US3864679A - Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna - Google Patents

Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3864679A
US3864679A US347506A US34750673A US3864679A US 3864679 A US3864679 A US 3864679A US 347506 A US347506 A US 347506A US 34750673 A US34750673 A US 34750673A US 3864679 A US3864679 A US 3864679A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wave energy
phase
antenna
ports
supplied
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Expired - Lifetime
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US347506A
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter W Hannan
Harold A Wheeler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Aerospace Inc
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Hazeltine Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hazeltine Corp filed Critical Hazeltine Corp
Priority to US347506A priority Critical patent/US3864679A/en
Priority to GB650674A priority patent/GB1425143A/en
Priority to CA192,578A priority patent/CA1036709A/en
Priority to AU65706/74A priority patent/AU490977B2/en
Priority to SE7403000A priority patent/SE394542B/sv
Priority to IL44497A priority patent/IL44497A/en
Priority to NL7404272A priority patent/NL7404272A/xx
Priority to FR7410816A priority patent/FR2224886A1/fr
Priority to JP49037311A priority patent/JPS49131360A/ja
Priority to BR2611/74A priority patent/BR7402611D0/pt
Priority to IT42615/74A priority patent/IT1010887B/it
Priority to DE2415899A priority patent/DE2415899A1/de
Priority to CS742400A priority patent/CS187413B2/cs
Priority to DD177658A priority patent/DD112005A5/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3864679A publication Critical patent/US3864679A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/08—Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G01S1/38—Systems for determining direction or position line using comparison of [1] the phase of the envelope of the change of frequency, due to Doppler effect, of the signal transmitted by an antenna moving, or appearing to move, in a cyclic path with [2] the phase of a reference signal, the frequency of this reference signal being synchronised with that of the cyclic movement, or apparent cyclic movement, of the antenna
    • G01S1/40—Systems for determining direction or position line using comparison of [1] the phase of the envelope of the change of frequency, due to Doppler effect, of the signal transmitted by an antenna moving, or appearing to move, in a cyclic path with [2] the phase of a reference signal, the frequency of this reference signal being synchronised with that of the cyclic movement, or apparent cyclic movement, of the antenna the apparent movement of the antenna being produced by cyclic sequential energisation of fixed antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Disclosed is an antenna system for radiating a frequency coded or Doppler pattern of wave energy into a region of space using a multiple-beam antenna unit.
  • the system radiates a pattern in which the radiated frequency varies as a function of angular direction from the antenna unit.
  • the system uses an antenna unit capable of radiating simultaneous multiple beams and having a separate input port associated with each beam.
  • the frequency coded pattern is achieved during a time period by simultaneously supplying wave energy signals having a varying phase in relation to each other to the antenna input ports.
  • FIG. 2 PHASE PERIOD I 0/ SIGNAL A 0 Q SIGNAL B 0 SIGNAL 0 (REFERENCE) TIME FIG. 2
  • the present invention relates to antenna systems ra diating Doppler coded patterns using multiple beam antennas, one form of which is described in co-pending US. application Ser. No. 347,505. filed Apr. 3. I973. entitled Antenna System For Radiating Multiple Planar Beams," which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application.
  • This invention relates to systems for determining the angular position of a target with respect to a reference location.
  • this invention relates to systems which use a frequency coded pattern to perform angle measurement, also known as Doppler systems.
  • a Doppler system an antenna radiates wave energy into a region of space in a pattern wherein the frequency of radiation varies with one of the angular components of direction from the antenna.
  • Frequency coded radiation has in the past been achieved by radiating wave energy sequentially from the individual antenna elements of an array. This causes apparent motion of the radiation source, resulting in a Doppler frequency shift which depends on the relative angle of the target with respect to the antenna.
  • Some deficiencies associated with'the sequentially excited array antenna for generating Doppler signals v are difficulty in controlling beam shape and complexity in construction.
  • a multiple beam antenna radiating a different frequency on each beam would appear to be an attractive method for radiating a Doppler coded pattern. This method could use a simpler antenna unit and have better control over pattern shape and coding.
  • An attempt to continuously radiate different frequencies on the various beams ofa multiple beam antenna would result in random interference between the radiated signals, resulting in widely varying signal amplitude and failure of coding.
  • an antenna system for radiating wave energy into a desired region of space in a desired radiation pattern during a selected time period.
  • the desired pattern is one in which the frequency of the radiated energy within the region of space varies with at least one of the components of angular direction from the antenna system.
  • the antenna system includes an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within the region of space from a common aperture.
  • the antenna system additionally includes means for simultaneously supplying a plurality of wave energy signals during the time period, one to each of the ports of the antenna unit, with each of the signals having a phase. measured with respect to the phase of the wave energy signal supplied to the port corresponding to an adjacent antenna beam. which varies during said time period between a predetermined pair of values. the variation being less than 360 and the sense of the variation being alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams.
  • the antenna radiates the desired radiation pattern.
  • FIG. 1 is one embodiment of an antenna system constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the phase of wave energy signals used in conjunction with the FIG. I antenna.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the operation of the FIG. 1 antenna.
  • FIG. 4 is an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna system of FIG. 1 includes an antenna unit consisting of a plurality of feedhorns 10a, b, c for illuminating a focusing reflector 11.
  • the feedhorns 10 are located near the focal axis of the parabolic cylindrical reflector I1 and displaced from each other such that wave energy from each feedhorn I0 illuminates the reflector 11 and causes a beam to be radiated at a different angle in space with respect to the antenna syste'rn.
  • This type of antenna unit is more fully described and covered by the above referenced co-pending application.
  • each of the feedhorns I0 Associated with each of the feedhorns I0 are corresponding wave energy input ports 12a, b, 0. Each of these input ports 12 are connected to a corresponding one of the phase shifters 14a, b, c by suitable transmission lines 13a, b, c.
  • An oscillator 15 supplies wave energy signals to a power divider 16. The wave energy signals from the outputs of the power divider 16 are supplied to the phase shifters 14. Varying phase control signals are generated by control unit 17 and supplied to control inputs of the phase shifters 14.
  • the wave energy signals supplied to the phase shifters 14 have their phase shifted in relation to each other in accordance with the phase control signals such that signals with varying phase in relation to each other are supplied by transmission lines 13 to the input ports 12 of the feedhorns 10.
  • the antenna must be capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within a desired region of space from a common aperture, and have a plurality of wave energy input ports such that each of the ports corresponds to one of the beams.
  • Antennas of this type may be conveniently referred to as Beamport antennas.
  • the transmission lines 13 may be any type appropriate for use at the operating frequency chosen for the antenna system. It is important, however. in the FIG. 1 embodiment that these transmission lines have a phase length in relation to each other which is appropriate for supplying the wave energy signals to the ports 12 with the required varying phase in relation to each other.
  • the phase shifters 14 may be any type which is appropriate for the frequency of the wave energy signals.
  • suitable phase shifters are ferrite phase shifters and diode phase shifters, both of which use phase control signals to vary their apparent electrical length and thereby phase shift the wave energy signals.
  • the phase control signals supplied by the control unit 17 should be signals appropriate for controlling the phase shifters 14 selected for use in the antenna system. These signals may be digital logic signals or analog signals according to the type of phase shifters selected.
  • the oscillator may be any suitable generator of wave energy signals at the chosen operating frequency.
  • the power divider may be any of the commonly used types. well known in the art. such as couplers, T" junctions or reactive dividers.
  • phase control may be performed at a different frequency than the radiated frequency and using frequency converting devices, or by performing a digital or analog frequency synthesis to generate the required signals.
  • Phase control may also be achieved by using mixing devices rather than phase shifters.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates typical varying phase of the signals supplied to the input ports 12 of the FIG. 1 antenna.
  • Phase is shown in relation to the phase of signal C, which would be supplied to the input port 12c, for example.
  • the phase of the signals A" and B which would be supplied to input ports 12a and 1212, respectively, have a varying phase in relation to the phase of the signal C and in relation to each other.
  • the sense of phase variation for the signals supplied to each port with respect to an adjacent port is alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams. Consequently.
  • signal A, supplied to port 1011 has a positive phase variation with respect to signal b supplied to port 10b.
  • signal 8" has a positive phase variation with respect to signal C" supplied to port 10c.
  • the phase of the signals during a period nominally varies linearly from a first predetermined phase point for each of the signals to a second predetermined point for each of the signals.
  • the phase variation may depart from a linear variation to account for particular characteristics of various antennas such as defocusing or nonequal spacing of the feedhorns. etc.
  • the phase variation period may be continuously repeated as shown in FIG. 2 to produce a substantially continuous frequency coding.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of the antenna unit used in the FIG. 1 antenna system.
  • the phase of the wave energy signals supplied to the feedhorns l0 combine when radiated from the feedhorns to form a radiation phase front 18a which proceeds in the direction 190, to illuminate an area around the point 20a on the reflector 11.
  • the phase of the wave energy supplied to the feedhorns l0 varies, as shown in FIG. 2, causing the illuminated area to move vertically across the reflector.
  • phase of the wave energy signals supplied to the feedhorns 10 form the phase front 18);, which proceeds in a direction 1%, to illuminate an area around point 20b on the reflector.
  • This process may be repeated for several periods, causing the illuminated area on the reflector 11 to repeatedly move from the vicinity around the point 20a to the vicinity around the point 20b.
  • Points 20a and 20b are shown by way of example in FIG. 3.
  • the illuminated area may center around any points on the section of the reflector. This motion of the illuminated area on the reflector causes the antenna system to radiate a pattern similar to a sequentially excited array wherein the frequency of radiation varies with one of the angular components of direction from the antenna.
  • the group of feedhorns 10 may be considered to be a phased array for illuminating the reflector 11 and array design principles are therefore applicable.
  • the spacing between the feedhorns should be chosen such that there will be no grating lobes on the reflector when the feedhorns are excited by any of the phase relations associated with a period.
  • the number of feedhorns required is a function of the angular region of space within which it is desired to radiate the frequency coded pattern. A larger number of feedhorns would cause a narrower illuminated area and hence a larger angular region in which the frequency coded pattern would be radiated. Other tradeoffs will be evident to those skilled in the art. For example, the time duration of the phase variation period is dependent on the amount of frequency shift desired in the radiated pattern.
  • the shape and size of the reflector 11 and feedhorns are dependent on the region of coverage and beamshape desired.
  • the use of other feed elements in place of feedhorns and other means for focusing wave energy in place of a parabolic reflector will be evident to those skilled in the art.
  • Wave energy signals having varying phase in relation to each other when simultaneously supplied to the antenna ports 21 in FIG. 4, will cause wave energy signals to be sequentially supplied to the elements 22 of the aperture in a manner resulting in an apparent motion of the radiation source. This operation is evident because of the nature of the transformation performed by the Bulter Matrix 23.
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy into a desired region of space during a selected time period in a desired radiation pattern, wherein the frequency of LII said radiated energy within said region of space varies with at least one of the components of angular direction from said antenna system comprising:
  • an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within said region of space from a common aperture, and having a plurality of wave energy input ports such that each of said ports corresponds to one of said beams;
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy into a desired region of space during a selected time period in a desired radiation pattern, wherein the frequency of said radiated energy within said region of space varies with at least one of the components of angular direction from said antenna system comprising:
  • an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within said region of space from a common aperture, and having a plurality of wave energy input ports such that each of said ports corresponds to one of said beams;
  • each of said wave energy signals has a phase, measured with respect to the phase of the wave energy signal supplied to the port corresponding to an adjacent antenna beam, which varies during said time period between a predetermined pair of values, said variation being less than 360 and the sense of said variation being alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams;
  • said antenna radiates said desired radiation pattern.
  • each of said wave energy signals is controlled to have a phase which varies linearly with time between said predetermined pair of values.
  • said means for controlling the phase of the supplied wave energy signals comprises a plurality of phase shifters and means for controlling said phase shifters.
  • an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within said region of space from a common aperture and comprising means for focusing incident wave energy and a plurality of feed elements, each having a wave energy input port, for illuminating said focusing means with wave energy patterns such that each of said feed elements corresponds to one of said beams;
  • each of said wave energy signals has a phase. measured with respect to the phase of the wave energy signal supplied to the port corresponding to an adjacent antenna beam. which varies during said time period between a predetermined pair of values, said variation being less than 360 and the sense of said variation being alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams;
  • said antenna unit radiates said desired radiation pattern.
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy into a desired region of space during a selected time period in a radiation pattern wherein the frequency of said radiated energy within said region of space varies with at least one of the components of angular direction from said antenna system comprising:
  • an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within said region of space from a common aperture and comprising a parabolic cylindrical reflector for focusing incident wave energy and a plurality of feed elements, each having a wave energy input port, for illuminating said reflector with wave energy patterns such that each of said feed elements corresponds to one of said beams;
  • phase shifters equal to the number of said feed elements for individuallly controlling the phase of wave energy signals supplied to each of the ports of said antenna unit;
  • phase shifters means for controlling said phase shifters such that the phase of wave energy signals supplied to each of said phase shifters is shifted to a phase, measured with respect to the phase of the wave energy signal supplied to the port corresponding to an adjacent antenna beam, which varies during said time period between a predetermined pair of values, said variation being less than 360 and the sense of said variation being alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams;
  • An antenna system for radiating wave energy into a desired region of space during a selected time period in a desired radiation pattern wherein the frequency of 8 said radiated energy within said region of space varies with at least one of the components of angular direction from said antenna system.
  • an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within said region of space from a common aperture and comprising an array of antenna elements, a plurality of wave energy input ports and means for coupling each of said ports to said elements such that each of said ports corresponds to one of said beams;
  • each of said wave energy signals has a phase measured with respect to the phase of the wave energy signal supplied to the port corresponding to an adjacent antenna beam, which varies during said time period between a predetermined pair of values, said variation being less than 360 and the sense of said variation being alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams;
  • phase control means for simultaneously supplying wave energy signals during said time period to said antenna ports via said phase control means
  • said antenna unit radiates said desired radiation pattern.
  • An antenna system as specified in claim 8 wherein the means for coupling said antenna ports to said elements comprises a matrix oftransmission lines and couplers.
  • an antenna unit capable of radiating a plurality of beams in different directions within said region of space from a common aperture and comprising a linear array of antenna elements, spaced from each other by substantially equal distances, a number of wave energy input ports, equal to the number of antenna elements, and a Bulter Matrix for coupling each of said ports to all of said elements, such that each of said ports corresponds to one of said beams;
  • phase shifters equal to the number of said ports for individually controlling the phase of wave energy signals supplied to each of the ports of said antenna unit
  • phase shifters for controlling said phase shifters such that the phase of wave energy signals supplied to each of said phase shifters is shifted to a phase, measured with respect to the phase of the wave energy signal supplied to the port corresponding to an adjacent antenna beam. which varies during said time period between a predetermined pair of values, said variation being less than 360 and the sense of said variation being alike for pairs of antenna ports corresponding to similarly adjacent beams;
  • said antenna unit radiates said desired radiation pattern.
  • said predetermined pair of values for the phase of the wave energy supplied to each of said ports comprises a first phase value selected to cause the wave energy radiated by all of said feed elements to form a phase front for illuminating a first selected area on said focusing means and a second phase value selected to cause the wave energy radiated by all of said feed elements to form a phase front for illuminating a second selected area on said focusing means.
  • said predetermined pair of values for the phase of wave energy supplied to each of said ports comprises a first phase value selected to cause the wave energy radiated by all of said feed elements to form a phase front for illuminating a first selected area on said reflector and a second phase value selected to cause the wave energy radiated by all of said feed elements to form a phase front for illuminating a second selected area on said reflector.
  • each of said wave energy signals is controlled to have a phase which varies linearly with time between said predetermined pair of values.
US347506A 1973-04-03 1973-04-03 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna Expired - Lifetime US3864679A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US347506A US3864679A (en) 1973-04-03 1973-04-03 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna
GB650674A GB1425143A (en) 1973-04-03 1974-02-13 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna
CA192,578A CA1036709A (en) 1973-04-03 1974-02-14 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna
AU65706/74A AU490977B2 (en) 1973-04-03 1974-02-18 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna
SE7403000A SE394542B (sv) 1973-04-03 1974-03-06 Antennsystem
IL44497A IL44497A (en) 1973-04-03 1974-03-26 Antenna system for radiating a frequency coded pattern
NL7404272A NL7404272A (sv) 1973-04-03 1974-03-28
FR7410816A FR2224886A1 (sv) 1973-04-03 1974-03-28
JP49037311A JPS49131360A (sv) 1973-04-03 1974-04-02
BR2611/74A BR7402611D0 (pt) 1973-04-03 1974-04-02 Sistema de antena aperfeicoado
IT42615/74A IT1010887B (it) 1973-04-03 1974-04-02 Sistema di antenna per irradiare diagrammi di energia doppler codificati in frequenza usando una antenna a fasci multipli
DE2415899A DE2415899A1 (de) 1973-04-03 1974-04-02 Antennensystem, insbesondere dopplersystem
CS742400A CS187413B2 (en) 1973-04-03 1974-04-03 Aerial system
DD177658A DD112005A5 (sv) 1973-04-03 1974-04-03

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US347506A US3864679A (en) 1973-04-03 1973-04-03 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna

Publications (1)

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US3864679A true US3864679A (en) 1975-02-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US347506A Expired - Lifetime US3864679A (en) 1973-04-03 1973-04-03 Antenna system for radiating doppler coded pattern using multiple beam antenna

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3864679A (sv)
JP (1) JPS49131360A (sv)
BR (1) BR7402611D0 (sv)
CA (1) CA1036709A (sv)
CS (1) CS187413B2 (sv)
DD (1) DD112005A5 (sv)
DE (1) DE2415899A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2224886A1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1425143A (sv)
IL (1) IL44497A (sv)
IT (1) IT1010887B (sv)
NL (1) NL7404272A (sv)
SE (1) SE394542B (sv)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914765A (en) * 1974-11-05 1975-10-21 Hazeltine Corp Simplified doppler antenna system
US4104636A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-08-01 Hazeltine Corporation Doppler reference antenna with phased centerline emphasis
US4259741A (en) * 1978-03-03 1981-03-31 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corp. Satellite relay system
AU658410B2 (en) * 1991-05-02 1995-04-13 Commonwealth Of Australia, The Frequency dependent beamforming
US6944140B1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2005-09-13 Northrop Grumman Corporation Beam hopping self addressed packet switched communication system with multiple beam array antenna
US20080169848A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 Steven Michael Douskey High-Speed Leaf Clock Frequency-Divider/Splitter
US20080172643A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 International Business Machines Corporation High-Speed Leaf Clock Frequency-Divider/Splitter
US20110043403A1 (en) * 2008-02-27 2011-02-24 Synview Gmbh Millimeter wave camera with improved resolution through the use of the sar principle in combination with a focusing optic
US8558734B1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2013-10-15 Gregory Hubert Piesinger Three dimensional radar antenna method and apparatus
US10367262B2 (en) * 2009-08-05 2019-07-30 Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. Architectures and methods for novel antenna radiation optimization via feed repositioning

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1524571A (en) * 1975-03-06 1978-09-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio navigation system and scanning beam antenna
US4270129A (en) * 1979-01-30 1981-05-26 Sperry Corporation Apparatus and method for realizing preselected free space antenna patterns
US4414550A (en) * 1981-08-04 1983-11-08 The Bendix Corporation Low profile circular array antenna and microstrip elements therefor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460145A (en) * 1968-03-14 1969-08-05 Gen Electric Electronic scanning system for wave energy beam forming and steering with receptor arrays
US3465337A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-09-02 Isokazu Tanaka Beam scanning device of sonic or electric wave or the like

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3465337A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-09-02 Isokazu Tanaka Beam scanning device of sonic or electric wave or the like
US3460145A (en) * 1968-03-14 1969-08-05 Gen Electric Electronic scanning system for wave energy beam forming and steering with receptor arrays

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914765A (en) * 1974-11-05 1975-10-21 Hazeltine Corp Simplified doppler antenna system
US4104636A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-08-01 Hazeltine Corporation Doppler reference antenna with phased centerline emphasis
US4259741A (en) * 1978-03-03 1981-03-31 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corp. Satellite relay system
AU658410B2 (en) * 1991-05-02 1995-04-13 Commonwealth Of Australia, The Frequency dependent beamforming
US6944140B1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2005-09-13 Northrop Grumman Corporation Beam hopping self addressed packet switched communication system with multiple beam array antenna
US20080169848A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 Steven Michael Douskey High-Speed Leaf Clock Frequency-Divider/Splitter
US20080172643A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-17 International Business Machines Corporation High-Speed Leaf Clock Frequency-Divider/Splitter
US7915929B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2011-03-29 International Business Machines Corporation High-speed leaf clock frequency-divider/splitter
US20110043403A1 (en) * 2008-02-27 2011-02-24 Synview Gmbh Millimeter wave camera with improved resolution through the use of the sar principle in combination with a focusing optic
US8558734B1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2013-10-15 Gregory Hubert Piesinger Three dimensional radar antenna method and apparatus
US10367262B2 (en) * 2009-08-05 2019-07-30 Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. Architectures and methods for novel antenna radiation optimization via feed repositioning
US10903565B2 (en) * 2009-08-05 2021-01-26 Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. Architectures and methods for novel antenna radiation optimization via feed repositioning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7402611D0 (pt) 1974-11-05
IT1010887B (it) 1977-01-20
GB1425143A (en) 1976-02-18
IL44497A (en) 1976-10-31
SE394542B (sv) 1977-06-27
AU6570674A (en) 1975-08-21
DE2415899A1 (de) 1974-10-31
CS187413B2 (en) 1979-01-31
JPS49131360A (sv) 1974-12-17
NL7404272A (sv) 1974-10-07
IL44497A0 (en) 1974-06-30
FR2224886A1 (sv) 1974-10-31
CA1036709A (en) 1978-08-15
DD112005A5 (sv) 1975-03-12

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