具有附面层吹除的燃烧室进口扩压器 |
US20180266690A1 (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2018-09-20 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Combustion chamber of a turbine engine |
US10684018B2 (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2020-06-16 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Combustion chamber of a turbine engine |
US20220373181A1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | General Electric Company | Active boundary layer control in diffuser |
US11578869B2 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-02-14 | General Electric Company | Active boundary layer control in diffuser |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2422362A1 (de) | 1975-03-27 |
DE2422362B2 (de) | 1979-08-23 |
JPS5045111A (ja) | 1975-04-23 |
IT1011411B (it) | 1977-01-20 |
FR2245855B1 (ja) | 1978-08-04 |
FR2245855A1 (ja) | 1975-04-25 |
DE2422362C3 (ja) | 1980-05-08 |
GB1425438A (en) | 1976-02-18 |
CA993668A (en) | 1976-07-27 |
JPS5395004U (ja) | 1978-08-02 |
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