US3859569A - Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit - Google Patents

Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3859569A
US3859569A US433656A US43365674A US3859569A US 3859569 A US3859569 A US 3859569A US 433656 A US433656 A US 433656A US 43365674 A US43365674 A US 43365674A US 3859569 A US3859569 A US 3859569A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
exponent
arrester
voltage
resistor
spark gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US433656A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James S Kresge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US433656A priority Critical patent/US3859569A/en
Priority to CA215,691A priority patent/CA1036210A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to DE19752500431 priority patent/DE2500431A1/de
Publication of US3859569A publication Critical patent/US3859569A/en
Priority to JP50006488A priority patent/JPS50107449A/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H01T4/20—Arrangements for improving potential distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An overvoltage surge arrester for relatively high voltage applications is provided with a voltage grading circuit comprising a relatively low exponent resistor in parallel with a relatively high exponent resistor, for preventing spurious operation of the arrester under conditions in which the outside surface of the porcelain housing becomes contaminated with a conductive film.
  • a linear resistor is additionally connected in series with the high exponent non-linear resistor of the above circuit to prevent excessively high current in the high exponent resistor near the sparkover voltage of the arrester.
  • porcelain may'cause'the afrrester- 'to fail by 'sparki'ngo've'r; at the operating voltage, rather than atrhe appropriate higher sparkovervoltiage.Such firequently results in destruction of I I the arrester.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings aschematic representation of a fragment of a prior art arrester 10.
  • the arrester 10 includes three of a numberof-arrester modules 12 inside a housing cylinder 14 provided with an upper end cap 16.
  • Each module 12 is outlined by a OVERVOLTAGE some ARliESTERsfWlTH VED VOLTAGEGRADIN G"ClRCUlT BACKGROUND) OF THE INVENTION
  • the present-invention relates generally to electrical overvoltage, surge arresters and relates particularly to, but is no'flimited to, such arresters for hse at relatively high voltages and which'are provided with a plurality of spark gaps electrically conn'e'cted in series.
  • Theifirst coupling components C C C of the first, second, and third modules, respectively, beginning withthe uppermost, are the capacitance of the module 12 itself, including, for instance, the capacitance between the electrodes of the gap section 18.
  • thearrester is designed to have an operating voltfagcj,v equal 'to'theIn'ormal. line-to-ground voltage of the line which isto be 'conne'cted-tothe 'ar'rester. 'A-se'r iou-s problem with hig-h voltage arrest'ers of: the
  • the third coupling components C C C of each respective module 12 arethe capacitance of the porcelain housingc'ylinder 14' itself.
  • the fourth couplin'g'components C C C of each respectivemodule 12 are the capacitance due to coupling of the porcelain housing cylinder 14 to ground: I
  • the voltage across C and therefore across the gap section 18 of the first module 12 is greater than the voltage across cg; because C and the grading resistor 22 of the first module 12 must carry all the capacitive leakage and the normal grading currents'for all the other modules 12 down the line.
  • the grading resistors 22 are typically chosen so that during normal operation the grading current through them is much larger than the capacitive leakage current.
  • the voltage across a given gap section 18, is held by the resistors 22 at very nearly the same value'as, across every other gap section 18.
  • the total capacitive leakage current is typically on the order of, for instance, 0.01 milliamperesdwhile the grading current through the grading resistors 22 is typically on the order of l milliampere.
  • The'high currents passed through the high exponent grading resistors just prior to and during sparkover of the arrester resulting from an overvoltage surge can be so large as to cause instantaneous'heating damage to the high exponent resistor material. such heating damage can lead to failure of the high exponent resistor.
  • the novel arrester comprises a gap having in parallel with it both a relatively low exponent grading resistor and a relatively highexponent grading resistor, connected 'in parallel relationship to one another.
  • A' sub- FIG. 2 is aside sectional view of a fragment'of an overvoltagesurge arrester in accordance with the preferred embodiment of'the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of an arrester module of the arrester of FIG. 2 seen at with respect to the view of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a partly sectioned perspective view of aportion of the module of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a side, sectional, partly schematic view of a fragment of the arrester of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the current voltage characteristics of the grading resistors. of the arrester module of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 2 A preferred embodiment of the novel arrester is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the arrester 24 has a porcelain housing 26 sealed at both ends by metalend caps, not shown. Inside the housing 26 and clampedbetween the end caps is-a stack of individual-arrester modules 28 paired side by side, only a pair of which are shown entirely in the FIG. 2. Another view of the modules 28 at 90 orientation with respect to the FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. '3.
  • a perspective view of a single module 28 is shown in FIG. 4. All the modules 28 of the arrester 24 are similar and have a 6 kv rating, meaning that they are designed to be subjected to an individual operation voltage of about 4.8 kv.
  • Like reference numerals are used to identify like members of the modules 28 of FIGS. 2,3 and '4.
  • each module'28 includes a gap section, or unit 30 contacted on each of its-faces'by" a valve block 32.
  • a high exponent grading resistor 34 and-a low-exponent grading resistor 36 Connected electrically in parallel with the series of the gap-section 30 and the valve blocks 32 are a high exponent grading resistor 34 and-a low-exponent grading resistor 36.
  • the modules 28 are series-stacked in pairs whichare clamped on insulatingspacers 38 between metal supports plates 40 facing in opposite directions for connection in series as a pair by a diagonal vmetal strap 42 extending between two thin metal contact plates 44, each located between the spacer 38"and the 'valve block 32.
  • the gap electrodes of the gap unit 30 are located inside ceramic supporting discs of the gap unit 30 and are not shown (centimeters) long, and I cm in diameter and has a current-voltage characteristic exponent of about 4.5.
  • a linear .resistor 50 is connected between the clip-400i] the injsulatingarmf48 and the contact plate 44.
  • the high exponent grading resistor 34' is about cm long, about 1 1.6 cm in diameter and'has a current-voltage characteristic exponent ofabou't 45'.
  • the linear resistor 50 has a resistanc'evalue of about 1,000 ing of about 2 watts.”
  • the first module 28 includes a'valve block 32 electrically conneeted to each side ofthe gap rier only at or above the rated voltage.
  • sparkover voltage of the gap section 28 is generally at least -125 percent of'the rated voltage
  • sparkover of the gap section 28 by spurious leakage currents in the grading resistors 34, 36 is prevented by the high exponent resistor 34. It can be seen from the broken line curve 56 that just below the sparkover voltage, which in this instance is taken to be about 135 percent the rated voltage, the voltage across the linear resistor rapidly becomes' significant to limit the current upturn in the high exponent resistor 34 connected in series with it.
  • FIG. 6of the drawings A graphic representation of the current-voltage char acteristics of the low exponent, high exponent, and -lin ear grading resistors 36, 34, 50 of the arrester 10 of the preferred embodiment is presented roughly in FIG. 6of the drawings.
  • the low exponentmaterial is not limited to silicon carbide, but
  • hownected in parallel with a' gap includes arrangements in whichvalveblocksor various other elements, including a logarithmic scale, while the ordinate corresponds ,to
  • the oper-' ating voltage is, as was mentioned earlier, generally otherfgaps, areadditionally connected. in series with the gapandiin parallel with the resistor;
  • curve 52 shows the behavior of the low exponent resis ⁇ tor 36. As the currentrises, the voltage across theresis- I tor 36 also rises at a relatively rapid'rate.
  • the solid" curve 54 shows the behavior of the high exponent resis tor 34. The voltage rises relatively slowly with increasing current.
  • the broken line curve 56 illustrates the manner in which the current through the high exponent f resistor 34 is modified by the addition of thelinear re sistor 50. It can be seen from the two curves 52,54 that with the nonlinear resistors 34, 36 connected in parallel f so that they see the same voltage, almost all the'current is carried by the low exponent resistor 36 at the operat-i ing voltage of 80 percent rating and the effect of.
  • the linear resistor is insignificant at this voltage.
  • the current increases so that the voltage rises to 100 percent the rated voltage, the current becomes evenly di vided between the low and high exponent resistors 36, 34.
  • the major portion of higher currents than those at 100 percent rated voltage is carried by the high exponent resistor 34.
  • the resultant curve for the paral-' t'ion capability'o f thelinear resistor should be chosen to. provide the desired current limiting action for the particularsparkover voltage. of thegap in-question, and
  • linearxresistor in series witht he high exponent resistor-need not'be absolutely linear, solong as it is substantially linear relativeto the high exponentresistorL'
  • the linear resistor should i g have a current-voltage exponent ofless than two.
  • the gap assemblies may-be all of the same type, such'as a simple gap, or of'a complex type, such as a current limiting typejThey may also be a mixture of different types ofgap assemblies'connected together in series, parallel, or combinations thereof.
  • the important consideration is that the gap section be essentially 7 a voltage-sensitive switch which closes'very suddenly at a predetermined voltage higher. than the voltageto which itiis subjected during normal operation at the operating voltage of the arrester..
  • An electrical overvoltage including:
  • a housing comprising at least two conductive terminal members spaced apart by a hollow insulating member
  • spark gap section disposed inside said housing, said spark gap section comprising at least one spark gap assembly electrically connected in series with said terminal members;
  • a first grading resistor of a first nonlinear resistance material electrically connected in parallel with said spark gap section the degree of nonlinearity of said first material being indicated by a first numerical exponent for the voltage in an equation describing the general current-voltage characteristics of said first materiaL and a second grading resistor of a second nonlinear resistance material electrically connected in parallel with said spark gap section and with said first grading resistor, the degree of nonlinearity of said second material being indicated by a second numerical exponent for the voltage in an equation describ-' ing the general current-voltage characteristics of said second material,
  • said-first exponent being substantially greater. than said'second. exponent; wherein the 1 improvement comprises; i a substantially linear resistor electrically connected in series with said first grading resistor. 2. The arrester defined in claim 1 and wherein said first exponent is at least'twice the magnitude of said second exponent. v
  • the arrester defined in claim 6 comprising at least one nonlinear resistance valve block element electrically connected in series between said spark gap and one of said terminal members.
  • said spark gap section comprises a plurality of said spark gap assemblies electrically connected in series between said terminal members.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
US433656A 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit Expired - Lifetime US3859569A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US433656A US3859569A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit
CA215,691A CA1036210A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-12-09 Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit
DE19752500431 DE2500431A1 (de) 1974-01-16 1975-01-07 Stossueberspannungsableiter mit verbesserter spannungsabstufungsschaltung
JP50006488A JPS50107449A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-16 1975-01-16

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US433656A US3859569A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3859569A true US3859569A (en) 1975-01-07

Family

ID=23721025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US433656A Expired - Lifetime US3859569A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3859569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS50107449A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1036210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2500431A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3963965A (en) * 1974-10-22 1976-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Surge arrester construction
US3967160A (en) * 1975-05-01 1976-06-29 General Electric Company Electrical overvoltage surge arrester with a long time constant valve section and series gap section
US4158872A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-06-19 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Surge diverter
US4396970A (en) * 1981-01-12 1983-08-02 Tii Industries Inc. Overvoltage surge arrester with predetermined creepage path
EP0508647A3 (en) * 1991-03-25 1993-03-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Arrestor unit
US5294374A (en) * 1992-03-20 1994-03-15 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Electrical overstress materials and method of manufacture
RU2193268C1 (ru) * 2001-03-29 2002-11-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Феникс-88" Устройство защиты от перенапряжений многофазных цепей
US20040239472A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-02 Xingniu Huo Arrester disconnector assembly having a capacitor and a resistor
US6876289B2 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-04-05 Hubbell Incorporated Arrester disconnector assembly having a capacitor
EP2083427A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-29 ABB Technology AG High voltage surge arrester and method of operating the same
US9088153B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2015-07-21 Hubbell Incorporated Series R-C graded gap assembly for MOV arrester
WO2023163998A1 (en) * 2022-02-23 2023-08-31 Hubbell Incorporated Improved graded spark gap design for internally gapped surge arrester

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091721A (en) * 1954-12-07 1963-05-28 Ohio Brass Co Lightning arrester and gap unit with capacitive grading
US3313978A (en) * 1963-09-03 1967-04-11 Ass Elect Ind Surge diverter units comprising spark gaps shunted by resistive blocks
US3611044A (en) * 1970-06-30 1971-10-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Surge protection apparatus with improved circuit for reliable sparkover

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091721A (en) * 1954-12-07 1963-05-28 Ohio Brass Co Lightning arrester and gap unit with capacitive grading
US3313978A (en) * 1963-09-03 1967-04-11 Ass Elect Ind Surge diverter units comprising spark gaps shunted by resistive blocks
US3611044A (en) * 1970-06-30 1971-10-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Surge protection apparatus with improved circuit for reliable sparkover

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3963965A (en) * 1974-10-22 1976-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Surge arrester construction
US3967160A (en) * 1975-05-01 1976-06-29 General Electric Company Electrical overvoltage surge arrester with a long time constant valve section and series gap section
US4158872A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-06-19 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Surge diverter
US4396970A (en) * 1981-01-12 1983-08-02 Tii Industries Inc. Overvoltage surge arrester with predetermined creepage path
EP0508647A3 (en) * 1991-03-25 1993-03-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Arrestor unit
US5294374A (en) * 1992-03-20 1994-03-15 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Electrical overstress materials and method of manufacture
RU2193268C1 (ru) * 2001-03-29 2002-11-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Феникс-88" Устройство защиты от перенапряжений многофазных цепей
US20040239472A1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-02 Xingniu Huo Arrester disconnector assembly having a capacitor and a resistor
US6828895B1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-07 Hubbel Incorporated Arrester disconnector assembly having a capacitor and a resistor
US6876289B2 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-04-05 Hubbell Incorporated Arrester disconnector assembly having a capacitor
US6956458B2 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-10-18 Hubbell Incorporated Arrester disconnector assembly having a capacitor
EP2083427A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-29 ABB Technology AG High voltage surge arrester and method of operating the same
WO2009092747A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Abb Technology Ag High voltage surge arrester and method of operating the same
US20100265623A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2010-10-21 Stenstroem Lennart High Voltage Surge Arrester And Method Of Operating The Same
US8154839B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2012-04-10 Abb Technology Ag High voltage surge arrester and method of operating the same
CN101896981B (zh) * 2008-01-24 2012-07-25 Abb技术有限公司 高压避雷器及其操作方法
US9088153B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2015-07-21 Hubbell Incorporated Series R-C graded gap assembly for MOV arrester
WO2023163998A1 (en) * 2022-02-23 2023-08-31 Hubbell Incorporated Improved graded spark gap design for internally gapped surge arrester

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2500431A1 (de) 1975-07-17
JPS50107449A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-23
CA1036210A (en) 1978-08-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4174530A (en) Voltage surge arrester device
US4683514A (en) Surge voltage protective circuit arrangements
US3859569A (en) Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit
US3496409A (en) Spark gap and discharge control apparatus
EP0462694A2 (en) Protective device for temporary system overvoltages
US9088153B2 (en) Series R-C graded gap assembly for MOV arrester
US3859568A (en) Overvoltage surge arrester with improved voltage grading circuit
US6493201B1 (en) Spark gap retrofit module for surge arrester
US3348100A (en) Sparkover control circuit for lightning arrester shunt gap unit
EP1456921A1 (de) Berspannungsschutzeinrichtung
US3320482A (en) Lightning arrester for high energy switching surges
DE10146728B4 (de) Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
US3845345A (en) Frequency sensitive preionizer
US3515934A (en) Lightning arrester sparkover control
US3489949A (en) Lightning arrester with main and preionizing gaps
US2469215A (en) Protective device
US3513354A (en) Lightning arrester with high surge energy absorbing capability
US12165792B2 (en) Arrester assembly providing enhanced protection against short circuits and fire risk
US3149263A (en) Electric overvoltage arrester with large capacitive spark gap
CA1068775A (en) Electrical overvoltage surge arrester with a long time constant valve section and series gap section
US4002947A (en) Arcing stacked plate nonlinear resistor for voltage limiter applications such as series capacitor protection
GB2179214A (en) Surge voltage protection arrangement
JP2562045B2 (ja) サージ吸収装置
US3497764A (en) Overvoltage protective apparatus having a pilot gap circuit arrangement for controlling its actuation
US3091721A (en) Lightning arrester and gap unit with capacitive grading