US3862280A - Apparatus for gas-liquid contact - Google Patents

Apparatus for gas-liquid contact Download PDF

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US3862280A
US3862280A US396984A US39698473A US3862280A US 3862280 A US3862280 A US 3862280A US 396984 A US396984 A US 396984A US 39698473 A US39698473 A US 39698473A US 3862280 A US3862280 A US 3862280A
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chlorinated
sheets
weight
contact body
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US396984A
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Walter Polovina
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Carl Munters AB
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Carl Munters AB
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C03C25/27—Rubber latex
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
    • C03C25/47—Coatings containing composite materials containing particles, fibres or flakes, e.g. in a continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
    • C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B41/4838—Halogenated polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/71—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes
    • D21H17/74—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes of organic and inorganic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/40—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets being non-planar, e.g. crêped
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0002—Flame-resistant papers; (complex) compositions rendering paper fire-resistant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/02—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with counter-current only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/04—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers with cross-current only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
    • F28F25/087—Vertical or inclined sheets; Supports or spacers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
    • B01J2219/3222—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle different from 90 degrees
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32203—Sheets
    • B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
    • B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32425—Ceramic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32441—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32483—Plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24661—Forming, or cooperating to form cells

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having a contact body mounted in a housing, said contact body being 261/112 16 3 2 formed from a plurality of corrugated sheets of a fib ous eb ma e a i p egnated a p yep y [58] 7 gf i b' 'g x 7 3 cross-linked plasticized rubber composition.
  • the present invention relates to cooling towers for gas-liquid contact. More in particular, the present invention relates to cooling towers having a contact body mounted in a housing, said contact body being formed from a plurality of sheets of an impregnated fibrous web defining a plurality of channels or ducts in said contact body through which gas and liquid are passed.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through one embodiment of a cooling tower according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a cooling tower according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partially in section, of a contact body adaptable to use in the cooling towers of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a cooling tower comprising casing in which is mounted contact body 11.
  • the base of casing 10 is formed into sump 12 having float 19 and drainage line 20.
  • a liquid, such as water is introduced through liquid supply line 17 and passes over contact body 10 after discharge from perforations 18 in supply line 17.
  • a gas, such as air is introduced in cross-current or counter-current to the liquid flow through openings 13 in portions of casing 10 beneath the contact body. Air may be pulled in an upward direction by fan 15, driven by motor 16, both mounted in gas outlet 14 above contact body 11 in casing 10 or the fan may be eliminated in a natural draft system.
  • valve and/or pump means (not shown) to introduce additional liquid into the circulating liquid system.
  • the gas and liquid introduced thereinto are in a heat-exchange relationship.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a cooling tower having casing 21 in which one or more contact bodies 22 are mounted.
  • the base of the casing is formed into sump 23 having float 24 and drainage line 25.
  • a gas such as air enters channels or ducts within the contact bodies at uncovered portions thereof 26 and may be drawn upwardly, within the apparatus to outlet 29 equipped with fan 30 and motor 31 therefor.
  • a liquid, such as water, is introduced into the cooling tower through liquid supply line 27 and escapes from the line through perforations 28. Conveniently, the liquid escaping perforations 28 is passed through pad 32 which more evenly distributes the liquid to the channels or ducts within contact bodies 22.
  • FIG. 3 shows a contact body suitable for use in the cooling towers of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the body comprises a plurality of corrugated sheets 33, 34, 35, 36 with the corrugations in adjacent sheets, such as 33 and 34, being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets, such as 33 and 35, or 34 and 36, being disposed in parallel, whereby a plurality of criss-crossing is formed within said contact body.
  • the corrugations are generally at an angle relative to the horizontal so as to permit the gravity flow of liquid therethrough.
  • the angle at which adjacent corrugated sheets are disposed is not critical, and it is evident from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the angular disposition of the alternate sheets, as suggested by the crossing solid and dashed lines in contact bodies lland 22 in these Figures, may vary from apparatus to apparatus depending on a particular construction or particular function to be performed thereby.
  • corrugations in the corrugated sheets of contact bodies like that shown in FIG. 3 are conveniently from 5 to 40 or 60 millimeters in height from trough to peak, and are usually from 10 to 30 millimeters.
  • the corrugated sheets may be adhered one to another at points of contact within the contact body or may be held in fixed position by suitable spacing and retaining means at their edges.
  • contact bodies like that shown in FIG. 3 have been comprised of corrugated plastic sheets or, more conventionally, of sheets of a fibrous woven or non-woven web.
  • a fibrous woven or non-woven web Webs of mineral fibers such as of glass or asbestos are preferred as being noninflammable.
  • Such fibrous webs are impregnated with a resin, conventionally a phenolic resin or melamineformaldehyde resin, to impart greater rigidity and wet strength thereto.
  • liquids employed in the gas-liquid interchange contain corrosive contaminants, for example organic solvents, a rapid attack of the resins employed in the prior art contact bodies, and subsequent rapid destruction of these bodies, has been experienced.
  • the cooling towers of the present invention employ contact bodies comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets, as shown in FIG. 3, wherein the sheets are impregnated and coated with a mixture principally comprising a chlorinated hydrocarbon resin, a chlorinated additive thereto which functions as a plasticizer and/or film-forming agent, and a polyepoxy compound believed to function as a cross-linking agent.
  • the coating mixtures may contain pigments, particularly carbon black, and mineral fillers such as clays or powdered silica.
  • the webs forming the contact bodies employed in the cooling towers of the invention suitably may vary in thickness from 0.1 to 2 mm, generally from 0.1 to 1 mm.
  • Such webs are conveniently impregnated by immersion thereof in an impregnating solution containing the aforementioned impregnating mixture in an organic solvent such as toluene for a time sufficient to saturate the web.
  • Excess impregnating solution is removed, and the damp sheet is then formed (for example by vacuum forming) into corrugated sheets. Any remaining solvent is removed from the sheets by evaporation, generally at a temperature above room temperature and preferably at a temperature above about 100C. In commercial production, brief heating at 250 300C. (30 60 seconds) is employed.
  • the sheets are then formed into contact bodies as described above, either with the use of adhesive at points of contact between adjacent corrugated sheets or by spacing and supporting means at their edges.
  • compositions used to impregnate the fibrous webs which form the sheets of the contact bodies of the cooling towers of the present invention principally comprise a chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon, specifically a chlorinated polypropylene (hereinafter chlorinated C polymeric hydrocarbon) or chlorinated rubber.
  • chlorinated C polymeric hydrocarbon specifically a chlorinated polypropylene
  • chlorinated rubbers are preferred, and may be either natural rubbers or synthetic rubbers. Both the natural and synthetic rubbers principally comprise isoprene (C units, and will be referred to hereinafter as chlorinated C polymeric hydrocarbons.
  • the rubbers contained varying amounts of chlorine. Suitable commercially available materials (eg Parlon) contain about 65 percent by weight of chlorine, for example, which insures good fire resistance.
  • the rubbers are available in a variety of grades and molecular weights, for example between about 30,000 and 120,000 (weight average molecular weight).
  • chlorinated polypropylene resins also commercially available (e.g., Parlon) with about the same degree of chlorination (about 65 percent can be obtained in the same variety of grades as the chlorinated rubbers.
  • a plasticizer and/or film-forming agent is employed with these chlorinated C and C polymeric hydrocarbons.
  • Particularly suitable agents include the chlorinated terphenyls and chlorinated paraffins, i.e., chlorinated higher aliphatic hydrocarbons having carbon atoms.
  • chlorinated terphenyls and paraffin hydrocarbons are available commercially (e.g., Aroclor," Chlorowax, Chlorafin) containing different amounts of chlorine. Materials containing between about 40 percent and about 70 percent by weight of chlorine are particularly useful.
  • plasticizing and/or film-forming ingredients described above are combined with the chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon in amounts from about 5 to 100 percent by weight of the polymeric hydrocarbon, preferably in amounts from 5 to 50 or 5 to 25 percent by weight.
  • the polyepoxy compound which imparts particular rigidity and resistance to softening by heat to the compositions of the invention is believed, because of its polyfunctionality, to behave as a cross-linking agent in the compositions.
  • the polyepoxy compounds are glycidyl ethers of polyphenols, specifically diglycidyl or polyglycidyl eithers of bisphenols such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F.
  • the amount by weight of such a polyepoxy compound in the compositions of the invention may be between about 0.5 and 10 percent, by weight of the chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon forming the principal ingredient.
  • compositions present in the contact bodies used in the cooling towers of the present invention may optionally contain pigments and/or fillers.
  • the compositions may contain up to about 2 percent, by weight of the chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon, of a pigment such as finely divided carbon black which serves not only to color the composition but also affords some degree of ultraviolet protection to the resinous impregnant when the contact bodies are in cooling towers exposed outdoors.
  • fillers and extenders which may optionally be present in amounts up to 50 percent by weight of the chlorinated hydrocarbon resin components include minerals such as finely divided clays, amorphous silica, or aluminum oxide powders.
  • the materials are used in finely divided form, generally with an average particle size of less than 2 microns in diameter, preferably less than 1 micron.
  • the dried web After impregnation of a fibrous web by the method described earlier herein, or by alternative methods, the dried web generally comprises from 10 30 percent of impregnant therein, by weight of the treated product. This amount of impregnant can be applied from solu tions having a solids content of from 20 35 percent by weight, for example.
  • Cooling towers according to the present invention employing contact bodies formed from sheets of fibrous webs impregnated with a composition as described above have shown unusually long lifetimes for the contact bodies therein under circumstances in which conventional contact bodies disintegrate rapidly and would require replacement.
  • the cooling towers of the invention are thus more trouble-free, require less maintenance, and can be employed for gas-liquid contact with liquids, such as those at high or low pH values or containing corrosive contaminants, under conditions in which cooling towers employing contact bodies of the type conventional in the prior art would be unusable or would require expensive maintenance for frequent replacement of the contact bodies.
  • the towers of the present invention can be used to cool liquids from temperatures as high as 180F. without the same loss of contact body structural strength observed in towers employing contact bodies treated with prior art impregnants.
  • contact bodies comprising a web of mineral fibers treated with the impregnants described herein are substantially non-combustible and will not support flames.
  • Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein and a contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets with the corrugations in adjacent sheets being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets being disposed parallel to form a plurality of criss-crossing channels for gas and liquid, said corrugated sheets being a fibrous web impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent, by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising a chlorinated polymeric C or C hydrocarbon, about 5 to about percent, by weight of said polymer, of a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin; and about 0.5 to about percent, by weight of said polymer, of a polyglycidyl ether of a polyphenol.
  • said contact body comprises sheets impregnated with a mixture which additionally comprises up to 2 percent of carbon black and up to 50 percent of mineral fillers, by weight of said polymer.
  • Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein and a contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets with the corrugations in adjacent sheets being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets being disposed in parallel to form a plurality of criss-crossing channels for gas and liquid, said corrugated sheets being a non-flammable web of mineral fibers impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent, by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising: (l) a chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene comprising about 65 percent by weight of chlorine; (2) about 5 to about 100 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, or a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin comprising about 40 to 70 percent by weight of chlorine; (3) about 0.5 to about 10 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene,
  • said contact body comprises sheets impregnated with a mixture which additionally comprises from 0 2 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, of finely divided carbon black.
  • Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein; said contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed operatively interconnected sheets of an impregnated fibrous web' defining a plurality of channels in said contact body through which gas and liquid are passed; said sheets being impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising a chlorinated polymeric C or C hydrocarbon, about 5 to percent, by weight of said polymer, of a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin; and about 0.5 to 10 percent, by weight of said polymer, of a polyglycidyl ether of polyphenol.
  • Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said plurality of facially opposed operatively interconnected sheets includes corrugated sheets operatively connected to adjacent sheets in said contact body thereby to form said channels and to allow liquid to flow through said contact body.

Abstract

Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having a contact body mounted in a housing, said contact body being formed from a plurality of corrugated sheets of a fibrous web material impregnated with a polyepoxy-cross-linked plasticized rubber composition.

Description

Unite States atent 191 111] 3,862 280 Polovina 1 Jan. 21, 1975,
[ APPARATUS FOR GAS-LIQUID CONTACT [75] Inventor: Walter Polovina, Princeton, NJ. [56] References Cited [73] Assignee: AB Carl Munters, Sollentuna, UNITED STATES PATENTS Sweden 3,395,900 8/1968 Meek 261/112 3,464,543 9/1969 Kwiatanowski, Jrv et al. 117/126 AB [22] Filed: Sept. 13, 1973 3,526,393 9/1970 Meek 261/112 [2i] Appl' 396984 Primary Examiner-Tim R. Miles Related U.S. Application Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Curtis, Morris & Safford [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 330,101, Feb, 6, 1923,
abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. [57] ABSTRACT Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having a contact body mounted in a housing, said contact body being 261/112 16 3 2 formed from a plurality of corrugated sheets of a fib ous eb ma e a i p egnated a p yep y [58] 7 gf i b' 'g x 7 3 cross-linked plasticized rubber composition.
i 261]DI&3. 11 6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures APPARATUS FOR GAS-LIQUID CONTACT This is a continuation of application S.N. 330,101, filed Feb. 6, 1973 and now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application S.N. 186,768, filed Oct. 5, 1971 and now US. Pat. No. 3,798,057 granted Mar. 19, 1974.
The present invention relates to cooling towers for gas-liquid contact. More in particular, the present invention relates to cooling towers having a contact body mounted in a housing, said contact body being formed from a plurality of sheets of an impregnated fibrous web defining a plurality of channels or ducts in said contact body through which gas and liquid are passed.
A better understanding of the present invention and of its many advantages will be had by referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through one embodiment of a cooling tower according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a cooling tower according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a perspective view, partially in section, of a contact body adaptable to use in the cooling towers of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a cooling tower comprising casing in which is mounted contact body 11. The base of casing 10 is formed into sump 12 having float 19 and drainage line 20. A liquid, such as water, is introduced through liquid supply line 17 and passes over contact body 10 after discharge from perforations 18 in supply line 17. A gas, such as air, is introduced in cross-current or counter-current to the liquid flow through openings 13 in portions of casing 10 beneath the contact body. Air may be pulled in an upward direction by fan 15, driven by motor 16, both mounted in gas outlet 14 above contact body 11 in casing 10 or the fan may be eliminated in a natural draft system. When the water or other liquid in sump 12 reaches a pre-determined minimum level, float 19 activates valve and/or pump means (not shown) to introduce additional liquid into the circulating liquid system. Within the contact body, the gas and liquid introduced thereinto are in a heat-exchange relationship.
FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a cooling tower having casing 21 in which one or more contact bodies 22 are mounted. The base of the casing is formed into sump 23 having float 24 and drainage line 25. In this embodiment, a gas such as air enters channels or ducts within the contact bodies at uncovered portions thereof 26 and may be drawn upwardly, within the apparatus to outlet 29 equipped with fan 30 and motor 31 therefor. A liquid, such as water, is introduced into the cooling tower through liquid supply line 27 and escapes from the line through perforations 28. Conveniently, the liquid escaping perforations 28 is passed through pad 32 which more evenly distributes the liquid to the channels or ducts within contact bodies 22.
FIG. 3 shows a contact body suitable for use in the cooling towers of FIGS. 1 and 2. The body comprises a plurality of corrugated sheets 33, 34, 35, 36 with the corrugations in adjacent sheets, such as 33 and 34, being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets, such as 33 and 35, or 34 and 36, being disposed in parallel, whereby a plurality of criss-crossing is formed within said contact body. When the contact body is mounted in a cooling tower, the corrugations are generally at an angle relative to the horizontal so as to permit the gravity flow of liquid therethrough. The angle at which adjacent corrugated sheets are disposed is not critical, and it is evident from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the angular disposition of the alternate sheets, as suggested by the crossing solid and dashed lines in contact bodies lland 22 in these Figures, may vary from apparatus to apparatus depending on a particular construction or particular function to be performed thereby.
The corrugations in the corrugated sheets of contact bodies like that shown in FIG. 3 are conveniently from 5 to 40 or 60 millimeters in height from trough to peak, and are usually from 10 to 30 millimeters. The corrugated sheets may be adhered one to another at points of contact within the contact body or may be held in fixed position by suitable spacing and retaining means at their edges.
Heretofore, contact bodies like that shown in FIG. 3 have been comprised of corrugated plastic sheets or, more conventionally, of sheets of a fibrous woven or non-woven web. (Webs of mineral fibers such as of glass or asbestos are preferred as being noninflammable.) Such fibrous webs are impregnated with a resin, conventionally a phenolic resin or melamineformaldehyde resin, to impart greater rigidity and wet strength thereto.
It has been found that the impregnated sheet materials used to form bodies in cooling towers in the prior art, while often satisfactory at pH values surrounding the neutral point (pH 7), degrade rapidly when in contact with water at higher or lower pH values. Melamine-formaldehyde resins, for instance, hydrolyze fairly rapidly at alkaline pHs. This is particularly undesirable because the acid chromates heretofore widely used as additives in water-cooled refrigeration and air conditioning systems are more and more being replaced by alkaline additives. In general, the contact bodies in prior art cooling towers are most useful at pl-ls between -6 and 9 and at temperatures below 1 10F. At pH values above or below these values and at temperatures above F., there is a strong tendency for the impregnating resin therein to be attached and removed from the sheets, resulting in weakening of the sheets and eventual destruction and collapse of the contact bodies.
Further, where the liquids employed in the gas-liquid interchange contain corrosive contaminants, for example organic solvents, a rapid attack of the resins employed in the prior art contact bodies, and subsequent rapid destruction of these bodies, has been experienced.
The cooling towers of the present invention employ contact bodies comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets, as shown in FIG. 3, wherein the sheets are impregnated and coated with a mixture principally comprising a chlorinated hydrocarbon resin, a chlorinated additive thereto which functions as a plasticizer and/or film-forming agent, and a polyepoxy compound believed to function as a cross-linking agent. Optionally, the coating mixtures may contain pigments, particularly carbon black, and mineral fillers such as clays or powdered silica.
The webs forming the contact bodies employed in the cooling towers of the invention suitably may vary in thickness from 0.1 to 2 mm, generally from 0.1 to 1 mm. Such webs are conveniently impregnated by immersion thereof in an impregnating solution containing the aforementioned impregnating mixture in an organic solvent such as toluene for a time sufficient to saturate the web. Excess impregnating solution is removed, and the damp sheet is then formed (for example by vacuum forming) into corrugated sheets. Any remaining solvent is removed from the sheets by evaporation, generally at a temperature above room temperature and preferably at a temperature above about 100C. In commercial production, brief heating at 250 300C. (30 60 seconds) is employed. The sheets are then formed into contact bodies as described above, either with the use of adhesive at points of contact between adjacent corrugated sheets or by spacing and supporting means at their edges.
The compositions used to impregnate the fibrous webs which form the sheets of the contact bodies of the cooling towers of the present invention principally comprise a chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon, specifically a chlorinated polypropylene (hereinafter chlorinated C polymeric hydrocarbon) or chlorinated rubber. The chlorinated rubbers are preferred, and may be either natural rubbers or synthetic rubbers. Both the natural and synthetic rubbers principally comprise isoprene (C units, and will be referred to hereinafter as chlorinated C polymeric hydrocarbons.
The rubbers contained varying amounts of chlorine. Suitable commercially available materials (eg Parlon) contain about 65 percent by weight of chlorine, for example, which insures good fire resistance. The rubbers are available in a variety of grades and molecular weights, for example between about 30,000 and 120,000 (weight average molecular weight).
Alternatively, chlorinated polypropylene resins, also commercially available (e.g., Parlon) with about the same degree of chlorination (about 65 percent can be obtained in the same variety of grades as the chlorinated rubbers.
A plasticizer and/or film-forming agent is employed with these chlorinated C and C polymeric hydrocarbons. Particularly suitable agents include the chlorinated terphenyls and chlorinated paraffins, i.e., chlorinated higher aliphatic hydrocarbons having carbon atoms.
These chlorinated terphenyls and paraffin hydrocarbons are available commercially (e.g., Aroclor," Chlorowax, Chlorafin) containing different amounts of chlorine. Materials containing between about 40 percent and about 70 percent by weight of chlorine are particularly useful.
The plasticizing and/or film-forming ingredients described above are combined with the chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon in amounts from about 5 to 100 percent by weight of the polymeric hydrocarbon, preferably in amounts from 5 to 50 or 5 to 25 percent by weight.
The polyepoxy compound which imparts particular rigidity and resistance to softening by heat to the compositions of the invention is believed, because of its polyfunctionality, to behave as a cross-linking agent in the compositions. The polyepoxy compounds are glycidyl ethers of polyphenols, specifically diglycidyl or polyglycidyl eithers of bisphenols such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F.
In general, the amount by weight of such a polyepoxy compound in the compositions of the invention may be between about 0.5 and 10 percent, by weight of the chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon forming the principal ingredient.
Finally, the compositions present in the contact bodies used in the cooling towers of the present invention may optionally contain pigments and/or fillers. In particular, the compositions may contain up to about 2 percent, by weight of the chlorinated polymeric hydrocarbon, of a pigment such as finely divided carbon black which serves not only to color the composition but also affords some degree of ultraviolet protection to the resinous impregnant when the contact bodies are in cooling towers exposed outdoors.
Other fillers and extenders which may optionally be present in amounts up to 50 percent by weight of the chlorinated hydrocarbon resin components include minerals such as finely divided clays, amorphous silica, or aluminum oxide powders. The materials are used in finely divided form, generally with an average particle size of less than 2 microns in diameter, preferably less than 1 micron.
After impregnation of a fibrous web by the method described earlier herein, or by alternative methods, the dried web generally comprises from 10 30 percent of impregnant therein, by weight of the treated product. This amount of impregnant can be applied from solu tions having a solids content of from 20 35 percent by weight, for example.
Cooling towers according to the present invention employing contact bodies formed from sheets of fibrous webs impregnated with a composition as described above have shown unusually long lifetimes for the contact bodies therein under circumstances in which conventional contact bodies disintegrate rapidly and would require replacement. The cooling towers of the invention are thus more trouble-free, require less maintenance, and can be employed for gas-liquid contact with liquids, such as those at high or low pH values or containing corrosive contaminants, under conditions in which cooling towers employing contact bodies of the type conventional in the prior art would be unusable or would require expensive maintenance for frequent replacement of the contact bodies.
Further, the towers of the present invention can be used to cool liquids from temperatures as high as 180F. without the same loss of contact body structural strength observed in towers employing contact bodies treated with prior art impregnants.
Finally, contact bodies comprising a web of mineral fibers treated with the impregnants described herein are substantially non-combustible and will not support flames.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein and a contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets with the corrugations in adjacent sheets being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets being disposed parallel to form a plurality of criss-crossing channels for gas and liquid, said corrugated sheets being a fibrous web impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent, by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising a chlorinated polymeric C or C hydrocarbon, about 5 to about percent, by weight of said polymer, of a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin; and about 0.5 to about percent, by weight of said polymer, of a polyglycidyl ether of a polyphenol.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said contact body comprises sheets impregnated with a mixture which additionally comprises up to 2 percent of carbon black and up to 50 percent of mineral fillers, by weight of said polymer.
3. Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein and a contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets with the corrugations in adjacent sheets being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets being disposed in parallel to form a plurality of criss-crossing channels for gas and liquid, said corrugated sheets being a non-flammable web of mineral fibers impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent, by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising: (l) a chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene comprising about 65 percent by weight of chlorine; (2) about 5 to about 100 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, or a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin comprising about 40 to 70 percent by weight of chlorine; (3) about 0.5 to about 10 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene,
of a polyglycidyl ether of a bisphenol.
4. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said contact body comprises sheets impregnated with a mixture which additionally comprises from 0 2 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, of finely divided carbon black.
5. Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein; said contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed operatively interconnected sheets of an impregnated fibrous web' defining a plurality of channels in said contact body through which gas and liquid are passed; said sheets being impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising a chlorinated polymeric C or C hydrocarbon, about 5 to percent, by weight of said polymer, of a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin; and about 0.5 to 10 percent, by weight of said polymer, of a polyglycidyl ether of polyphenol.
6. Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said plurality of facially opposed operatively interconnected sheets includes corrugated sheets operatively connected to adjacent sheets in said contact body thereby to form said channels and to allow liquid to flow through said contact body.

Claims (6)

1. APPARATUS FOR GAS-LIQUID CONTACT HAVING MEANS FOR MOUNTING A CONTACT BODY THEREIN AND A CONTACT BODY COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF FACIALLY OPPOSED COURRGATED SHEETS WITH THE CORRUGATIONS IN ADJACENT SHEETS BEING DISPOSED AT AN ANGLE TO EACH OTHER AND THE CORRUGATIONS IN ALTERNATE SHEETS BEING DISPOSED PARALLEL TO FORM A PLURALITY OF CRISS-CROSSING CHANNELS FOR GAS AND LIQUID, SAID CORRUGATED SHEETS BEING A FIBROUS WEB IMPREGNATED WITH FROM 10 TO 30 PERCENT, BY WEIGHT OF THE IMPREGNATED WEB, OF A MIXTURE COMPRISING A CHLORINATED POLYMERIC C3 OR C5 HYDROCARBON, ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 100 PERCENT, BY WEIGHT OF SAID POLYMER, OF A CHLORINATED TERPHENYL OR CHLORINATED PARAFFIN; AND ABOUT 0.5 TO ABOUT 10 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF SAID POLYMER, OF A POLYGLYCIDYL ETHER OF A POLYPHENOL.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said contact body comprises sheets impregnated with a mixture which additionally comprises up to 2 percent of carbon black and up to 50 percent of mineral fillers, by weight of said polymer.
3. Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein and a contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed corrugated sheets with the corrugations in adjacent sheets being disposed at an angle to each other and the corrugations in alternate sheets being disposed in parallel to form a plurality of criss-crossing channels for gas and liquid, said corrugated sheets being a non-flammable web of mineral fibers impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent, by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising: (1) a chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene comprising about 65 percent by weight of chlorine; (2) about 5 to about 100 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, or a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin comprising about 40 to 70 percent by weight of chlorine; (3) about 0.5 to about 10 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, of a polyglycidyl ethEr of a bisphenol.
4. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said contact body comprises sheets impregnated with a mixture which additionally comprises from 0 - 2 percent, by weight of said chlorinated rubber or chlorinated polypropylene, of finely divided carbon black.
5. Apparatus for gas-liquid contact having means for mounting a contact body therein; said contact body comprising a plurality of facially opposed operatively interconnected sheets of an impregnated fibrous web defining a plurality of channels in said contact body through which gas and liquid are passed; said sheets being impregnated with from 10 to 30 percent by weight of the impregnated web, of a mixture comprising a chlorinated polymeric C3 or C5 hydrocarbon, about 5 to 100 percent, by weight of said polymer, of a chlorinated terphenyl or chlorinated paraffin; and about 0.5 to 10 percent, by weight of said polymer, of a polyglycidyl ether of polyphenol.
6. Apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said plurality of facially opposed operatively interconnected sheets includes corrugated sheets operatively connected to adjacent sheets in said contact body thereby to form said channels and to allow liquid to flow through said contact body.
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Cited By (31)

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DE2739627A1 (en) * 1976-09-29 1978-03-30 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab CONTACT BODY FOR LIQUID AND GAS
US4117049A (en) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-26 Carrico Arnold J Flexible multi-columnar fluid treatment cellular apparatus
US4186159A (en) * 1977-05-12 1980-01-29 Sulzer Brothers Limited Packing element of foil-like material for an exchange column
FR2433707A1 (en) * 1978-08-17 1980-03-14 Carrico Arnold Collapsible fluid contacting structure - formed from flexible sheets of fibrous material, for use in gas scrubbing, sludge aeration, etc.
US4512938A (en) * 1981-07-16 1985-04-23 Film Cooling Towers Limited Undulating heat exchange packing
DE3409196A1 (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-09-26 Progress-Elektrogeräte Mauz & Pfeiffer GmbH & Co, 7000 Stuttgart Air humidifier
US4592834A (en) * 1983-06-16 1986-06-03 Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University Column froth flotation
US4670197A (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-06-02 Custodis-Ecodyne Gas/liquid contact apparatus
US4905313A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-02-27 Custodis-Ecodyne Gas/liquid contact apparatus
US4921641A (en) * 1988-02-05 1990-05-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Liquid-vapor contact columns
DE4006319A1 (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-06 Kiesel Vera Laminar element for humidifier - has metal or plastic carrier layer coated with plastic dispersion contg. mineral powder for improved moisture pick=up
US5124087A (en) * 1990-10-04 1992-06-23 Evapco International, Inc. Gas and liquid contact body
US5248454A (en) * 1992-04-10 1993-09-28 Munters Corporation Algae resistant edge coating
US5540867A (en) * 1993-11-18 1996-07-30 Munters Corporation Hanger-supported liquid-gas contact body and assembly method
US6019170A (en) * 1996-08-08 2000-02-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Spacer for heat exchangers, element for heat exchangers, and heat exchanger
WO2001098695A3 (en) * 2000-06-21 2002-06-06 Alan Dale Wright Liquids dumping device
US6533253B1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2003-03-18 General Shelters Of Texas, S.B. Ltd. Light attenuating evaporative cooling pad
WO2003041952A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 Yaeger Ronald J Contact media for evaporative cooler
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US20050051916A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-10 C.E. Shepherd Co., Inc. Cooling media pack
US6878857B1 (en) 1998-08-06 2005-04-12 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Fibrous structure and absorbent article including such a fibrous structure
US20050120688A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 C.E. Shepherd Co., Inc. Drift eliminator, light trap, and method of forming same
US20060144575A1 (en) * 2005-01-03 2006-07-06 Taiwan Textile Research Institute Heat exchange structure
WO2008033354A3 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-11-13 Munters Corp Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
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WO2015198191A1 (en) * 2014-06-23 2015-12-30 B+M Textil Gmbh & Co. Kg Cooling unit
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Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2739627A1 (en) * 1976-09-29 1978-03-30 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab CONTACT BODY FOR LIQUID AND GAS
US4117049A (en) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-26 Carrico Arnold J Flexible multi-columnar fluid treatment cellular apparatus
US4186159A (en) * 1977-05-12 1980-01-29 Sulzer Brothers Limited Packing element of foil-like material for an exchange column
FR2433707A1 (en) * 1978-08-17 1980-03-14 Carrico Arnold Collapsible fluid contacting structure - formed from flexible sheets of fibrous material, for use in gas scrubbing, sludge aeration, etc.
US4512938A (en) * 1981-07-16 1985-04-23 Film Cooling Towers Limited Undulating heat exchange packing
US4592834A (en) * 1983-06-16 1986-06-03 Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University Column froth flotation
DE3409196A1 (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-09-26 Progress-Elektrogeräte Mauz & Pfeiffer GmbH & Co, 7000 Stuttgart Air humidifier
US4670197A (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-06-02 Custodis-Ecodyne Gas/liquid contact apparatus
US4921641A (en) * 1988-02-05 1990-05-01 The Boc Group, Inc. Liquid-vapor contact columns
DE4006319C2 (en) * 1989-03-01 2001-07-05 Kiesel Vera Laminar cell for laminar humidifiers
DE4006319A1 (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-06 Kiesel Vera Laminar element for humidifier - has metal or plastic carrier layer coated with plastic dispersion contg. mineral powder for improved moisture pick=up
US4905313A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-02-27 Custodis-Ecodyne Gas/liquid contact apparatus
US5124087A (en) * 1990-10-04 1992-06-23 Evapco International, Inc. Gas and liquid contact body
US5248454A (en) * 1992-04-10 1993-09-28 Munters Corporation Algae resistant edge coating
US5540867A (en) * 1993-11-18 1996-07-30 Munters Corporation Hanger-supported liquid-gas contact body and assembly method
US6019170A (en) * 1996-08-08 2000-02-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Spacer for heat exchangers, element for heat exchangers, and heat exchanger
US6878857B1 (en) 1998-08-06 2005-04-12 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Fibrous structure and absorbent article including such a fibrous structure
US8440290B2 (en) 1999-10-22 2013-05-14 Anne Yaeger Contact media for evaporative coolers
US20050001339A1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2005-01-06 Yaeger Ronald J. Contact media for evaporative coolers
WO2001098695A3 (en) * 2000-06-21 2002-06-06 Alan Dale Wright Liquids dumping device
US20040012101A1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2004-01-22 Wright Alan Dale Liquids dumping device
CN100370211C (en) * 2000-06-21 2008-02-20 艾伦·戴尔·赖特 Liquid dumping device
AU2001273702B2 (en) * 2000-06-21 2005-11-03 Alan Dale Wright Liquids dumping device
AU2001273702C1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2006-10-05 Alan Dale Wright Liquids dumping device
US7048261B2 (en) 2000-06-21 2006-05-23 Alan Dale Wright Liquids dumping device
ES2243107A1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2005-11-16 Alan Dale Wright Liquids dumping device
US6533253B1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2003-03-18 General Shelters Of Texas, S.B. Ltd. Light attenuating evaporative cooling pad
US6613182B1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2003-09-02 General Shelters Of Texas, S.B., Ltd. Light attenuating evaporative cooling pad
US7160362B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2007-01-09 Nichias Co., Ltd. Method and device for cleaning air
US20040237781A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-12-02 Nichias Co., Ltd Method and device for cleaning air
WO2003041952A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 Yaeger Ronald J Contact media for evaporative cooler
US6923250B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-08-02 Evapco International, Inc. Louver assembly
AU2004202820B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2006-05-25 Evapco, Inc. Louver assembly
US20050006798A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-13 Evapco International, Inc. Louver assembly
US20050051916A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-10 C.E. Shepherd Co., Inc. Cooling media pack
US7105036B2 (en) 2003-12-08 2006-09-12 C. E. Shepherd Co., Inc. Drift eliminator, light trap, and method of forming same
US20050120688A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 C.E. Shepherd Co., Inc. Drift eliminator, light trap, and method of forming same
US7264044B2 (en) * 2005-01-03 2007-09-04 Taiwan Textile Research Institute Heat exchange structure
US20060144575A1 (en) * 2005-01-03 2006-07-06 Taiwan Textile Research Institute Heat exchange structure
US20090294548A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2009-12-03 Stephan Geiger Air Humidifier and Evaporation Mat Contained Therein
WO2008033354A3 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-11-13 Munters Corp Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
US7717406B2 (en) * 2006-09-12 2010-05-18 Munters Corporation Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
AU2007294930B2 (en) * 2006-09-12 2010-12-09 Munters Corporation Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
CN101516485B (en) * 2006-09-12 2011-11-16 蒙特斯公司 Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
US20090032981A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2009-02-05 Munters Corporation Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
KR101313564B1 (en) 2006-09-12 2013-10-01 문터스 코포레이션 Algae resistant edge coating and method of forming same
WO2014011655A1 (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-16 Anne Yaeger Contact media for evaporative coolers
WO2015198191A1 (en) * 2014-06-23 2015-12-30 B+M Textil Gmbh & Co. Kg Cooling unit
US20210291407A1 (en) * 2020-03-17 2021-09-23 The Boeing Company Tools for forming a composite part and associated methods
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