US3875630A - Shaving cutter - Google Patents

Shaving cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3875630A
US3875630A US405737A US40573773A US3875630A US 3875630 A US3875630 A US 3875630A US 405737 A US405737 A US 405737A US 40573773 A US40573773 A US 40573773A US 3875630 A US3875630 A US 3875630A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lands
shaving
cutting
cut
shaving cutter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US405737A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroshi Taniguchi
Toshikazu Yokoyama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kobe Steel Ltd
Original Assignee
Kobe Steel Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kobe Steel Ltd filed Critical Kobe Steel Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3875630A publication Critical patent/US3875630A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/28—Shaving cutters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/17—Gear cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1735—Rotary, gear shaving cutting tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/105724—Gear shaving

Definitions

  • a shaving cutter includes cutting teeth each being formed with lands and grooves in the opposite faces thereof; the lands providing cutting edges for a shaving operation and including two types of lands.
  • One type of land being cut off substantially in an addendum region thereof and the other being cut off substantially in a dedendum region thereof.
  • the cut off portion of the land being so arranged that it does not engage in the shaving operation, whereby the cutting face area is reduced so as to increase the depth of the cut, thus obtaining various advantages such as reduction of frictional distance, wear of the cutting edge, improved precision of shaving, shortening of the period of the cutting process, and the like.
  • This invention relates to a shaving cutter and more particularly to a shaving cutter for shaving or finish cutting a gear.
  • the shaving of a gear by a shaving cutter provided with helically arranged cutting edges is generally done by arranging a shaving cutter a and a gear b to be shaved in a skewed relationship with a crossing angle 8 of both axes, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the gear and the shaving cutter mesh with each other and drive the shaving cutter.
  • the gear is driven by the shaving cutter in a meshing manner, and furthermore, according to the conventional shaving method, the gear is moved in its axial direction D such that shaving is applied over the entire width of the gear.
  • the conventional shaving cutter includes a plurality of cutting teeth arranged helically therearound, one of which is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a tooth l is formed with a plurality of equidistantly spaced lands 2 each being arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the tooth and separated from adjacent lands by a groove 3 to define a cutting edge 4 extending over the addendum and dedendum portions of the tooth. Therefore, the tooth of this kind is adapted to perform shaving at both faces thereof at the same time and over the entire extension of each cutting edge.
  • Another object of this invention is to reduce the frictional distance of the cutting edge over the face of the gear by improving the depth of cut performance of the shaving cutter and by generating relatively thick chips, and thereby to suppress the wear of the cutting edge to a minimum and to elongate the life of the shaving cutter.
  • Still another object is to improve the precision of finishing the face of the gear by making uniform the contacting pressure between the shaving cutter and the gear in the contacting region over the entire process of shaving.
  • a shaving cutter comprising cutting teeth each being formed with lands and grooves in opposite faces thereof, the lands providing cutting edges to perform the shaving operation, wherein the lands include two types of lands, one being cut off substantially in an addendum region thereof and the other being cut off substantially in a dedendum region thereof, the cut off portion of the land being adapted not to engage in the shaving operation.
  • the contacting surface between the lands and the face of the gear is reduced to substantially half that in the conventional shaving cutter, whereby the contacting surface pressure in the shaving operation is doubled, and as a result, there are accomplished various improvements such as favorable depth of cut performance, reduction in wear of the cutting edge and accordingly an elongated life of the shaving cutter, increased shaving amounts accompanied by higher precision of shaving as well as shortening of the period of the shaving process.
  • the contacting surface pressure in the shaving operation is uniforrnalized over the entire region of shaving by properly arranging the lands formed with the cut-off portions in two types according to particular configurations of the gears to be worked, whereby the precision of the shaving process is substantially improved.
  • the lands formed with the cut-off portions are arranged symmetrically on opposite faces of a cutting tooth. Regarding each face of the cutting tooth, the cut-off portions are arranged alternately in an addendum or dedendum region so that in the shaving operation each adjacent pair of lands operate in combination as if they constitute a conventional complete land.
  • the alternate arrangement of the cutting portions in the addendum or dedendum region is reversed with respect to the opposite faces of the cutting tooth.
  • the lands formed with the cutting portions according to this invention may be arranged in a properly mixed manner together with the conventional complete lands wherein the complete lands may be positioned at the leading or trailing end of the cutting tooth or may be arranged alternately or in every third or fourth position with the lands formed with the cut-off portions according to this invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematical view showing the relation of a shaving cutter in shaving operation and a gear to be shaved;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cutting tooth of a typical conventional shaving cutter
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cutting tooth formed with lands arranged according to a fundamental embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a view in a perspective manner for illustrating the meshing relation between a gear to be shaved and the cutting tooth shown in FIG. 3',
  • FIG. 4A is a section along line AA in FIG. 4.
  • FIGS. 5 8 show various modifications of the arrangement of the lands according to this invention with respect to a particular cutting tooth in a perspective manner.
  • FIG. 3 shows a typical cutting tooth of a shaving cutter according to this invention, wherein a cutting tooth 10 arranged along the periphery of a shaving cutter C has a shape generally defined by enveloping surfaces 11 and 12 which also define the cutting faces of the cutting tooth.
  • the cutting faces are cut off to form a plurality of equidistantly spaced grooves 14 each extending from the addendum to dedendum ends of the cutting tooth thereby to define lands 15 left therebetween.
  • Each land is adapted to present cutting edges along opposite edges thereof.
  • a land designated by reference numeral 15a is cut off in a region extending substantially from a middle portion of the phase to the addendum end to present a substantially flat relief portion 16 adapted not to engage in the shaving operation.
  • a land designated by reference numeral 15b has a portion thereof cut off in the same manner but to present a relief portion 17 in a region extending substantially from a middle portion thereof to the dedendum end.
  • the relief portions 16 and 17 are cut off along a plane, in the shown embodiment, they may be cut off along any curved surface.
  • FIG. 4 The shaving operation of the cutting tooth shown in FIG. 3 is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the shaving cutter C having the cutting tooth 10
  • the gear G rotates following the rotation of the shaving cutter C and at the same time is transferred in the direction of its axis as in the conventional shaving process so as to apply the shaving to the entire surface extending over the width thereof.
  • the lands 15 of the shaving cutter contact the face of the gear within a region defined by phantom lines L.
  • the lands 15b are formed with cut off portions 17 in their dedendum portions, the lands 15b do not come in contact with the face 6! of the gear.
  • the area of the contacting surface between the shaving cutter and the gear is reduced by substantially a half as compared with the case of employing the conventional shaving cutter, as shown in FIG. 2, and accordingly, the contacting pressure per unit area in the shaving operation is doubled.
  • the depth of cut performance of the cutting edges into the face of the gear is very much improved.
  • the shaving cutter C rotates from the position shown in FIG. 4, the cutting edge of the land 15a slides with respect to the gear face Gl along a route R determined by a sliding component Ge in the direction of tooth contour and a sliding component G2 in the direction of gear space while applying the shaving action to the face of the gear.
  • the contacting region L moves toward the tip of the gear G.
  • the addendum portion of the gear face Gl is shaved by the cutting edges of the lands 15a, while in the former half period of shaving of the gear face G1, the dedendum portion of the gear face is shaved by the cutting edges of the lands 15b.
  • the shaving of the gear face in the dedendum region by the lands 15b is continuously succeeded by the shaving in the addendum portion by the lands 15a.
  • the shaving depth by the lands 15a and 15b is increased to be twice as much as compared with the conventional shaving cutter, whereby in case of shaving a same pre determined amount, the frictional distance over the face of the gear by the cutting edge of the land is sub stantially reduced when performed by the cutter according to this invention as compared with the conventional shaving cutter. Due to the reduction of the frictional distance, the wearing of the shaving cutter is correspondingly reduced and the life of the shaving cutter is elongated.
  • the same shaving action is applied except that in this case the direction of progress of the shaving action is reversed, i.e., the addendum portion of the gear face G2 is first shaved by the lands 15a and then the dedendum portion is shaved by the lands 15b.
  • the entire shaving operation is of course reversed as a whole.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the shaving cutter according to this invention, wherein the arrangements of the lands at the opposite faces of the cutting tooth are reversed with respect to each other.
  • FIG. 5 wherein the portions corresponding to those in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals, the face confronting the observer is formed with the lands 15a and 15b arranged in the same manner as in the cutting tooth shown in FIG. 3.
  • the opposite face averted away from the observer is formed with lands at the positions where the lands 15b are formed in the cutting tooth shown in FIG. 3 and the lands 15b at the positions where the lands 150 are formed in the cutting tooth shown in FIG. 3.
  • the shaving cutter shown in FIG. 5 operates in substantially the same manner as the one shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of this invention, wherein several complete lands 150 as in the conventional shaving cutter are combined with the lands 15a and 15b formed with the cut off relief portions according to this invention.
  • the complete land 15c By the provision of the complete land 15c, the meshing rotation of the shaving cutter and the gear is favorably controlled due to the improved guiding action by the complete land [50, whereby precision of the contour of the shaved gear is improved.
  • An additional advantage of providing the complete lands [Se is that in manufacturing the shaving cutter the measurement of the tooth contour is made easier.
  • the other portions corresponding to those shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • F IG. 8 shows a further embodiment of this invention, wherein the face of the cutting tooth l0 confronting the observer is formed with the lands 15a and 15b substantially in the same manner as in the tooth shown in FIG. 3, while the other face averted from the observer is formed with the conventional complete lands 15c over the entire extent thereof.
  • Such an unsymmetrical arrangement of the lands is favorably adapted to compensate the difference in shaving pressure in opposite faces of the cutting tooth for the difference in pressure acting in the driving face and the driven face in the driving operation of the shaving cutter when meshing with the gear.
  • a shaving cutter comprising cutting teeth each being formed with lands and grooves in opposite faces thereof, said lands providing cutting edges to perform the shaving operation, said lands includes two types of lands, one being cut off substantially in an addendum region thereof and the other being cut off substantially in a dedendum region thereof, said cut-off portion of said land being adapted not to engage in the shaving operation.
  • a shaving cutter according to claim 1 wherein said two types of lands are arranged alternately in one face of the cutting tooth.
  • a shaving cutter according to claim 1 wherein the arrangement of the two types of lands is symmetrical regarding the opposite faces of the cutting tooth in a manner that one type of land formed in one face is backed by the same type of land formed in the opposite face.
  • a shaving cutter according to claim 1 wherein the arrangement of the two types of lands is reversed re garding the opposite faces of the cutting tooth in a manner that one type of land formed in one face is backed by the other type of land formed in the opposite face.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
US405737A 1972-10-12 1973-10-11 Shaving cutter Expired - Lifetime US3875630A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47102105A JPS5216596B2 (lv) 1972-10-12 1972-10-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3875630A true US3875630A (en) 1975-04-08

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ID=14318504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US405737A Expired - Lifetime US3875630A (en) 1972-10-12 1973-10-11 Shaving cutter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3875630A (lv)
JP (1) JPS5216596B2 (lv)
DE (1) DE2316156C3 (lv)
FR (1) FR2202750B1 (lv)
GB (1) GB1382220A (lv)
IT (1) IT995794B (lv)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5651644A (en) * 1992-12-22 1997-07-29 Basili; Sante Rotary shaving cutter with alternatively arranged plates
US20170008103A1 (en) * 2015-07-09 2017-01-12 Jtekt Corporation Gear machining apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4280773A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-07-28 Masato Ainoura Shaving cutter and method of producing the same
JPS5740560Y2 (lv) * 1978-12-13 1982-09-06

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2329284A (en) * 1940-03-25 1943-09-14 Nat Broach & Mach Gear finishing tool

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2329284A (en) * 1940-03-25 1943-09-14 Nat Broach & Mach Gear finishing tool

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5651644A (en) * 1992-12-22 1997-07-29 Basili; Sante Rotary shaving cutter with alternatively arranged plates
US20170008103A1 (en) * 2015-07-09 2017-01-12 Jtekt Corporation Gear machining apparatus
US9919371B2 (en) * 2015-07-09 2018-03-20 Jtekt Corporation Gear machining apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2202750B1 (lv) 1976-10-01
GB1382220A (en) 1975-01-29
IT995794B (it) 1975-11-20
DE2316156C3 (de) 1975-06-19
DE2316156A1 (de) 1974-04-18
JPS5216596B2 (lv) 1977-05-10
JPS4960096A (lv) 1974-06-11
DE2316156B2 (de) 1974-10-31
FR2202750A1 (lv) 1974-05-10

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