US3865175A - Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal - Google Patents

Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3865175A
US3865175A US328613A US32861373A US3865175A US 3865175 A US3865175 A US 3865175A US 328613 A US328613 A US 328613A US 32861373 A US32861373 A US 32861373A US 3865175 A US3865175 A US 3865175A
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Prior art keywords
metal
mould
casting
layer
stream
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Expired - Lifetime
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US328613A
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English (en)
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Friedrich Listhuber
Thorwald Fastner
Ernst Bachner
Otto Hoyer
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/118—Refining the metal by circulating the metal under, over or around weirs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal

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  • ABSTRACT The invention relates to a process for separating nonmetallic inclusions from hot liquid metal and to a casting tube for carrying out such process.
  • the method is employed in continuous casting, in which the metal is permitted to flow into a water-cooled mould, if desired via a tundish, whereupon the bar is drawn out of the mould and further cooled.
  • the metal when flowing through the tundish and/or when entering the mould, is deflected under formation of at least one metal stream directed in upward direction.
  • the length a of this metal stream amounts to from 3 to 30 cm and its speed v is adjusted to increase propor' tionally thereto in a range of at least 3.5 to 31 cm/sec up to maximally 17.5 to 45 cm/sec so that at the surface of the metal or of the slag or casting powder layer a wave is formed.
  • SHEET 30F 4 PROCESS FOR SEPARATING NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS FROM HOT LIQUID METAL The invention relates to a process for separating nonmetallic inclusions from hot liquid metal, in particular Al-killed, soft steel, in a continuous casting plant, in which the metal, if desired after passing through a tundish in which a metal sump is formed covered by a slag layer, is permitted to flow into a water-cooled mould, whose casting level is covered with a slag layer or with a casting powder, whereupon the bar is drawn out of the mould and further cooled, and to a casting tube for carrying out such process.
  • Non-metallic inclusions decrease the workability of metals, lead to surface flaws in the rolled product and impair the mechanical properties of the end product.
  • soft, Al-killed steel which is further processed to cold-rolled sheets which are used as autobody sheets in the car industry, it is necessary to keep the content of non-metallic inclusions as low as possible because otherwise the high demands placed in the shapeability and surface quality cannot be met.
  • Nonmetallic inclusions in Al-killed steels are substantially Al oxides occurring in the desoxidation of the steel. It is also possible that the aluminum is oxidized and thus aluminum oxides are formed when the aluminum containing steel gets into contact with air, e.g. when the steel stream runs into a mould or in a tundish. Although these non-metallic inclusions have a lower specific weight than the liquid steel, the nonmetallic particles do not separate by themselves by floating up; rather, a considerable amount of these particles remains in the steel and thus impairs the quality of the sheets made of such steel.
  • the invention is aimed at avoiding the described difficulties and disadvantages and, in a process of the kind deflned in the introduction, resides in that the metal, when flowing through the tundish and/or when entering the mould is deflected under formation of at least one metal stream directed in upward direction, the length of this metal stream directed in upward direction amounting to from 3 to 30 cm and its speed being adjusted to increase proportionally thereto in a range of at least 3.5 to 31 cm/sec up to maximally 17.5 to 45 cm/sec (field A in FIG. 8), so that at the surface of the metal or of the slag or casting powder layer a wave or vault is formed.
  • the invention utilizes in a singular manner the properties of the low wettability and of the small specific weight of the non-metallic particles as compared to liquid steel for the separation: the current of the metal directed from below in upward direction is to guide to the surface each metal particle and each slag particle, but the current must not be so strong that the slag layer would be torn up or that a turbulence might arise at the surface whereby particles might be drawn downwardly.
  • the invention an optimal separation effect is achieved.
  • the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out by employing a casting tube which immerses below the surface of the metal level in the water-cooled continuous casting mould, the casting tube head having a closed bottom and at least one laterally extending canal for deflecting the metal, with the measure that the total metal is permitted to flow through at least one canal of refractory material which joins the laterally extending canal of the casting tube head and extends vertically upwardly, the length of the canal extending in upward direction being such that the directed path length of the metal stream between the deflection and the mouth of the canal amounts to at least 4 cm and that the free path length of the metal stream between the mouth of the canal and the metal surface amounts to from 3 to 30 cm.
  • a casting tube suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention is provided with a casting tube head with a closed bottom and at least one canal extending from the inner bore of the casting tube in lateral direction for deflecting the metal, and is characterized in that the laterally extending canal is joined by at least one canal of refractory material extending vertically in upward direction and having a length of at least 4 cm.
  • the cross section of the canal extending in upward direction or of the canals extending in upward direction in the casting tube head is dimensioned such that for a specific casting output the chosen metal stream speed is obtained.
  • This canal cross section may be calculated from the relation saying that the casting output is equal to the product of canal cross section and desired metal stream speed.
  • the casting tube according to the invention is shaped in a manner that in the casting tube head two canals extending vertically upwardly are arranged diametrically opposed to each other relative to the central inner bore of the casting tube.
  • reference steelsteclsteclsteeldata type 1 type 2 type 3 type 4 C 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.18 Si 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.20 Mn 0.25 0.30 0.50 1.40 Al 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
  • FIG. 1 is a schematical vertical sectional view of a casting ladle, a tundish and the upper part of a continuous casting plant.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show details of a casting tube head with two canals extending vertically upwardly, FIG. 2 being a vertical sectional view, and FIG. 3 a horizontal sectional view along the line 111-111 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a similar representation as FIG. 1 for an embodiment of the process according to the invention in which a primary separation of non-metallic particles takes place in the tundish and a secondary separation takes place in the continuous casting mould.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which a casting tube according to the invention is directly joined to a casting ladle.
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view along the line VIVI of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a casting tube with a single canal extending vertically upwardly.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the connection between the current speed of the metal stream and its free" path length a.
  • numeral 1 denotes the lower part of a casting ladle from which e.g. aluminum killed steel runs in a stream 2 into a tundish 3.
  • the steel stored in the tundish 3 is covered by a casting powder or slag layer 4 in order to prevent heat losses or the access of air, respectively.
  • two casting tubes 6,7 are inserted side by side, whose casting tube heads 8,9 are illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the inner spaces of the casting tubes 6,7 are connected by means of horizontal bores or canals 10 with canals 12,13 extending vertically upwardly, so that in the casting tube head a deflection of the metal streams by 180 takes place.
  • the four metal streams flowing out in upward
  • the distance a is adjusted by lifting or lowering, respectively, the
  • tundish as indicated in FIG. 1 by a double arrow.
  • the non-metallic particles are absorbed and held by the slag or casting powder layer 18 as soon as they get to the surface and get in contact with said layer.
  • the vertical guiding path b in the vertical canals 12,13 of the casting tube head is not to be shorter than 4 cm; b thus may be referred to as directed, and a as free" path length of the metal streams.
  • the metal stream speed v at the exit of the metal from the canals I2, 13 is defined by the casting output or throughflow amount/ time unit and the canal cross section, i.e. the product of canal cross section and metal stream speed v corresponds to the casting output.
  • This metal stream speed may be adjusted for a predetermined casting output by adequate dimensioning of the canal cross section.
  • v is obviously also dependent on the ferrostatic pressure, i.e. on the height difference between the casting level 19 and the surface of the metal sump in the tundish 3.
  • An adjustment of the metal stream speed is necessary in order to obtain the desired separation effect. It has to be adjusted to the distance a as explained above.
  • the connection between a and v will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 8.
  • Numeral 21 denotes a water-cooled copper mould from which a bar having a liquid core 22 and an already solidified shell 23 is drawn out and further cooled.
  • Numeral 24 denotes supporting and guiding rolls.
  • stoppers (not shown) to be actuated by rods may be provided with which the casting tubes 6,7 may be closed in a known manner.
  • a stopper may be provided for regulating the stream 2.
  • 1 is preferably used for the production of steel slabs having a width of more than 1.5 m from steels comprising up to 0.20 C, 0.25 to 1.60 Mn, 0.02 to 0.1 Al and, if desired, up to 0.30 Si, balance iron and customary impurities, destined for the production of cold rolled sheets with highest surface quality, in particular of sheets to be subjected to cold shaping.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment.
  • the tundish 25 is provided with a cover 26 having an opening 27 through which the steel 2 runs into the tundish 25 from a casting ladle (not shown).
  • a tubular body 28 of refractory material is provided in the tundish 25 which surrounds the metal stream 2 at a distance. This body has close to its bottom 29 a lateral opening 30, and the liquid steel is deflected by 180 in upward direction by means of a canal 32 extending vertically upwardly and formed by a shoulder 31. The metal thus deflected is permitted to flow out towards the surface of the metal with such a speed that a vault 33 is formed on the metal.
  • the level 20 defined by the mouth of the canal 32 isas already described in connection with FIG. l-at a distance a of from 3 to 30 cm below the metal level 19 in the tundish 25.
  • the guided path length of the metal stream in the canal 32 is denoted with b and amounts to at least 4 cm.
  • the speed v is adjusted in dependence on the distance a as has already been explained in connection with FIG. lso that the slag or casting powder layer 4 is not ruptured.
  • Part of the non-metallic particles contained in the steel is flushed into the slag or casting powder layer 4 and separated from the steel. This phase may be referred to as primary separation.
  • the remainder of the non-metallic particles or inclusions is separated by employing a casting tube 35 according to the invention which extends into the mould 21.
  • This phase may be referred to as secondary separation.
  • the casting speed may be regulated by means of a stopper 34.
  • vaults 38,39 covering relatively big areas are formed into which the non-metallic particles are flushed whereupon they are absorbed by the casting powder layer 18.
  • the length b of the vertical canals 12,13 in the casting tube head 36, corresponding to the directed path length of the metal streams amounts to at least 4 cm.
  • the casting tube is directly connected with the bottom of a steel casting ladle l which is provided with a liftable and lowerable stopper 34 for regulating the steel supply into the continuous casting mould 21.
  • the casting tube 35 may also be designed in two parts, the connecting line being suitably in the area of the ladle bottom.
  • a new casting tube may be connected with the ladle by means of suitable connecting means, e.g. by a bayonet catch. a, the distance between the casting level 19 and the level of the casting tube outflow holes, again amounts to from 3 to 30 cm, and b to at least 4 cm.
  • FIG. 6 shows the preferred arrangement of the casting tube head 36 relative to the horizontal longitudinal axis 40 of the slab mould 21: the longitudinal axis 41 of the casting tube 35 and the axes of the vertical canals 12,13 intersect the longitudinal axis 40, i.e. all axes lie in a common vertical plane.
  • the casting tube 35 and the casting tube head 36 are illustrated at an enlarged scale as compared to the continuous casting mould 21 and the ladle 1, respectively, so as to render the details better visible.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 has the great advantage that no tundish need be used; thus, it becomes possible e.g. to adjust the temperature of the liquid metal in the casting ladle lower than when a tundish is used which causes heat losses.
  • lfa tundish it is also possible to arrange above the tundish a casting ladle l with its casting tube 35, as shown in FIG. 5, in a manner that the steel is deflected in the tundish below the metal surface and is permitted to flow in upward direction.
  • the tubular hollow body 28 illustrated in FIG. 4 with the lateral exit opening 30, the shoulder 31 and the canal 32 extending vertically upwardly formed thus, may be replaced by the casting tube 35.
  • each individual metal stream directed in upward direction obtains a specific speed v lying in a certain range in dependence on its free path length a.
  • this connection is illustrated.
  • the free path length of the metal stream or of the metal streams is plotted in cm, which length corresponds to the distance a, and on the ordinate, the speed v in cm/sec.
  • the appurtenant speed v is to lie according to the invention in the shaded field A.
  • the speed thus :may amount to from 3.5 to 17.5 cm/sec and increase proportionally up to maximally 31.0 to 45 cm/sec when a reaches its greatest value.
  • the separation would be insufficient (field C)
  • the upper limit 47 is transgressed
  • the speed would be too great, and turbulence currents would occur at the metal surface so that the slag particles would be drawn downwardly.
  • the separation would be likewise insufficient (field B). Slight variations of a and v may occur during casting; this, however, is no disadvantage, provided that a and v are maintained in the field A of FIG. 4, which is possible in normal casting operation without any difficulties.
  • the distance a in the mould is adjusted by lifting or lowering the tundish 3, 25 or the casting ladle 1 relative to the casting level 19.
  • the distance a is adjusted prior to casting by filling the tundish to the level 19, and changed during casting by changing the supplied steel amount relative to the amount of metal flowing out into the mould 21.
  • the necessary cross section of the vertically upwardly extending canals 12,13 in the casting head 36 is calculated with the aid of the casting output and consideration of the ferrostatic pressure, which in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 corresponds to the level difference between the metal level 19 in the tundish and the casting level 19 in the continuous casting mould 21, and then the canal cross sections are dimensioned. The same applies to the dimensioning of the canals of all other casting tube heads illustrated in the embodiments.
  • the canal cross sections may have any desired shape; they may be oval, round or angular. This also applies to the canal 32 of the tubular body 28 in FIG. 4. In this case, within the tubular body 281 a metal level is adjusted of about the same height as in the remaining part of the tundish.
  • the improvement comprising deflecting the liquid metal, when it enters the mould, into at least one stream of metal, the stream originating at a predetermined distance of from 3 to 30 cm below the surface of the liquid metal in the mould and being directed in an upward direction to impinge against the layer of slag and form a wave in the layer of slag without previously contacting any lateral portion of a solidifying shell of the bar of metal, the speed of the stream of metal being adjusted to remain within a range of from 3.5 to 31 cm/sec when the predetermined distance is 3 cm and linearly increasing with distance to a range of from 17.5 to 45 cm/sec when the predetermined distance is 30 cm.
  • the length of the upwardly extending canal being at least 4 cm between the top ofthe laterally extending canal and the mouth of the upwardly extending canal, the length of the stream of metal between the mouth of the upwardly extending canal and the surface of the metal in the mould being from 3 to cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US328613A 1972-02-03 1973-02-01 Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal Expired - Lifetime US3865175A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85872A AT323918B (de) 1972-02-03 1972-02-03 Verfahren zur abscheidung von nichtmetallischen einschlussen aus schmelzflüssigem metall und giessrohr zur durchführung des verfahrens

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US (1) US3865175A (xx)
JP (1) JPS5334565B2 (xx)
AT (1) AT323918B (xx)
BE (1) BE794857A (xx)
BR (1) BR7300786D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA972919A (xx)
CH (1) CH547136A (xx)
FR (1) FR2170151B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1423223A (xx)
IT (1) IT978726B (xx)
SE (1) SE395630B (xx)
SU (1) SU506273A3 (xx)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4386958A (en) * 1981-05-04 1983-06-07 Olin Corporation Process and flotation box for inclusion removal
US5160480A (en) * 1991-06-03 1992-11-03 Usx Corporation Tundish turbulence suppressor pad
US6019158A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-02-01 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting using pour cup reservoir with inverted melt feed gate
US6125915A (en) * 1994-03-30 2000-10-03 Golden Aluminum Company Method of and apparatus for cleaning a continuous caster
US6354364B1 (en) 1994-03-30 2002-03-12 Nichols Aluminum-Golden, Inc. Apparatus for cooling and coating a mold in a continuous caster
US6453979B1 (en) 1998-05-14 2002-09-24 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting using melt reservoir loop
US6640877B2 (en) 1998-05-14 2003-11-04 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting with improved melt filling
US20100059197A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2010-03-11 Takehiko Toh Continuous casting method of molten metal
WO2011056078A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Norsk Hydro Asa Metal filling arrangement for continuous casting equipment
CN107116207A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-09-01 重庆科技学院 一种铁水接斗防溅装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2442187A1 (de) * 1974-09-02 1976-03-11 Mannesmann Ag Tauchausguss zur verwendung in stranggiessanlagen
FR2494963A1 (fr) * 1980-12-03 1982-06-04 Bel Fromageries Procede de fabrication d'une matiere premiere alimentaire a base de levures
EP1506827B1 (de) * 2003-08-01 2005-10-05 Hof Te Fiennes N.V. Giesssystem und Verfahren zum Vergiessen von NE-Metallschmelzen

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2225414A (en) * 1937-04-01 1940-12-17 Junghans Siegfried Method of treating molten substances, such as metals
US3517726A (en) * 1969-08-04 1970-06-30 Inland Steel Co Method of introducing molten metal into a continuous casting mold
US3578064A (en) * 1968-11-26 1971-05-11 Inland Steel Co Continuous casting apparatus
US3587719A (en) * 1968-12-21 1971-06-28 Mannesmann Ag Molten metal supply apparatus for preventing oxide contamination in continuously cast steel products
US3648761A (en) * 1969-07-29 1972-03-14 Mannesmann Ag Apparatus for distributing molten steel in a mold for a continuous casting
US3703924A (en) * 1970-10-09 1972-11-28 Timken Roller Bearing Co Apparatus for introducing molten metal into a strand casting mold
US3741277A (en) * 1970-12-14 1973-06-26 Voest Ag Process for continuously operating a continuous casting plant
US3814167A (en) * 1971-06-04 1974-06-04 Es Alpine Montan Ag Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2225414A (en) * 1937-04-01 1940-12-17 Junghans Siegfried Method of treating molten substances, such as metals
US3578064A (en) * 1968-11-26 1971-05-11 Inland Steel Co Continuous casting apparatus
US3587719A (en) * 1968-12-21 1971-06-28 Mannesmann Ag Molten metal supply apparatus for preventing oxide contamination in continuously cast steel products
US3648761A (en) * 1969-07-29 1972-03-14 Mannesmann Ag Apparatus for distributing molten steel in a mold for a continuous casting
US3517726A (en) * 1969-08-04 1970-06-30 Inland Steel Co Method of introducing molten metal into a continuous casting mold
US3703924A (en) * 1970-10-09 1972-11-28 Timken Roller Bearing Co Apparatus for introducing molten metal into a strand casting mold
US3741277A (en) * 1970-12-14 1973-06-26 Voest Ag Process for continuously operating a continuous casting plant
US3814167A (en) * 1971-06-04 1974-06-04 Es Alpine Montan Ag Process for separating non-metallic inclusions from hot liquid metal

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4386958A (en) * 1981-05-04 1983-06-07 Olin Corporation Process and flotation box for inclusion removal
US5160480A (en) * 1991-06-03 1992-11-03 Usx Corporation Tundish turbulence suppressor pad
US6354364B1 (en) 1994-03-30 2002-03-12 Nichols Aluminum-Golden, Inc. Apparatus for cooling and coating a mold in a continuous caster
US6125915A (en) * 1994-03-30 2000-10-03 Golden Aluminum Company Method of and apparatus for cleaning a continuous caster
US6640877B2 (en) 1998-05-14 2003-11-04 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting with improved melt filling
US6453979B1 (en) 1998-05-14 2002-09-24 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting using melt reservoir loop
US6019158A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-02-01 Howmet Research Corporation Investment casting using pour cup reservoir with inverted melt feed gate
US20100059197A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2010-03-11 Takehiko Toh Continuous casting method of molten metal
US8210239B2 (en) * 2006-12-05 2012-07-03 Nippon Steel Corporation Continuous casting method of molten metal
WO2011056078A1 (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Norsk Hydro Asa Metal filling arrangement for continuous casting equipment
CN102665965A (zh) * 2009-11-06 2012-09-12 诺尔斯海德公司 用于连续铸造设备的金属填充装置
CN102665965B (zh) * 2009-11-06 2016-06-15 诺尔斯海德公司 用于连续铸造设备的金属填充装置
CN107116207A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-09-01 重庆科技学院 一种铁水接斗防溅装置

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CH547136A (de) 1974-03-29
FR2170151A1 (xx) 1973-09-14
SE395630B (sv) 1977-08-22
BE794857A (fr) 1973-05-29
CA972919A (en) 1975-08-19
FR2170151B1 (xx) 1976-09-10
JPS4888030A (xx) 1973-11-19
IT978726B (it) 1974-09-20
JPS5334565B2 (xx) 1978-09-21
AT323918B (de) 1975-08-11
BR7300786D0 (pt) 1973-09-18
GB1423223A (en) 1976-02-04
SU506273A3 (ru) 1976-03-05

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