US3873930A - Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications - Google Patents
Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3873930A US3873930A US336899A US33689973A US3873930A US 3873930 A US3873930 A US 3873930A US 336899 A US336899 A US 336899A US 33689973 A US33689973 A US 33689973A US 3873930 A US3873930 A US 3873930A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- combination
- torus
- electrical charge
- discharge
- capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005434 elementary particle interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
- H01G2/22—Electrostatic or magnetic shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
- H05H1/10—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball
- H05H1/12—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball wherein the containment vessel forms a closed or nearly closed loop
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Definitions
- ABSTRACT The invention relates to a novel electric capacitor for the attainment of very high voltages and for the storage of electric energy, comprising of two concentric 22 Filed: Mar. 1, 1973 [21] Appl. No.:336,899
- Applica- ⁇ 5m References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS tions are: l) the initiation of nuclear reactions, especially thermonuclear reactions, (2) the collective acceleration of electrically charged atomic particles to XX .11 1 7/ 5 ti 3 m Int Que S 0 .m 8 m 6 B 2 I07 99 H 00.
- the first method uses the focussed light beam ofa pulsed laser.
- the second method uses for the same purpose a pulsed intense beam of relativistic electrons produced, for example, by a Marx high voltage generator [compare, for example, F. Wintnerberg Physical Review 174 212, (1968)].
- the first method using a pulsed laser permits very high power levels, but because of the high laser cost is limited in the total energy output.
- the second method using a pulsed intense relativistic electron beam permits much larger energy outputs because of the much lower costs of Joule per dollar for electrostatically stored energy.
- the largest presently available energy storage devices to produce relativistic electron beams are in fact about -10 time larger then the largest laser systems. But even for electron beam pulse generators the cost becomes very substantial for energy outputs above several megajoule as they are probably required for thermonuclear energy release.
- the high cost results from the relatively low energy storage capacity of conventional capacitors and which is of the order -l Joule/cm.
- the charging is done. inductively at high current levels associated with short charging times and thus high average power levels for a repetitive discharge of operation. This can be done by two concentric toroidal conductors within a toroidal magnetic field coil.
- the iner toroidal conductor is not permitted to have any physical contact with respect to the outer toroidal conductor which for example, can be accomplished by magnetic levitation of the inner toroidal conductor.
- the space in between the inner and outer toroidal conductor is a hard vacuum. Near the surface of the outer toroidal conductor is a cathode, emitting electrons, for example by thermionic emission.
- the magnetic field created by the toroidal magnetic field coil rises in time the electrons emitted by the cathode will be transported by the inwardly moving lines of force onto the inner conductor which is thereby charged up negatively.
- the magnetic field rising in time can be chosen always larger than the electric field rising in time as a result of the charging process. In this case then as long as E, the magnetic field will prevent electric breakdown which is the effect of magnetic insulation.
- the outer conductor at the same time will be charged up positively such that the inner and outer conductor form an electric capacitor.
- the inner conductor After the electric field in between the inner and outer conductor has reached a critical value, such that E approaches H, at a properly placed breakdown gap in between the inner conductor and a guide electrode penetrating the outer conductor through a circular hole, the inner conductor will discharge itself onto the guide electrode.
- a critical value such that E approaches H
- the inner conductor At the end of the guide electrode located inside a conducting discharge tube is an anode window followed by a drift tube. From the end of the guide electrode electrons are emitted which after passing through the anode window will form an intense electron beam.
- the electron beam can be also projected into a drift tube with an axial externally applied magnetic field focussing and guiding the beam.
- a sequence of beam pulses can be generated with high frequency and thus high power level.
- FIGURE of the drawing is a perspective cross-sectional view of an example of the embodiment of the invention in a magnetically insulated capacitor.
- a time dependent magnetic field is applied in between the inner and outer conductor and which must be parallel or nearly parallel to the conducting surface of the iner conductor.
- the magnetic field can thereby be most easily produced by a toroidal magnetic field coil 3 which surrounds the outer conductor. This coil 3 is connected to an external power source at the coil terminals 4 and 5.
- FIGURE shows a circular torus with circular cross sections of the inner and outer conductor as well as a circular cross section of the magnetic field coil, it is also possible to use non-circular tori and non-circular cross sections having the same topological properties.
- the inner and outer conductor have a nonconducting gap 6 and 7, which permits the time dependent magnetic field generated by the coil 3 to flow freely into the space in between the outer and inner conductor and also into the space within the inner conductor. It is however, also possible to do without these gaps if the electric conductivity of the outer and inner conductors are sufficiently low as it is for example, the case for semiconductors. Instead of one gap it is also possible to make a number of gaps which in addition and by choice can be filled out with either a semiconducting or insulating material. In the single FIGURE the inner conductor is drawn hollow, but it is also possi ble that this conductor is either compact or filled with a nonconducting or semiconducting substance.
- thermionic electron emitter cathode 8 which by aaid of an auxiliary voltage source 9, emits electrons into the space in between the outer and inner conductor.
- auxiliary voltage source 9 a thermionic electron emitter cathode 8
- emitter cathode can be a number of such cathodes, or any number of any other electron emitting cathodes, for example, field-emitting cathodes.
- both inner and outer conductor form an electric capacitor.
- the electric field E created by the electric charging process grows in proportion to the externally applied variable magnetic field H such that h E for all times during the charging process.
- the discharge time T of such a capacitor is of the order (volume)" velocity of light -3 X 10' sec.
- the discharge current is given by I-e/V-r- 1O Ampere.
- auxiliary guide electrode 15 which has the form of a rod.
- this guide electrode is placed in the center of a coaxial conducting discharge tube 12.
- the coaxial conducting discharge tube is connected to and on the same potential as the outside toroidal conductor.
- the guide electrode must be kept at the same potential as the outer conductor and the discharge tube. This will most probably happen automatically by a small field emission current from the guide electrode onto the conducting discharge tube.
- the front of the electron beam faces the anode window 13.
- the electron beam will pass through the anode window into the drift tube 14 without any appreciable energy loss.
- this arrangement can be used for emitting ions in which case the inner torus acts as a cathode and the anode window is replaced by a cathode window.
- the power of electron beam is of the order IV Watt.
- the inductive charging process can be done very fast, for example in a fraction of a second, the machine can work in a rapid sequence at very high average power levels unattainable for any conventional particle accelerator.
- the charging current I is computed from the condition 1,1- 11' where 1- is the charging time. Put for example, 1-, [0 sec, it then follows for the above given values of I and 7 that I, 3 Ampere, which can be easily generated by thermionic emission.
- the power for the charging process is of the order 1 V 3 X 10 Watt and could be drawn from a conventional ac. power source. For large power levels a unipolar generator can be used.
- thermonuclear fusion and for the collective acceleration of ions to ultrahigh energies.
- thermonuclear fusion can be achieved by the concept of thermonuclear microexplosions if the following conditions can be met: (a) An energy source must be available to deliver an energy of several megajoule within 10 see. (b) The energy source must be capable of concentrating the energy into a volume which is a small fraction of a em A machine of modest dimension can easily meet the first condition. Since the energy is delivered in form of an intense relativistic electron beam the energy can be concentrated into a very small volume if the strong selfmagnetic forces acting on the beam are utilized. In this way the second condition can be met. The energy and power which can be delivered by such a machine may even make possible the release of thermonuclear energy from the deuteriumdenterium reaction.
- Further possible applications of the described apparatus include: (a) The use of the generated atomic particle beams for the production of transuranic elements by nuclear reactions. (b) The generation of intense X-ray flashes by the interaction of the electron beam with a solid target. (c) The use of the generated atomic particle beams to pump lasers. (d) The use of the intense electron beams to produce intense bursts of microwaves. (e) The use of the intense atomic particle beams to make beams of other rare subnuclear particles such as mesons, hyperons, etc., by elementary particle interactions of the primary beam with a target. (f) The use of two or more particle beams produced by several machines for clashing beam experiments in high energy physics.
- thermonuclear or other applications by simultaneous bombardment from different directions.
- the use of the various generated radiations for medical purposes especially cancer theraphy.
- a magnetically insulated capacitor comprising, in combination, an outer torus; a coaxial inner torusaccommodated with spacing in said outer torus and defining therewith a highly evacuated space; emitting means for introducing electrical charge carriers into said space and located in the region of said outer torus; magnetic means generating in said space a timedependent magnetic field for forcing said electrical charge carriers onto said inner torus so as to accumulate a high electrical charge thereon, and for preventing discharge of said electrical charge from said inner torus to said outer torus; and discharge means pasing through said outer torus and defining with said inner torus a spark-over gap, said discharge means being adapted for conducting said high electrical charge outside the capacitor when said electrical charge reaches a sparkover value and traverses said gap.
- said discharge means includes a discharge tube penetrating said outer torus; and a guide electrode supported in said discharge tube and defining said spark-over gap with said inner torus.
- said discharge means further includes an anode window provided in said discharge tube and separating the interior of the capacitor from the exterior thereof.
- said discharge means further includes a cathode window provided in said discharge tube and separating the interior of the capacitor from the exterior thereof.
- said inner and outer tori have coinciding longitudinal axes; and wherein at least one of said inner and outer tori is provided with at least one slot extending substantially parallel to the respective one of said longitudinal axes.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US336899A US3873930A (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1973-03-01 | Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications |
ZA00741111A ZA741111B (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-20 | Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications |
GB810774A GB1455076A (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-22 | Magnetically insulated capacitor |
IL44278A IL44278A0 (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-25 | Magnetically insulated capacitor,process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications |
SE7402513A SE397019B (sv) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-26 | Magnetiskt isolerad elektrisk kondensator for uppnaende av mycket hoga spenningar och for lagring av elektrisk energi |
IT48741/74A IT1003601B (it) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-26 | Condensatore elettrico magnetica mente isolato |
DE2409327A DE2409327A1 (de) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-27 | Magnetisch isolierter kondensator und verfahren zur elektrostatischen energiespeicherung und deren anwendung |
NL7402707A NL7402707A (pt) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-28 | |
JP49022890A JPS5048398A (pt) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-28 | |
BE6044474A BE811741A (fr) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-28 | Condensateur isole magnetiquement pour accumulation d'energie electrostatique |
CH281974A CH583964A5 (pt) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-28 | |
CA193,761A CA1010964A (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-02-28 | Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications |
BR741525A BR7401525D0 (pt) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-03-01 | Capacitor magneticamente isolado |
FR7407527A FR2220088A1 (pt) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-03-01 | |
AU66212/74A AU6621274A (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-03-01 | Magnetically insulated capacitor |
LU69526A LU69526A1 (pt) | 1973-03-01 | 1974-03-01 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US336899A US3873930A (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1973-03-01 | Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3873930A true US3873930A (en) | 1975-03-25 |
Family
ID=23318174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US336899A Expired - Lifetime US3873930A (en) | 1973-03-01 | 1973-03-01 | Magnetically insulated capacitor, process for electrostatic energy storage and its applications |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3873930A (pt) |
JP (1) | JPS5048398A (pt) |
AU (1) | AU6621274A (pt) |
BE (1) | BE811741A (pt) |
BR (1) | BR7401525D0 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA1010964A (pt) |
CH (1) | CH583964A5 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE2409327A1 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR2220088A1 (pt) |
GB (1) | GB1455076A (pt) |
IL (1) | IL44278A0 (pt) |
IT (1) | IT1003601B (pt) |
LU (1) | LU69526A1 (pt) |
NL (1) | NL7402707A (pt) |
SE (1) | SE397019B (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA741111B (pt) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2707742A1 (de) * | 1977-02-23 | 1978-08-24 | Runge | Elektronenspeicher |
US4303473A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1981-12-01 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Torus type vacuum shell |
US20050271181A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-12-08 | Board Of Regents Of The University And Community College System Of Nevada | Apparatus and method for ignition of high-gain thermonuclear microexplosions with electric-pulse power |
US20160365159A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-12-15 | Jackal Growl Publishing Co. Limited | Nuclear fusor apparatus |
US10672564B2 (en) | 2018-09-23 | 2020-06-02 | Kirk W. Rosener | Electret energy storage system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2997641A (en) * | 1958-05-20 | 1961-08-22 | William R Baker | Plasma generator device |
US3705998A (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1972-12-12 | Us Army | Negative ion generator |
-
1973
- 1973-03-01 US US336899A patent/US3873930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-02-20 ZA ZA00741111A patent/ZA741111B/xx unknown
- 1974-02-22 GB GB810774A patent/GB1455076A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-25 IL IL44278A patent/IL44278A0/xx unknown
- 1974-02-26 SE SE7402513A patent/SE397019B/xx unknown
- 1974-02-26 IT IT48741/74A patent/IT1003601B/it active
- 1974-02-27 DE DE2409327A patent/DE2409327A1/de active Pending
- 1974-02-28 BE BE6044474A patent/BE811741A/xx unknown
- 1974-02-28 NL NL7402707A patent/NL7402707A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-02-28 CH CH281974A patent/CH583964A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-28 CA CA193,761A patent/CA1010964A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-28 JP JP49022890A patent/JPS5048398A/ja active Pending
- 1974-03-01 LU LU69526A patent/LU69526A1/xx unknown
- 1974-03-01 BR BR741525A patent/BR7401525D0/pt unknown
- 1974-03-01 AU AU66212/74A patent/AU6621274A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-01 FR FR7407527A patent/FR2220088A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2997641A (en) * | 1958-05-20 | 1961-08-22 | William R Baker | Plasma generator device |
US3705998A (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1972-12-12 | Us Army | Negative ion generator |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4303473A (en) * | 1975-02-05 | 1981-12-01 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Torus type vacuum shell |
DE2707742A1 (de) * | 1977-02-23 | 1978-08-24 | Runge | Elektronenspeicher |
US20050271181A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-12-08 | Board Of Regents Of The University And Community College System Of Nevada | Apparatus and method for ignition of high-gain thermonuclear microexplosions with electric-pulse power |
US20160365159A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-12-15 | Jackal Growl Publishing Co. Limited | Nuclear fusor apparatus |
US9905317B2 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2018-02-27 | Jackal Growl Publishing Co. Limited | Nuclear fusor apparatus |
US10672564B2 (en) | 2018-09-23 | 2020-06-02 | Kirk W. Rosener | Electret energy storage system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE397019B (sv) | 1977-10-10 |
BR7401525D0 (pt) | 1974-12-03 |
IT1003601B (it) | 1976-06-10 |
GB1455076A (en) | 1976-11-10 |
JPS5048398A (pt) | 1975-04-30 |
DE2409327A1 (de) | 1974-09-05 |
CA1010964A (en) | 1977-05-24 |
BE811741A (fr) | 1974-06-17 |
AU6621274A (en) | 1975-09-04 |
NL7402707A (pt) | 1974-09-03 |
LU69526A1 (pt) | 1974-06-21 |
CH583964A5 (pt) | 1977-01-14 |
ZA741111B (en) | 1975-01-29 |
IL44278A0 (en) | 1974-06-30 |
FR2220088A1 (pt) | 1974-09-27 |
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