US3870082A - Venturi-type devices - Google Patents

Venturi-type devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3870082A
US3870082A US370895A US37089573A US3870082A US 3870082 A US3870082 A US 3870082A US 370895 A US370895 A US 370895A US 37089573 A US37089573 A US 37089573A US 3870082 A US3870082 A US 3870082A
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Prior art keywords
section
barriers
physical
upstream
flow
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Expired - Lifetime
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US370895A
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English (en)
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Richard Adolf Holl
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Micron Engineering Inc
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Micron Engineering Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US370895A priority Critical patent/US3870082A/en
Priority to AU62976/73A priority patent/AU6297673A/en
Priority to CA187,056A priority patent/CA1009568A/en
Priority to DE2361636A priority patent/DE2361636A1/de
Priority to NL7317026A priority patent/NL7317026A/xx
Priority to LU69018A priority patent/LU69018A1/xx
Priority to FR7345168A priority patent/FR2211276B3/fr
Priority to DD175437A priority patent/DD115043A5/xx
Priority to IL43861A priority patent/IL43861A0/xx
Priority to AR251634A priority patent/AR200507A1/es
Priority to BR10047/73A priority patent/BR7310047D0/pt
Priority to BE139174A priority patent/BE808988A/xx
Priority to IT54537/73A priority patent/IT1008091B/it
Priority to JP49004330A priority patent/JPS4997378A/ja
Priority to ES421784A priority patent/ES421784A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3870082A publication Critical patent/US3870082A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/10—Venturi scrubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/54—Venturi scrubbers

Definitions

  • a venturi-type device comprises a fluid flow passage containing in the direction of fluid flow, an upstream section of progressively reducing cross-section, a venturithroat section, and a downstream section of progressively increasing cross-section.
  • the necessary changes in cross-section are produced by a plurality of physical barriers disposed in the passage and spaced from each other transverse to the direction of flow of the fluid, the changes in cross-section being caused by differences in length of the barriers.
  • the barriers may be substantially flat parallel plates disposed longitudinally of the direction of the flow.
  • the surfaces of the barriers may be coated with liquid or solid material.
  • the barriers may be hollow to form other passageways for the flow of a second fluid through the device in exchange relation with the first fluid passing between the barriers.
  • the present invention is concerned with improvements in venturi-type devices, and in apparatus incorporating such devices, such as gas cleaners, dissolvers, reactors, and heat exchangers.
  • Venturi devices comprise a duct or pipe providing a fluid flow passageway that'decreases progressively in cross-sectional area in an upstream section to a minimum at a throat section," and then increases progressively again in a downstream section.
  • Fluid forced through the venturi device has its flow velocity increased progressively in the upstream section to reach a maximum at the throat, the velocity decreasing again in the downstream section, usually accompanied by a considerable turbulence of the fluid in the downstream section and in the ductor pipe-work fed from the device.
  • the passage of fluid through the device is accompanied by a pressure drop therein, the value of which is proportional to the amount of energy or power required to pass the fluid therethrough. It is usually one of the main endeavours of designers of these devices to keep this pressure drop as low as possible, so that the device and the apparatus in which it is incorporated will operate at maximum efficiency and minimum external power requirements.
  • a gas cleaning liquid usually water
  • water is injected into the gas stream at or very close the entrance to the venturi throat, where it is immediately atomised by the high-velocity gas stream into a mist or spray having a high probability of physical contact with solid material to be cleaned from the stream; this high probability results chiefly from the difference in velocity between the slower moving mist droplets and the faster moving gas-borne particles.
  • This high contact probability is also enhanced by the abovementioned turbulence in the gas downstream of the throat.
  • a device of venturi type comprising a passage member providing a passage for the flow of fluid therein in a predetermined direction, the passage having in the direction of flow of fluid in the passage and in the stated order an upstream section, a throat section and a downstream section, the flow cross-sectional area of the passage in the upstream section decreasing progressively toward the throat section, and the flow crosssectional area in the downstream section increasing progressively away fromthe throat section, wherein at least one of said upstream and downstream sections comprises a plurality of physical barriers disposed in the passage, which barriers are spaced from each other transverse to said direction of flow and decrease the flow cross-sectional area of the part of the passage in which they are located, the said change of flow cross- 2 sectional area being caused by differences in the said direction of flow of the physical lengths of the barriers in the corresponding section.
  • FIG. 1 is a section through a gas cleaning apparatus in accordance with the invention and incorporating venturi-type devices of the invention wherein the said physical barriers are constituted by longitudinallydisposed laminae,
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section taken on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, and drawn to a larger scale
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross section through some laminae constituting the physical barriers of the device of FIG. 1, drawn to a larger scale, in order to show detail of construction thereof,
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation of a laminae to show another constructional feature thereof
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic longitudinal cross section to a much enlarged scale to explain the operation of the embodiment of the invention illustrated by FIGS. 1 to FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross section through another device in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a section taken on the line 77 of FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross section through a heatexchange device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross section through a further device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the device of FIG. 9 to show the structure thereof
  • FIG. 11 is a longitudinal cross section through a yet further device in accordance with the invention, wherein the physical barriers are constituted by transversely disposed perforated sheets,
  • FIG. 12 is a longitudinal cross section through a still further device in accordance with the invention, wherein the physical barriers are constituted by a combination of longitudinally-disposed laminae and transversely disposed perforated sheets, and
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of some laminae constituting the physical barriers of the device of FIG. 1, drawn to a larger scale, to show the use of mesh sheets for this purpose.
  • An air-cleaning apparatus as illustrated by FIG. 1 is especially suited for the removal of particles such as dust and fume from gases, e.g. furnace exhaust gases. It may also be employed for the selective removal of one or more gases from other gases, e.g. by selective solutionyadsorption, absorption or chemical reaction.
  • the gas to be cleaned is drawn by a fan 10 through a primary coarse venturi-type separator I1 and a secondary fine venturi-type separator 12 before being discharged to atmosphere via an outlet 13. Both separators are disposed over a common water tank 14 which is supplied with water from a pipe via a level-control valve 16.
  • the level of the water in the tank is indicated by 17, and is maintained above the lower edges of the partitions 18 and 19, so as to isolate the separators from one another, and to force the air to pass between them only via the connecting pipe 20.
  • Water is drawn from the tank by a pump 21 and passed by a pipe 22 to nozzles 23 and 24 which spray the water onto their respective separators.
  • the water draining from the separators is collected in the tank, the suspended solid material settling to the bottom in the form of a sludge and being removed therefrom as required via a valve 25.
  • the duct or pipe 26 of the primary separator is illustrated as of square internal cross-section.
  • a plurality of physical barriers constituted by uniformlyspaced thin flat parallel plates are disposed within the gas flow passageway formed by the pipe with their larger faces parallel to the respective sides of the pipe, forming a corresponding plurality of narrow, uniformwidth, parallel-sided straight passageways.
  • the spacing and number of plates shown in the drawing as constituting the venturi-type device 11 is merely for clarity of illustration, and does not necessarily correspond to the parameters for an actual device, which will be discussed below.
  • the device is illustrated as comprising three parallel longest plates 27 equally spaced from one another and from the adjacent parallel walls of the pipe.
  • Four shorter plates 28 are each disposed between two immediately adjacent plates 27, or between a plates 27 and the adjacent pipe wall, with its leading and trailing edges substantially equally spaced from the respective edges of the plates 27.
  • Eight still shorter plates 29 are disposed in the spaces between the plates 27 and 28 and the pipe walls.
  • each plate is equally spaced from the respective edges of the immediately adjacent longer plates It will be seen that the gas entering the device traverses a flow passageway that decreases progressively in cross-sectional area in an upstream section" encompassing the leading ends of the plates 27 and 28 that extend beyond the shortest plates 29, until a minimum is reached at the passageways bounded by the shortest plates, constituting the throat section of the device.
  • the cross-sectional area of the passageway then increases progressively in a downstream section, encompassing the trailing ends of the plates 27 and 28 that extend beyond the plates 29, until a maximum is reached where the longest plates 27 terminate.
  • the secondary venturi separator is illustrated as comprising laminae all plates 27, 28 and 29, and in addition plates 30 which are shorter in length than the plates 29 and are disposed with their leading and trailing edges equally spaced from the corresponding edges of the plates 29. Because of the addition of the plates 30 the final spacing between immediately adjacent plates is smaller than in the primary separator, and the secondary separator is effective with finer particles. It will be noted that the shortest plates 30 of the secondary separator are considerably longer than the shortest plates 29 of the primary separator to give longer passages in which the scrubbing liquid from the nozzles 24 is effective.
  • venturi-type device in accordance with the invention that substantially less pressure drop is obtained across the device compared to a conventional high energy venturi scrubber of the same flow rate capacity, the particle collection efficiency of the venturi-type device in accordance with the invention being substantially higher.
  • a venturi-type device of 1 in its most elementary form can have the necessary physical barriers constituted by a single set of plates disposed in the passageway, the plates being of progressively different lengths with their leading and trailing edges so disposed that the plates form the required upstream, throat and downstream sections.
  • the progressive increase and decrease are of substantially the same rate, but in other embodiments this need not be the case, the different rates being achieved by corresponding location of the leading and trailing edges of the plates.
  • the device is formed by thin flat plates spaced accurately from one another to provide passageways of corresponding width by narrow longitudinal spacing elements 31, and the ease and simplicity of manufacturing by such an arrangement will be apparent. It is also possible for the device to be formed by spaced plates that are not flat, e.g. curved in the directions transverse to the direction of gas flow and/or curved in the directions parallel to the gas flow.
  • An extreme example of a device with plates curved transverse to the gas flow consists of a plurality of spaced concentric cylinders, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the apparatus illustrated by FIG. 8 is a heat exchange device where one fiuid may not come in contact with the other fluid.
  • at least the plates 29 immediately bounding the throat are hollow and constitute a flow passage for the second fluid, these hollow plates communicating with headers 33 provided with inlets and outlets that are not shown.
  • Other forms of exchange between two fluids may also be effected by the device of the invention and, for example, the walls of the hollow plates may be permeable.
  • the devices of the invention are particularly efficient at coalescing fine vapours of the spray into droplets of sufficient size not to remain entrained in the gas stream.
  • the transverse spacing between each immediately adjacent pair of plates in the throat section should be closely correlated with the maximum size of particle that is to be removed by the device.
  • this spacing preferably is from 5 to 15 times the said maximum size, and more specifically is about times.
  • the length of the throat section also is correlated with the particle size and should increase with decrease of particle size, owing to the greater difficulty usually experienced in separation with decrease of particle size. It is also preferred that in the upstream and downstream sections the ratio of length thereof to width perpendicular to the plane of the plates should be not less than about 3:1 in order to give a sufficiently uniform distribution of velocity and flow.
  • the gas flow between the plates is in the form of two backto-back turbulent boundary layers, as illustrated by FIG. 5, between the two immediately-adjacent liquid films, giving a very high probability that the particles will be trapped by the liquid films and removed from the air stream.
  • the liquid can be provided with a surface tension reducing agent to increase its capture efficiency.
  • each Plate As indicated above, the spacing between the plates is correlated with the maximum size of particle to be handled by the device, and will therefore decrease for smaller particles. As illustrated by FIG. 3, the surface of each Plates, at least adjacent the leading edge thereof, may be provided with transverse ridges or corrugations to promote the capture of the particles, although this will result in an increase in pressure drop through the device.
  • a device in accordance with this aspect of the invention was constructed with a minimum spacing of about 0.016 inch between the laminae of the throat section to give a velocity ratio of 2:1.
  • the longest laminae were 30 inches in length, while the shortest laminae were 6 inches long.
  • the air velocity at the intake was 1600 feet per minute, and the pressure drop measured across the device by a manometer was 8.5 inches water gauge.
  • This device was able to remove cigar smoke fume (comprising particles in the sub-micron to colloidal size range) from an air stream to the extent that the exhaust from the device was not visible.
  • a conventional known venturi scrubber to operate with particles of this size cannot give the same efficiency of particle removal, since the air velocities become excessive.
  • the device of the invention does not require a centrifugally-operated mist-removal chamber that may always 'be provided for such known venturi scrubbers in order to deposit the water with its entrained solid material.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 The construction. of a device using plates physical barriers involves the assembly of a large number of thin sheets of different sizes in correct order and such an operation is very susceptible to error, even with a careful assembler, resulting in a device plates incorrect characteristics and reduced efficiency.
  • the assembly operation can be simplified and such errors avoided by means of the construction illustrated by FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the pipe constituting the fluid flow passage is subdivided into a plurality of units, each of which is preassembled with plates portions all of the same length.
  • the throat portion is constituted by a corresponding pipe segment 26d containing all of the plates 30 together with the central portions of the longer plates 29,
  • the laminae it is not essential for the laminae to be continuous surfaces, and instead perforated plates can be employed provided the size of the perforations is made such that the surface performs with the liquid used as if it were a continuous surface.
  • the perforated plates can for example be formed of wire or plastic mesh, preferably a woven mesh, as illustrated by FIG. 13, and a useful reduction in weight of material achieved by such use.
  • a woven mesh has the additional advantage that it will provide what is effectively a ridged or undulated surface transverse to the direction of fluid flow and the advantage of such a construction was explained above in relation to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 10 By way of illustration in the embodiment of FIG. 10 only the laminae of the segments 26a are shown as perforated, but it will be understood that any or all of the other segments can be similarly constructed.
  • each segment can be preassembled with no chance of error since all laminae segments in each pipe segment are of the same length.
  • each segment can itself be formed of one or more units or modules each of standard length in the direction of flow. For example, if each unit is of length n inches then a throat section of any length xn can easily be assembled by aligning and fastening end to end x number of pre-assembled units.
  • the lengths of the upstream and downstream portions can also be determined in the same manner. It may also be necessary to dispose each unit transverse to the immediately preceding and succeeding unit to avoid obstruction of the channels in the units.
  • the device illustrated by FIG. 11 employs a different form of physical barrier to provide the upstream throat and downstream sections, namely a plurality of perforated screens disposed transverse to the direction of flow of the fluid in the passageway.
  • the pipe segments 26a and 26g contain a number of transverse perforated sheets juxtaposed closely against one another, the spacing of immediately successive barriers in the direction of flow being such that substantially continuous films of liquid can form parallel to the direction of fluid flow under the action of the liquid surface energy, as explained above in connection with the use of perforated laminae.
  • These sheets of the segments 26a and 26g are the most coarsely perforated, so that they provide the least reduction in flow cross-sectional area of the passage.
  • the sheets of segments 26c and 26e are more finely perforated than those of 26b and 26f respectively, while the pipe segment 26d contains sheets of the finest perforation and greatest flow crosssectional area reduction to constitute the throat section.
  • each segment may be employed ahead of and after the throat section to provide the required progressive changes effective in flow cross-sectional area, each segment containing a sheet or sheets of a different degree of perforation.
  • the number of segments in the upstream and downstream sections can be quite different from one another.
  • the size of perforation in the throat section is about twice the maximum particle size to be handled by the device.
  • the sheets of section 26d comprise wire mesh screens of openings 40 ,um square, those of sections 260 and 26e are of mesh screens of 80 um openings, those of sections 26b and 26f are mesh screens of 160 um openings, and those of sections 26a and 26g are mesh screens of openings 320 am.
  • both types of physical barrier are employed, the throat section being constituted by transverse perforated sheets, while the upstream and downstream sections are constituted by longitudinally disposed flat parallel plates.
  • the invention has been particularly described as applied to a gas cleaning device, but is applicable to all cases in which a venturi-type device must be provided.
  • Other specific examples of uses for the device of the invention are as follows:
  • a gas reaction device in which the gas passing through the apparatus is brought into intimate contact with a chemical flowing over the surfaces of the physical barriers.
  • a gas reaction device in which the gas is brought into intimate contact with a solid material, such as a catalytic material, coated on the surfaces of the physical barriers.
  • a gas reaction device in which two or more separate gases are fed simultaneously to the device and are mixed therein, either alone or in combination with a solid or liquid material on the surfaces of the physical barriers.
  • a gas velocity and/or flow measuring device in which a low-ratio throat is employed and a suitable pressure detecting meter is located in the throat, such a device operating with a low overall pressure drop.
  • a device of venturi type comprising a passage member providing a passage for the flow of fluid therein in a-predetermined direction, the passage having in the direction of flow of fluid in the passage and in the stated order an upstream section, a throat section and a downstream section, the flow cross-sectional area of the passage in the upstream section decreasing progressively toward the throat section, and the flow crosssectional area in the downstream section increasing progressively away from the throat section, wherein a.
  • At least one of said upstream and downstream sections comprises a plurality of physical barriers disposed in the passage, which barriers are spaced from each other transverse to said direction of flow and decrease the flow cross-sectional area of the part of the passage in which they are located, the said change of flow crosssectional area being caused by differences in the said direction of flow of the physical lengths of the barriers in the corresponding section.
  • both of the upstream and downstream sections comprise parallel physical barriers of different physical length.
  • throat section comprises a plurality of section segments with the physical barrier segments in each section segment all of the same physical length.
  • throat section comprises a plurality of spaced parallel mesh plates.
  • the upstream section comprises a plurality of parallel barriers of different physical lengths, said upstream section comprising a plurality of section segments with the physical barrier segments in each section segment all of the same physical length.
  • downstream section comprises a plurality of parallel barriers of different physical lengths, said downstream section comprising a plurality of section segments with the physical barrier segments in each section segment all of the same physical length.
  • each said upstream and downstream section each comprise a plurality of parallel barriers of different physical lengths, each said upstream and downstream section comprising a plurality of section segments with the physical barriersegments in each section segment all of the same physical length.
  • each barrier of each of the said section segments comprises a mesh plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
US370895A 1972-12-26 1973-06-18 Venturi-type devices Expired - Lifetime US3870082A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US370895A US3870082A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-06-18 Venturi-type devices
AU62976/73A AU6297673A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-11-28 Venturi-type devices
CA187,056A CA1009568A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-11-30 Venturi-type devices
DE2361636A DE2361636A1 (de) 1972-12-26 1973-12-11 Venturi-vorrichtung
NL7317026A NL7317026A (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-12
LU69018A LU69018A1 (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-17
DD175437A DD115043A5 (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-18
FR7345168A FR2211276B3 (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-18
IL43861A IL43861A0 (en) 1972-12-26 1973-12-19 Venturi-type devices
AR251634A AR200507A1 (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-20 Dispositivos venturi utilizados en aparatos tales como purificadores de fluido y limpiadores de gas
BR10047/73A BR7310047D0 (pt) 1972-12-26 1973-12-20 Dispositivo do tipo venturi
BE139174A BE808988A (fr) 1972-12-26 1973-12-21 Dispositifs du type venturi
IT54537/73A IT1008091B (it) 1972-12-26 1973-12-21 Dispositivo a tubo di venturi per depuratori di gas scambiatori di calore e simili
JP49004330A JPS4997378A (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-25
ES421784A ES421784A1 (es) 1972-12-26 1973-12-26 Perfeccionamientos en dispositivo venturi.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31789872A 1972-12-26 1972-12-26
US370895A US3870082A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-06-18 Venturi-type devices

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US3870082A true US3870082A (en) 1975-03-11

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US370895A Expired - Lifetime US3870082A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-06-18 Venturi-type devices

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US (1) US3870082A (es)
JP (1) JPS4997378A (es)
AR (1) AR200507A1 (es)
AU (1) AU6297673A (es)
BE (1) BE808988A (es)
BR (1) BR7310047D0 (es)
CA (1) CA1009568A (es)
DD (1) DD115043A5 (es)
DE (1) DE2361636A1 (es)
ES (1) ES421784A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2211276B3 (es)
IL (1) IL43861A0 (es)
IT (1) IT1008091B (es)
LU (1) LU69018A1 (es)
NL (1) NL7317026A (es)

Cited By (23)

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US4000993A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-01-04 Micron Engineering Inc. Process for scrubbing gas streams
US4175933A (en) * 1976-10-22 1979-11-27 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Dust filter apparatus
US4192833A (en) * 1977-01-17 1980-03-11 Jgc Corporation Liquid-gas contactor and liquid-gas contact process
US4216001A (en) * 1979-01-10 1980-08-05 The Chemithon Corporation Gas scrubbing apparatus
GB2127581A (en) * 1982-09-07 1984-04-11 Raymond G Gauger Apparatus for preventing scale formation in water systems
US4834782A (en) * 1986-07-21 1989-05-30 Silva Robert E System and method for scrubbing one fluid with another fluid
US5009511A (en) * 1987-10-20 1991-04-23 Inorganic Recycling Incorporated Inorganic recycling process
US5300131A (en) * 1992-04-13 1994-04-05 Richard Donald E Compact scrubber
US5336284A (en) * 1993-03-29 1994-08-09 Compliance Systems International, Inc. Multiple throat, narrow gap venturi scrubber and method of using same
US5535989A (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-07-16 Sen; Dipak K. Liquid film producing process and apparatus for fluid-liquid contacting
US6149137A (en) * 1998-11-02 2000-11-21 Callidus Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for quenching hot flue gases
US6183527B1 (en) 1998-02-02 2001-02-06 Black & Decker Inc. Dust collector with work surface
US20020148640A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-17 Holl Technologies Company Methods of manufacture of electric circuit substrates and components having multiple electric characteristics and substrates and components so manufactured
US6471392B1 (en) 2001-03-07 2002-10-29 Holl Technologies Company Methods and apparatus for materials processing
US20030066624A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-04-10 Holl Richard A. Methods and apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US20040013587A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Holl Richard A. Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore
US20040052158A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-18 Holl Richard A. Methods and apparatus for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials
US6742774B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2004-06-01 Holl Technologies Company Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US6787246B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-09-07 Kreido Laboratories Manufacture of flat surfaced composites comprising powdered fillers in a polymer matrix
US20040188077A1 (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-09-30 Holl Technologies Company Apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US20050033069A1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2005-02-10 Holl Richard A. Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US20180154326A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Phillips 66 Company Equalizing vapor velocity for reactor inlet
US20190176072A1 (en) * 2016-06-15 2019-06-13 Jing Gao Method and system for removing fine particulates from aerosol

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JPS5231978A (en) * 1975-08-04 1977-03-10 Ducon Co Cleansing and purifying apparatus and method
DE102010009347B4 (de) * 2010-02-25 2015-09-10 Helmut Bastian Vorrichtung zum Waschen von Rauchgas

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US2700595A (en) * 1950-12-07 1955-01-25 Standard Oil Co Fluid inlet for suspended solids contacting
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US1236431A (en) * 1912-08-07 1917-08-14 Charles Gilbert Hawley Apparatus for milking cattle.
US1648708A (en) * 1925-06-01 1927-11-08 Bailey Meter Co Pressure-difference-creating device
US1702274A (en) * 1926-03-30 1929-02-19 Schmidt Ernst Determining the quantity of flowing liquids or gases
US1940790A (en) * 1930-10-18 1933-12-26 Walter S Diehl Fluid conducting passage
US2489893A (en) * 1940-01-16 1949-11-29 Bailey Meter Co Apparatus for purifying and feeding sample gas
US2466684A (en) * 1945-04-18 1949-04-12 Harold W Case Radiator core
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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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AR200507A1 (es) 1974-11-15
LU69018A1 (es) 1974-02-22
IL43861A0 (en) 1974-03-14
CA1009568A (en) 1977-05-03
JPS4997378A (es) 1974-09-13
BE808988A (fr) 1974-04-16
DE2361636A1 (de) 1974-06-27
AU6297673A (en) 1975-05-29
FR2211276A1 (es) 1974-07-19
FR2211276B3 (es) 1976-10-15
BR7310047D0 (pt) 1974-08-15
ES421784A1 (es) 1976-08-01
NL7317026A (es) 1974-06-28
IT1008091B (it) 1976-11-10
DD115043A5 (es) 1975-09-12

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