US3866412A - Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor - Google Patents

Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3866412A
US3866412A US338543A US33854373A US3866412A US 3866412 A US3866412 A US 3866412A US 338543 A US338543 A US 338543A US 33854373 A US33854373 A US 33854373A US 3866412 A US3866412 A US 3866412A
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Prior art keywords
steam
gas
engine
chamber
rotor
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US338543A
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English (en)
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Maurice Migneault
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US338543A priority Critical patent/US3866412A/en
Priority to CA188,233A priority patent/CA998843A/en
Priority to GB877574A priority patent/GB1432897A/en
Priority to JP49026113A priority patent/JPS5024645A/ja
Priority to FR7407563A priority patent/FR2220670B1/fr
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Publication of US3866412A publication Critical patent/US3866412A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A lightweight, relatively small power plant for motor vehicles combines a steam engine and a combustion gas jet engine, the boiler of the steam engine being within the combustion gas chamber for heating by the flame therein.
  • a single housing contains a single rotor with steam turbine vanes on one side and gas jet vanes on the other side.
  • the flame is ignited from a pressurized fuel and air burner, supplied with fuel and air from pressure tanks maintained at about 1,000 p.s.i. and, while heating the boiler, is introduced into the pressure chamber to drive a power shaft.
  • the steam is also introduced into the pressure chamber to supplement, or supplant, the gas flame.
  • the liquid is pre-heated in jackets around the flame and in a condenser.
  • the boiler is contained within the combustion chamber and combustion is attained by the ignition of pressurized fuel and pressurized air, both supplied by suitable pressure tanks and pumps.
  • a suitable liquid such as water, is conducted through preheat jackets coiled around the combustion gas flame in the combustion chamber, through double-walled jackets around the combustion chamber, and through a multiplicity of tubes in a condenser, the condenser having a baffled tank, pump, shower and supplementary burner for preventing freeze-up.
  • the combustion gas jet flame is directed into the pressure chamber of a motor to drive the same, while steam builds up to a predetermined head, whereupon steam is also directed into a pressure chamber of the motor to drive the same.
  • the steam and combustion gases are conducted into the cylinders of a reciprocating piston-type engine, pressure being at about 800 psi. to drive the engine.
  • a single turbine housing is provided with a single turbine rotor therin mounted on a power shaft, one side of the rotor having steam turbine vanes and the other side having gas jet vanes.
  • the combustion chamber is mounted alongside the gas jet vane side of the housing with an elongated nozzle connecting therewith, the nozzle having a valve controlled gate therein with steam jet orifices in the edge thereof.
  • the gas jets first turn the rotor, the startup being by pressurized air and fuel at about 1,000 p.s.i., so that manual rotation or rotation by external power is not required while steam builds up. Then steam is emitted through steam jet orifices against the steam vanes of the rotor, and then steam is emitted from the jet orifices in the gate to drive the gas jet side of the rotor. Once sufficient steam is built up, the gas flame is automatically lowered to permit the motive power to come from the steam, thereby reducing air pollution, noise and expenditure of fuel.
  • FIG. 1 is an end elevation of the combined steam and combustion gas motor of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the motor of FIG. 1, with parts broken away for clarity;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged, perspective view with parts broken away of the condenser of the motor of the invention, showing the pre-heat tubing, auxilliary burner and pump;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, on a reduced scale, showing the turbine and condenser of the invention assembled;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing the combined steam and combustion gas motor of the invention driving a reciprocating piston-type engine
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view showing the combustion gas burner of the invention and the pre-heat coil therearound;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation showing the combustion chamber of the invention with the boiler means therein;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view, in section on line 8-8 of FIG. 7, showing the pre-heat jacketing
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view on line 9-9 of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed, perspective view of the steam emitting retaining gate, which is pivotally mounted in the nozzle of the combustion chamber.
  • the combined gas and steam motor 20 of the invention preferably includes a single housing 21 in which a single vaned rotor 22 revolves, the rotor 22 being fast on a power shaft 23 for driving a motor vehicle or the like. While the steam turbine 24 could be separate from the gas turbine 25, one of the objects of the invention is to produce a lightweight, small, inexpensive motor and it is therefore preferred to use a single rotor and rotor housing.
  • the rotor 22 divides the housing 21 into a steam pressure chamber 26, with steam turbine blades, or vanes, 27 on one face 28 of the rotor to form steam turbine 24, and a gas jet pressure chamber 29, with gas jet turbine blades, or vanes, 31 on the other face 32 of the rotor to form gas jet turbine 25.
  • a combustion chamber 33 shown in detail in FIGS. 7 and 8, is preferably mounted alongside the gas turbine chamber 29 of housing 21 and connected thereto by the second conduit means 34 which terminates in the elongated slot nozzle, or orifice, 35 for introducing combustion gas flame into pressure chamber 29 for driving gas jet vanes 31.
  • Ignition means 36 includes a suitable spark device 37, such as a spark plug or the pair of electrodes 38 and 39 shown in FIG. 6, positioned in the path of the influent pressurized fuel and air mixture.
  • the gas fuel 41 which may be gasoline or any other desired fuel such as kerosene or the like, is contained in a pressure tank 42, and is pressurized by a pump motor 43 which may be electric or may be driven by shaft 23, and a suitable fuel pump 44, whereby pressure in tank 42 is normally about l,000 p.s.i.
  • air 45 is pressurized in a tank 46 by an air pump 47 and motor 48, which also may be electric or the pump may be driven by shaft 23, whereby pressure in air tank 46 is also at about 1,000
  • the fuel supply means described above is designated 49 and the air supply means described above is designated 51.
  • the fuel 41 pressurized at 1,000 p.s.i.
  • the air 45 pressurized at 1,000 p.s.i.
  • the fuel and air mixture 56 passing through the burner tube 57, around the cone 58 in an annular spray, and past slotted diffuser plate 59 to form an ignited pressurized annular cone flame 61.
  • the slotted nozzle 35 includes a pressure retaining gate 62, which is pivoted at 63 to open and close the nozzle 35, gate 62 being tapered and terminating in a relatively sharp free terminal edge, or downstream edge, 64.
  • An integral arm 65 (FIG. 9) permits tension adjustment by means of coil spring 66 and the rotatable tension rod 67, turning of the rod 67 in its seat 68 by its handle 69 increasing or decreasing spring tension.
  • a cylinder 71 and reciprocable piston head 72 and piston rod 73 is operable on arm 65, the tip 74 thereof being normally out of contact therewith and held in non-contact position by air pressure at 1,000 p.s.i. in line 80 from air supply means 51.
  • a spring 146 in cylinder 71 urges the tip 74 outwardlyat about 800 p.s.i. so that, if air pressure falls below 600-700 p.s.i. in air line 147 of air supply means 51, the spring 146 will open the gate .62 to provide a pressure relief outlet.
  • the coil spring 66 through the leverage of arm 65 exerts a pull of about 750 p.s.i. to keep gate 62 closed, unless pressure builds up in chamber 29 to 800 p.s.i. or more, or unless lack of air pressure causes spring 146 to override spring 66 and open the gate.
  • the pressurized flame 61 will build up gas pressure in chamber 29 to overcome spring 66 and open gate 62 to the position shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 at about 800 p.s.i., with hot combustion gases free to pass through nozzle 35 and drive the vanes 31.
  • the control means 121 through control box 137, will override the mechanical throttle if pressure in the combustion chamber rises to above 850 p.s.i., or if temperature rises unduly as sensed by guages 138 or 139 and will automatically close shut-off valves 124 and 125 in the fuel and air supply systems.
  • Boiler means 75 is located within the combustion chamber 33 in the form of a plurality of coiled, flash boiler tubes 76, in the path of the flame 61 to be heated thereby. Boiler means 75 is supplied with a steam generating liquid 93, which may be water, with a suitable anti-freeze therein, or any other desirable liquid.
  • the liquid 93 is pre-heated in a coil 78 encircling the flame 61 within combustion chamber 33 and in the jacket 79 formed between the double walls 81 and 82 of the combustion chamber 33.
  • the housing 21 includes an outwardly flared effluent passage 83 in which liquid tubes 84 are closely packed for pre-heating the liquid.
  • the spent expanded steam and the exhaust combustion gases are directed through the condenser means 85, past the liquid containing pre-heat tubes 86, then successively over and under the vertical baffles 87, 88, 89 and 91, which guide the steam down below the level 92 of the liquid 93 in the tank 94, thereby condensing the steam and washing foreign particles or other polluting matter from the gases.
  • the liquid tubes 86 are connected to the liquid tubes 95 below liquid level 92 in tank 94 for pre-heating the liquid.
  • Radiator means 96 with a suitable mesh, or grill, 97, may be provided, the liquid 93 circulated by heat convection between tank 94 and meshed grill 97 by suitable pipes indicated diagrammatically at 99.
  • the liquid 93 is supplied into the tubes 76, 84 and 95 and into the pre-heat coils and jackets from inlet 101, through high pressure pump 102 at about 800 p.s.i., and preferably a pump 104 also supplies liquid to a shower 105 in the upper portion of tank 94 to assist in condensing the steam.
  • a separate fuel burner means 106 is provided within an enclosure 107 under the tank 94 of the condenser means 85 for use in cold weather to assure that the liquid 93 does not freeze in the tank 94.
  • the boiler means 75 is connected by first conduit means 108, in the form of a plurality of tubes 109 to a plurality of steam jet orifices 110 arranged to drive the steam vanes 27 in the steam pressure chamber 26 of housing 21.
  • third conduit means 111 is provided to connect boiler means 75 through the hollow pivot rod 112 to a plurality of steam jet orifices 113 in the sharp tapered terminal edge 64 of the pressure retaining gate 62 on the combustion chamber side of the rotor.
  • the steam is thus introduced directly against the vanes within the pressure chamber 29, rather than being mixed with the combustion gases in advance of the pressure chamber as in the prior art.
  • a predetermined head within boiler means 75 such as about 800 p.s.i.
  • steam is not only jetted against the steam turbine vanes 27 in steam pressure chamber 26, but is also jetted against the gas turbine vanes 31 in gas pressure chamber 29 through the orifices 113 in the gate 62.
  • the fuel and air supply to the burner 57 is reduced to permit the motor to run mainly on steam, thereby reducing pollution while economizing on fuel consumption.
  • the fuel pump motor 43 and air pump motor 48 are steam operated engines which are supplied with steam by pipes such as at 114 to motor 48, and pipe 115 to motor 43 leading from the jacket 79.
  • Motor 43 also drives a liquid pump 116 which circulates liquid from the jacket 117 around housing 21 through pipe 118 to the coiled tube 84 in the passage 83.
  • the air pump 47 is a first stage supplemented by a second stage pump 119, also driven by motor 48.
  • Valve control means 121 is provided, including a control box 137, solenoid valves 122 and 123, and temperature guages 138, pressure guages 139 and a suitable electric circuit for actuating the valves to operate the engine as described below.
  • the free terminal edge of each blade, or vane, 27 or 31 includes an enlarged bead 126 and the blades 31 are alternately long and short and generally radial, as at 127 and 128, with a peripheral vane 129, angularly disposed to the radial direction of the short vanes at the outer ends thereof.
  • a two-way valve 131 controls the pump motor 43, and a similar valve 132 controls the air motor 48.
  • the motor 20 is started by pressing a start switch 133 in circuit 134, having a battery 135 and the electrodes 38 and 39 therein, to ignite the flame 61.
  • the fuel tank 42 and the air tank 46 will be pressurized at about 1,000 p.s.i., so that opening throttle valves 124 and 125 will cause the fuel mixture to jet out in a cone from burner 57 to create the hot combustion gas flame 61 in the combustion chamber 33.
  • the pressure in chamber 33 will rise to about 800 p.s.i., the liquid 93 in the system being initially cold, and through the flash boiler means 75, and the pre-heaters commencing to heat up.
  • the solenoid actuated steam valves 122 for the gas side of the rotor and the solenoid actuated steam valves 136 on the steam side of the rotor remain closed, while the gate 62 is open, and while the flame 61 drives the rotor 22 to provide initial power.
  • steam pressure builds up to a predetermined head sufficient to run the fuel pump and the air pump and to commence to jet out of the orifices in the edge of the gate to supplement the flame 61 in driving the rotor.
  • the solenoid valves 136 open to cause steam to jet out of the orifices on the steam side of the rotor to give more power.
  • the throttle is closed, the combustion level of flame 61 is lowered and the steam solenoid valves will close because steam pressure is reduced. Upon opening the throttle, the combustion gas flame and power will increase first, with the steam pressure increasing more slowly.
  • the principle of the invention may be applied to a reciprocating engine 140, having cylinders 141 and pistons 142, driving a power shaft 23, the combustion gas flame or jet 61 being introduced into the cylinders as at 143 from the combustion chamber 33, and the steam being introduced into the cylinders as at 144 from the boiler means 75.
  • the steam does not corrode the combustion chamber and is mixed with the gas jet only in the cylinders, which are of stainless steel to prevent corrosion.
  • the pistons 142 constitute moving parts of a combined gas and steam motor in that they are movable by either steam, or gas, or by both.
  • a lightweight, mobile combined gas and steam motor for vehicles comprising:
  • a steam turbine and a gas jet turbine both included in a single housing, having a single vaned rotor fast on a power shaft, for driving said shaft;
  • said single rotor having steam turbine vanes on one side to form a steam turbine chamber and having gas jet vanes on the other side to form a gas jet turbine chamber in said single housing;
  • fuel supply means and air supply means each including a pressure tank supplying start-up pressure, said means connected to said combustion chamber for producing hot combustion gases therein while heating said boiler means to produce steam;
  • first conduit means connecting said boiler means to said steam turbine, said means including valved jet orifices for directing steam onto the said steam turbine vanes of said rotor;
  • second conduit means connecting said combustion chamber to said combustion gas jet turbine, said means including a valved slot orifice for directing a jet of said combustion gas against the gas jet turbine vanes of said rotor;
  • valve control means for initially opening only said valved gas slot orifice, while steam builds up, then opening said valved steam jet orifice to drive, at a predetermined head of steam, said steam rotor vanes, and then opening said valved jet orifices of said third conduit means to drive said gas rotor vanes while reducing the generation of said combustion gas while said predetermined head of steam is maintained.
  • said combustion chamber is mounted alongside the gas turbine chamber of said single housing and is connected thereto by said valved slot orifice of said second conduit means;
  • said chamber includes an elongated gate, pivotally mounted, to open and close said valved slot oriface, to emit or retain said combustion gas.
  • said elongated gate is of tapered configuration, terminating in a relatively sharp downstream edge, and the steam jet orifices of said third conduit means are in said leading edge.
  • said housing includes double walls around said combustion chamber forming a water jacket for preheating the water in said boiler means.
  • said fuel supply means and said air supply means each include a pressure tank adapted to maintain said fuel and air at about 1,000 p.s.i., whereby said fuel and air are introduced into said combustion chamber for ignition at said pressure.
  • said combustion chamber includes a cone-shaped burner, having a slotted diffuser plate at the free terminal end thereof for emitting an annular stream of combined fuel and air for forming an annular flame;
  • said combustion chamber includes a helically configured coil of water tubing encircling said annular flame, for pre-heating the water in said boiler means.
  • said housing includes an outwardly-flared effluent passage leading tangentially from both the steam turbine chamber and the gas jet turbine chamber of said housing for expansion of said steam, said flared passage having a plurality of steam pipes therein for absorbing waste heat topre-heat the water in said boiler means.
  • condenser means operatively connected to said housing for receiving the spent steam from said steam turbine chamber and the spent products of combustion from said jet turbine chamber, said condenser means including a liquid coolant tank having a series of spaced dependent baffles requiring said steam and products to repeatedly pass therebelow and under the level of the coolant, in order to reach the discharge end of said condenser means.
  • each said vane on said rotor includes an enlarged head on its outer edge
  • said vanes include a first set of alternately long and short radially extending blades and a second set of blades angularly disposed to the radii of said rotor at the end of said short blades, for intercepting the flow of fluid along and between said first set of blades.
  • a combined mobile gas and steam motor for vehicles comprising:
  • said rotor dividing said housing into a steam engine and steam turbine chamber on one side and a gas engine and gas jet chamber on the other side, said engines jointly driving said shaft;
  • pressurized gas fuel supply means and pressurized air supply means each including pressure tanks at about 1,000 p.s.i., connected to said combustion chamber for initially producing combustion gases therein to supply said gas engine with pressurized gas at 1,000 psi. while heating said boiler means to produce steam;
  • first conduit means connecting said boiler means to said steam engine for driving said shaft
  • valve control means for initially introducing ignited combustion gases into said motor, under pressure from said tanks, for moving said parts while steam buildsup in said boiler means and then introducing steam, at a predetermined head, into said motor with said gases for also moving said parts.
  • third conduit means connecting said boiler means to said gas jet chamber for introducing steam thereinto for driving the gas jet side of said vaned rotor.
  • said combustion chamber is mounted alongside said gas jet turbine side of said rotor and connected thereto by an elongated, slotted nozzle orifice having a pivoted gate therein for opening and closing said orifice.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US338543A 1973-03-06 1973-03-06 Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor Expired - Lifetime US3866412A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US338543A US3866412A (en) 1973-03-06 1973-03-06 Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor
CA188,233A CA998843A (en) 1973-03-06 1973-12-14 Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor
GB877574A GB1432897A (en) 1973-03-06 1974-02-27 Combined combustion gas and steam engine
JP49026113A JPS5024645A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-03-06 1974-03-06
FR7407563A FR2220670B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-03-06 1974-03-06

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US338543A US3866412A (en) 1973-03-06 1973-03-06 Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor

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US3866412A true US3866412A (en) 1975-02-18

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US338543A Expired - Lifetime US3866412A (en) 1973-03-06 1973-03-06 Lightweight, small, combined gas and steam motor

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US (1) US3866412A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS5024645A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA998843A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2220670B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1432897A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54152506A (en) * 1978-05-19 1979-11-30 Wareesu Naito Ltd Device for treating sheet with radiation
JPS5783683U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1980-11-10 1982-05-24
DE102015116063A1 (de) 2015-09-23 2017-03-23 LL Consulio d.o.o. Verbrennungskraftmaschine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US926157A (en) * 1903-09-19 1909-06-29 Carl W Weiss Turbine-engine.
US933080A (en) * 1906-11-28 1909-09-07 Simon Lake Heat-engine plant.
US1509622A (en) * 1919-04-17 1924-09-23 Trent Process Corp Power plant
US2608058A (en) * 1946-06-10 1952-08-26 Leon J Geeraert Combustion chamber with sliding valve controlling fuel, air, and water admission
US2911789A (en) * 1958-08-27 1959-11-10 Gen Electric Regulating system for steam-gas turbine powerplant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US926157A (en) * 1903-09-19 1909-06-29 Carl W Weiss Turbine-engine.
US933080A (en) * 1906-11-28 1909-09-07 Simon Lake Heat-engine plant.
US1509622A (en) * 1919-04-17 1924-09-23 Trent Process Corp Power plant
US2608058A (en) * 1946-06-10 1952-08-26 Leon J Geeraert Combustion chamber with sliding valve controlling fuel, air, and water admission
US2911789A (en) * 1958-08-27 1959-11-10 Gen Electric Regulating system for steam-gas turbine powerplant

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JPS5024645A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-03-15
FR2220670B1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1978-06-09
GB1432897A (en) 1976-04-22
CA998843A (en) 1976-10-26
FR2220670A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-10-04

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