US3863092A - Transit time tube having extremely low phase distortion - Google Patents

Transit time tube having extremely low phase distortion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863092A
US3863092A US385158A US38515873A US3863092A US 3863092 A US3863092 A US 3863092A US 385158 A US385158 A US 385158A US 38515873 A US38515873 A US 38515873A US 3863092 A US3863092 A US 3863092A
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Prior art keywords
delay
section
degree
attenuating
link
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Expired - Lifetime
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US385158A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hinrich Heynisch
Klaus Poeschl
Werner Veith
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A transit time tube having a delay line which is arranged between an electron beam generating system and an electron collector, and which contains sections exhibiting different degrees of delay, employs at least one section of the delay line, a phase distortion correction section, which possesses a degree of delay which is reduced relative to the degree of delay of the section at the electron beam generating end.
  • a gauge for the phase distortion is the so-called amplitude modulation/phase modulation conversion factor (AM/PM conversion factor); in particular in the case of radio relay traveling wave tubes, a maximum value of clearly below 2/dB is desirable for this factor, in order to keep the expense for amplitude limitation within reasonable limits.
  • AM/PM conversion factor amplitude modulation/phase modulation conversion factor
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a transit time tube with an extremely low phase distortion which is substantially independent of drive, which is considerably free of the above mentioned limitations in the tube parameters.
  • At least one section of the delay line be provided with a degree of delay which is reduced in relation to the degree of delay of the section arranged at the electron beam generating end.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the phase distortion correction is influenced not only by the magnitude of the space charge, but also by a change in the degree of delay, in the course of the delay line, and that this change also be in fact used for the correction of the phase distortion. It has been discovered that when a section having a reduced degree of delay is connected into the delay line, the phase of the wave in the beam can be displaced relative to the phase of the wave on the line in a distortion compensating fashion over a large drive range. The exact amount of the reduction in the degree of delay which is carried out for the section of the line must be in accordance with the size of the predetermined space charge parameter QC on the one hand and the line dimensioning and attenuation factors on the other hand. However, these parameter values may be selected freely. This freedome which has been achieved in respect of the design of the transit time tube means that it is possible to carry out the compensation of the phase distortion proposed by the present invention as a subsequent step in already existing tube concepts.
  • the change, proposed in accordance with the invention, in the average degree of delay might first appear to be inapt, since it is well known that the degree of delay along a delay line has previously fundamentally only been modified in order to improve the efficiency of the tube by matching the wave speed to the electrons which are decelerated as a result of the energy output. In a speed tapering process of this kind, it is necessary to gradually increase, not reduce, the degree of delay at the output end of the delay line.
  • the measure in accordance with the present invention causes the efficiency to be somewhat reduced in comparison to a tube having an untapered delay line. In many cases, however, it is possible to accept this loss, or to compensate it by lengthening the reaction section or reducing the electron collector potential.
  • phase distortion correction section be followed at the electron collector end by a section having a degree of delay which is increased, in a known manner, in relation to the degree of delay of the section at the electron beam generating end. It has been proven that as a result of this additional measure the aforementioned loss of efficiency can be fundamentally absorbed, while at the same time preserving the phase distortion correcting capacity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a transit time tube constructed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams of examples of delay degree changes within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of the dependence of the AM/PM conversion factor along the drive power.
  • FIG. 1 shows a transit time tube constructed in accordance with the invention in the form of a traveling wave tube having a coiled line.
  • the tube comprises an electron beam generating system 1 and an electron beam collector 2, between which is arranged the coil 3.
  • a pair of arrows 20 and 21 indicate the high frequency input coupling and output coupling of the delay line.
  • the coil 3 is divided into an input section 5 and an output section 6 by an attenuating link 4 which is shown shaded and, in its triangular form is to represent the conventional tapering.
  • the change in the degree of delay which is proposed in accordance wih the invention is, in this case, effected in such a manner that the phase distortion correcting section followsthe electron beam generating end section in the region of the attenuating link 4, and in fact at the point of its extreme maximum attenuating force (the point 8).
  • the phase distortion correcting section begins at the end of the attenuating link facing the electron collector 2.
  • the reduction in the degree of delay is effected by increasing the coil pitch 7.
  • I is the length of the attenuation link and is the length of the electromagnetic wave in the reaction section.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate examples for degrees of delay along a delay line in transit time tubes in accordance with the invention.
  • the degree of delay defined as the ratio of the speed of light 0 to the phase speed v ofthe wave in the delay is plotted against the length coordinate L of the delay line.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates examples with an untapered input section 5
  • FIG. 3 represents tapered input sections 5 in which case the proposed delay degree relations must apply to the average degrees of delay of both sections.
  • Examples of the change in degree of delay in accordance with the invention as illustrated by the curves ll, l2, 13, 14 and 15, have been provided in comparison to a constant degree of delay shown by the curve 10. All of the changes move within the 10 percent limits.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the effect of a change in degree of delay in accordance with the invention on the phase distortion.
  • the AM/PM coefficient k is plotted against the drive power, shown in relative units A.
  • the curve 100 corresponds to the delay line with a constant degree of delay (curve 10 in FIG. 2)
  • the curve 110 corresponds to the same delay line, but with a design in accordance with the invention corresponding to the curve 11 in FIG. 2.
  • This comparison was carried out with a helix line as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the considerable reduction in the conversion factor which is achieved by the measure of practicing the present invention is illustrated, which, in the exemplary embodiment corresponding to the curve 110 achieves a maximum value of only approximately l/dB and therefore constantly remains clearly under Z I dB. as required.
  • the present invention is, of course, not restricted to the particular type ofembodiment of a transit time tube and neither to a traveling wave tube, nor to a specific type of delay line. Furthermore, the proposed change in degree of delay can be effected not only by a period variation of the delay line but also by other measures such as, for example, changes in cross section of the delay line or by the introduction of the dielectric material.
  • a transit time tube comprising: an electron beam generating system; an electron collector; and a delay line extending between said beam generating system and said collector including a plurality of delay sections, at least one of said sections being a phase distortion correction system and having a degree of delay which is less than the degree of delay of the section at the beam generating end. and a section following and distortion correcting section at the electron collector end and having a degree of delay which is greater than the degree of delay of the section at the electron beam generating end, said delay line including an attenuation link, said correcting section following said attenuation link.
  • said delay line comprises a helix-shaped coil of varying coil pitch and the different degrees of delay are defined by the pitches of the coil.
  • said delay line includes a section following said attenuating link and having a degree of amplification of at least 24 dB.
  • said attenuation link has a maximum attenuating force between two tapering attenuating forces.
  • said correcting delay section having a degree of amplification of at least 24 dB and begins at the point of maximum attenuating force, the relations 0.8 s y, s 2.0. d 0.1 d -a,,/B,.C and 2A l 6A holds true where 7,, 15 the amplification constant for the electromagnetic wave.
  • a is the attenuation constant for the electromagnetic wave
  • [3,. is the phase constant of the electron flow.
  • C is the amplification parameter, 1,, is the length of the atdistortion correction section at the electron collector end and having a degree of delay which is greater than the degree of delay of the section at the electron beam generating end, and an attenuating link; said distortion correcting section following said attenuating link, said attenuating link having a maximum attenuating force between a pair of tapering attenuation forces, said correcting section beginning at the point of maximum at-

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)
US385158A 1972-08-10 1973-08-02 Transit time tube having extremely low phase distortion Expired - Lifetime US3863092A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2239459A DE2239459C3 (de) 1972-08-10 1972-08-10 Lauffeldröhre mit extrem niedriger Phasenverzerrung

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US3863092A true US3863092A (en) 1975-01-28

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US385158A Expired - Lifetime US3863092A (en) 1972-08-10 1973-08-02 Transit time tube having extremely low phase distortion

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US (1) US3863092A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5732459B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2239459C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2195839B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1439466A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2463501A1 (fr) * 1979-08-08 1981-02-20 Nippon Electric Co Tube a ondes progressives du type helicoidal

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2457560A1 (fr) * 1979-05-23 1980-12-19 Thomson Csf Ligne a retard hyperfrequence comportant un conducteur de section variable et tube a ondes progressives comportant une telle ligne
FR2460539A1 (fr) * 1979-07-03 1981-01-23 Thomson Csf Ligne a retard a pas variable pour tube a onde progressive, et tube a onde progressive muni d'une telle ligne
DE4121035C2 (de) * 1991-06-26 2000-09-21 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Gm Hochfrequenzröhre

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2908844A (en) * 1951-04-11 1959-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Low noise traveling wave tubes
US2922920A (en) * 1947-04-21 1960-01-26 Csf Traveling wave tubes
US2948828A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube interaction circuit
US3092750A (en) * 1959-10-22 1963-06-04 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tube
US3614517A (en) * 1970-04-30 1971-10-19 Raytheon Co Traveling wave electron interaction device having efficiency enhancement means
US3761760A (en) * 1972-07-03 1973-09-25 Raytheon Co Circuit velocity step taper for suppression of backward wave oscillation in electron interaction devices

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2925529A (en) * 1952-11-04 1960-02-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Non-linear transmission circuits
DE1041169B (de) * 1953-01-07 1958-10-16 Dr Rer Nat Dieter Weber Rauscharme Wanderfeldroehre zur Verstaerkung schwacher Hochfrequenzsignale
US3324342A (en) * 1963-07-12 1967-06-06 Varian Associates Traveling wave tube having maximum gain and power output at the same beam voltage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2922920A (en) * 1947-04-21 1960-01-26 Csf Traveling wave tubes
US2908844A (en) * 1951-04-11 1959-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Low noise traveling wave tubes
US2948828A (en) * 1956-11-21 1960-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube interaction circuit
US3092750A (en) * 1959-10-22 1963-06-04 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tube
US3614517A (en) * 1970-04-30 1971-10-19 Raytheon Co Traveling wave electron interaction device having efficiency enhancement means
US3761760A (en) * 1972-07-03 1973-09-25 Raytheon Co Circuit velocity step taper for suppression of backward wave oscillation in electron interaction devices

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2463501A1 (fr) * 1979-08-08 1981-02-20 Nippon Electric Co Tube a ondes progressives du type helicoidal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1439466A (en) 1976-06-16
DE2239459C3 (de) 1975-04-30
FR2195839B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-03-30
JPS4953758A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-24
JPS5732459B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-07-10
FR2195839A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-08
DE2239459A1 (de) 1974-03-14
DE2239459B2 (de) 1974-09-19

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