US3858167A - Arrangement for determination of the continuity of thickness and of structural-tectonic elements of mineable layers, particularly of coal seams - Google Patents

Arrangement for determination of the continuity of thickness and of structural-tectonic elements of mineable layers, particularly of coal seams Download PDF

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Publication number
US3858167A
US3858167A US00262071A US26207172A US3858167A US 3858167 A US3858167 A US 3858167A US 00262071 A US00262071 A US 00262071A US 26207172 A US26207172 A US 26207172A US 3858167 A US3858167 A US 3858167A
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United States
Prior art keywords
seismic
seam
coal
thickness
coal seam
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US00262071A
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B Stas
L Dlouhy
L Siska
A Skrabis
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Vedeckovyzkumny Uhelny Ustav
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Vedeckovyzkumny Uhelny Ustav
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/42—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa

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  • the invention relates to a method and to an arrangement for making seismic measurements in mines in order to enable a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the continuity of the thickness of a mineable layer, particularly of a coal seam within the worked part of the mine, furthermore to establish any existence and course of tectonic dislocations which disturb the seam within the measured section including a qualitative evaluation of the magnitudes of dislocation amplitudes of partial tectonic blocs in relation to the thickness of the seam and to determine the course of edges of places of the coal bloc, where sudden changes of the thickness or of physically mechanical properties of the proper mass of the coal seam are occuring.
  • a seismic reflex method for determining ruptures and dislocations within'the surface of deposited rock layers, particularly of coal seams of smaller thickness by means of boundary waves, which are generated and are propagated at the boundaries between thecoal seam and the rock cover and the beadrock.
  • the motive components of these kinds of waves are oscillating perpendicularly to the surface of the coal seam, parallel with the direction of the main beam of the elastic wave and symmetrically with respect to the center of the coal seam.
  • the exciting of boundary waves is accomplished by adisturbance at the center of the coal seam; generating thus a symmetric type of these waves. It has been found in the course of a further development of this method, that not symmetric boundary waves can be equally used for registration and evaluation of measuring results.
  • the disturbance source is for this type of waves situated eccentrically to some boundary.
  • the geophones are for both described methods placed on the boundaries of the coal seam with the rock cover and the beadrock and registration of motive components is accomplished by couples of geophones situated in two horizonts'and are with respect to the center of the coal seam associated in couples and polarized in counterphase.
  • charges are placed in thecentral zone of the thickness of the coal seams in a multicomponent blast base directionally oriented, when by simultaneous discharge mirror symmetrical Rayleigh waves are generated with respect to the central part of the scam in the boundary surfaces with the rock cover and bedrock.
  • seismic pick-up devices for'registration of transverse oscillations of the mass of the coal seam are located in the central zone of the coal seam at the edge of the free surface created by partial interruption of the coal seam by a mine gallery.
  • the arrangement for executing this method comprises a generator of oscillations connected to the fuse of the charges and connected also to one input of a seismic amplifier, to a second input of which a source of DC voltage is applied.
  • Groups of seismic pick-up devices distributed in a registration base are connected to other inputs.
  • the output of the seismic amplifier is connected to a registration device, which in turn is connected to a time standard.
  • the registration device and the time standard are energized from a supply source.
  • the axis of maximum sensitivity of the geophones in the registration base are at an angle of 45 to with the direction of the main beam of the direct or reflected transverse seam wave and simultaneously parallel with the plane of the coal seam.
  • the geophones are arranged in the pick-up device in two systems so that the axis of maximum sensitivity of the geophones of one partial system are perpendicular to the axis of maximum sensitivity of geophones of the second partial systern.
  • Advantages of the method and arrangement according to this invention show particularly in that they enable to determine the continuity of the thickness and details of structural-tectonic elements of the internal composition of a mineable layer, particularly of a coal seam.
  • a transverse seam wave which has higher distinguishing properties and sensitivity in reaction to elastic inhomogenities, which disturb the continuity or thickness of the coal seam, than known boundary waves, the accuracy of results is increased.
  • the transverse seam wave enables to follow tectonic dislocations having with the plane of the coal seam an inclination even less than 30.
  • an increase of the depth range up to a four hundredfold of the thickness of the investigated coal seam for a reflection measuring method is enabled. If a radiation measuring method is applied, the range is more than a thousandfold of the thickness of the coal seam.
  • a further advantage of the object of this invention is a simplification of the systems of locating and interconnecting of the geophones. As the location is accomplished in a single level, there is no need of counterphase polarization of geophone couples. Advantageous is also the reduction of the number of geophones, having as consequence a reduction of the failure rate, of the work needed, of time consumption and of costs for preliminary and boring work.
  • FIG. la and 112 show principles of generation of the course and effects of a transverse seam wave
  • FIG. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2a and 2e the placing of charges in a coal seam in order to generate a transverse seam wave for different thickness of the coal seam and different relative spacial position ofa mine gallery and of the central zone of the coal seam.
  • FIG. 3a, 3b, 3c and 3a show optimum arrangements of multicomponent blast bases directionally orientated for generation of a transverse seam wave having its maximum energy in the required direction.
  • FIG. 4a and 4b indicate an optimum spacial orientation of a seismic pick-up device and the axis of maximum sensibility of the geophones.
  • FIG. 5 is an example of utilizing a transverse seam wave for determining the continuity of a coal seam in a block limited by galleries and for investigation of tectonics in its field of interest by measuring from a single survey mine gallery.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fundamental outlay of an arrangement for determining the continuity of a coal seam and for investigation of tectonic dislocations.
  • FIG. 7 indicates the principle of a tectonic pick-up device.
  • motive components 12 of longitudinal direction are generated, oscillating parallel with the plane of the coal seam and with the direction of the main beam 24 of the transverse seam wave 14 in the longitudinal component x and furthermore a zone of increased pressure in the mass of the coal seam l is generated, distributed around its central zone 6, parallel with the head 15a and 15b respectively of the rock cover Rayleigh wave 9 and the bedrock Rayleigh wave 10 (see FIG.
  • the transverse seam wave 14 is reflected from a teetonic dislocation l8 interrupting the coal seam 1.
  • Charges 19 (FIG. 2a to 2e) for exciting a disturbance are located in the central zone 6 of the coal seam 1 into bores 20 bored from the mine gallery 16 at an angle 21 so that the central zone 6 of the coal seam l is thereby bases in lines 23a, 23b, perpendicular to the direction of the main beam 24 a of the direct transverse seam wave 14 or of the main beam 24b of the reflected transverse seam wave 14, or at an angle 21a, 21b within an angular sector from 45 to 135 with respect to the supposed course of the tectonic dislocation 18.
  • the maximum differentiating ability of the registration with respect to the direction of the main beam 24 of the transverse seam wave 14 is achieved by placing the seismic pick-up devices 25 into the central zone 6 of the coal seam l and simultaneously so, that the axis 32a, 32b of maximum sensitivity of the geophones 26a, 26b (FIG. 4a, 4b) are parallel with the plane of the coal seam l and simultaneously so, that the main beam 24 of the transverse seam wave 14 strikes the axis 32a, 32b of maximum sensitivity of the geophones 26a, 26b perpendicularly or within an angular sector at 45 to 135 with respect to the axis 32a, 32b of maximum sensitivity of the geophones 26a, 26b.
  • Suitable conditions of incidence of the main beam 24 of the transverse seam wave 14, coming from any direction, on the axis 32a, 32b of maximum sensitivity of the geophones 26a, 26b are secured by the application of seismic pick-up devices 25, where the geophones 26a, 26b are arranged in two systems so, that the axis 32a of maximum sensitivity of geophones 26a of one partial system are perpendicular to the axis 32b of maximum sensitivity of geophones 26b of the second partial system, where the particular partial system of geophones 26a or 26b is switched on for registration purposes, on the axis 32a or 32b of maximum sensitivity the main beam 24 of the transverse seam wave 4 impinges within an angular sector from 45 to 135 either with respect to the axis 32a of maximum sensitivity of geophones 26a, or with respect to axis 32b of maximum sensitivity of geophones 26b.
  • the application of the tranverse seam wave 14 for determining the continuity of a coal seam in a coal block 30 limited by mine galleries 16a, 16b, 16c and for following the tectonics in its field of interest by measuring from one survey gallery 16c is shown in FIG. 5.
  • a tranverse seam wave 14 which is direct or reflected by sections 28a, 28b and 28d of a tectonic dislocation 18 in beam sectors 27a, 27b and 27d is observed, it can be said, that the amplitude of fault of the tectonic dislocation 18 in sections 28a, 28b and 28d is larger than 30 percent of the thickness of the coal seam l of the coal block 30 but smaller than the whole thickness of the coal seam 1. If an undistrurbed reception of the transverse seam wave 14 is obtained in the beam sector 27c, it can be said, that the continuity of thickness of the coal seaml of the coal block 30 is maintained within the whole range of the beam sector 27c.
  • reflection elements 31c, 31d, 3le and 31f of the transverse seam wave 14 reflected from the tectonic dislocation are received, it can be said, that the magnitude of its amplitude of fault is larger than 30 percent of the thickness of the coal seam l in the coal block 30.
  • the reflection elements 31a, 31b correspond to reflections of the transverse seam wave 14 from the edges of the zone of a distinct change of the thickness of the coal seam l in the pressure zone 29.
  • a tranverse seam wave 14 for determining the course of tectonic dislocations in the field of interest of the mine can be also accomplished from a single mine gallery 16c (see FIG. 5 without the galleries 16a, 16b). In that case it is possible to register on the registration basis 17 reflection elements 31d, 3le and 31f of a transverse seam wave 14, reflected from a tectonic dislocation l8 and excited from blast bases 22a, 22b, 22h.
  • the determination of the continuity of a coal scam I and of the course'of tectonic dislocations in a coal block 30 is according to this invention accomplished by means of an arrangement (see FIG. 6) where a generator 33 of oscillations connected to one input of aseimic amplifier 35 is connected to the fuse 34 of the charges, arranged in the blast base 22 of the mine gallery 16a.
  • a source 36 of DC voltage is connected to a second input of the seismic amplifier 35.
  • Groups of seismic pick-up devices arranged in the registration base 17 in the mine gallery 16c are connected to other inputs of the seismic amplifier 35.
  • the output of the seismic amplifier 35 is connected with a registration machine 37, which itself is connected to time standard 38.
  • the registration machine 37 and the time standard are connected to a supply source 39.
  • the geophones 26a, 26b are in the seismic pick-up device 25 (see FIG. 7) arranged in two systems so, that the axis 32a of maximum sensitivity of the geophones 26a are perpendicular to the axis 32b of maximum sensitivity of geophones 26b.
  • the required sensitivity of the seismic pick-up device .25 is achieved by increasing the number of geophones 26a, or 26b respectively, connected in series and oriented with conformingly situated axis 32a or 32b of maximum sensitivity.
  • a multicomponent blast base directionally orientated composed of charges arranged along a line forming an angle of 45 to with respect to the direction of the main beams of a transverse seam wave, a fuse for discharge of said charges, a generator of oscillations, a registration base composed of a number of seismic pick-up devices, said seismic pick-up devices arranged at the edge of a free surface, created by partial interruption of the coal seam by a mine gallery, a seismic amplifier having a number of inputs and at least one output, a registration device, a time standard, a DC voltage source for the seismic amplifier and a supply source for energizing the registration device and the time standard, the generator of oscillations connected to the fuse for disimum sensitivity of which are at an angle between 45 to with respect to the main beam of the direct or reflected transverse seam wave generated by the blast and simultaneously parallel with the plane of the coal seam (l).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
US00262071A 1971-06-29 1972-06-12 Arrangement for determination of the continuity of thickness and of structural-tectonic elements of mineable layers, particularly of coal seams Expired - Lifetime US3858167A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961307A (en) * 1973-09-12 1976-06-01 Ruhrkohle Aktiengesellschaft Exploration of the boundaries of an underground coal seam
US4146870A (en) * 1976-07-28 1979-03-27 Mobil Oil Corporation Seismic exploration for dipping formations
US4351035A (en) * 1978-10-20 1982-09-21 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Method of and apparatus for locating disturbances in a mineral seam
US4393484A (en) * 1979-10-19 1983-07-12 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Method of stacking seismic data
US4648478A (en) * 1984-01-23 1987-03-10 Institut Francais Du Petrol Device for generating sound pulses inside a well, by percussion
US4653031A (en) * 1979-10-19 1987-03-24 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Mapping faults in a geological seam
US5005159A (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-04-02 Exxon Production Research Company Continuity logging using differenced signal detection
US5144590A (en) * 1991-08-08 1992-09-01 B P America, Inc. Bed continuity detection and analysis using crosswell seismic data
US5260911A (en) * 1990-05-25 1993-11-09 Mason Iain M Seismic surveying
US6108606A (en) * 1996-09-17 2000-08-22 Gas Research Institute Waveguide disturbance detection method
CN113138415A (zh) * 2021-04-21 2021-07-20 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 一种基于岩性反演数据体快速预测煤层厚度的方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA017027B1 (ru) * 2009-08-25 2012-09-28 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Белгорхимпром" (Оао "Белгорхимпром") Способ выявления зон вертикальной трещиноватости в горном массиве
CN107831530B (zh) * 2017-10-25 2019-03-26 山东科技大学 厚煤层沿底板或顶板掘进煤巷反射槽波超前探测方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3352375A (en) * 1962-03-07 1967-11-14 Seismos Gmbh Method and arrangement for detecting faults traversing a mineral stratum

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3352375A (en) * 1962-03-07 1967-11-14 Seismos Gmbh Method and arrangement for detecting faults traversing a mineral stratum

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Krey, Channel Waves As a Tool of Applied Geophysics In Coal Mining , 10/63, pg. 701 714, Geophysics, Vol. 28, No. 5, Part 1. *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961307A (en) * 1973-09-12 1976-06-01 Ruhrkohle Aktiengesellschaft Exploration of the boundaries of an underground coal seam
US4146870A (en) * 1976-07-28 1979-03-27 Mobil Oil Corporation Seismic exploration for dipping formations
US4351035A (en) * 1978-10-20 1982-09-21 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Method of and apparatus for locating disturbances in a mineral seam
US4393484A (en) * 1979-10-19 1983-07-12 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Method of stacking seismic data
US4653031A (en) * 1979-10-19 1987-03-24 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Mapping faults in a geological seam
US4648478A (en) * 1984-01-23 1987-03-10 Institut Francais Du Petrol Device for generating sound pulses inside a well, by percussion
US5005159A (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-04-02 Exxon Production Research Company Continuity logging using differenced signal detection
EP0426381A3 (en) * 1989-11-01 1992-02-26 Exxon Production Research Company Continuity logging waves in a lithographic region between two boreholes
US5260911A (en) * 1990-05-25 1993-11-09 Mason Iain M Seismic surveying
US5144590A (en) * 1991-08-08 1992-09-01 B P America, Inc. Bed continuity detection and analysis using crosswell seismic data
US6108606A (en) * 1996-09-17 2000-08-22 Gas Research Institute Waveguide disturbance detection method
CN113138415A (zh) * 2021-04-21 2021-07-20 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 一种基于岩性反演数据体快速预测煤层厚度的方法

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GB1382708A (en) 1975-02-05
DE2227365A1 (de) 1973-02-15
CS150849B1 (cs) 1973-09-17
JPS5536955B1 (cs) 1980-09-25

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