US3853627A - Lithium electric cells with novel positive active materials and non-aqueous electrolyte - Google Patents

Lithium electric cells with novel positive active materials and non-aqueous electrolyte Download PDF

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US3853627A
US3853627A US00137845A US13784571A US3853627A US 3853627 A US3853627 A US 3853627A US 00137845 A US00137845 A US 00137845A US 13784571 A US13784571 A US 13784571A US 3853627 A US3853627 A US 3853627A
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tetrahydrofuran
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propylene carbonate
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carbonate
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G Lehmann
J Gabano
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SAFT Societe des Accumulateurs Fixes et de Traction SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte

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  • This invention relates to electric cells with non- Lastlyto be "Q that oxldlzlng Properties of aquegus electrolytes, f h type comprising a li hi CrO are not used in the electrochemical reaction.
  • negative electrode Good results have also been obtained with electro-
  • f this type thg positive lytes comprising other solvents than the hcreabove active material is generally constituted by copper sull mehhmed fide, silver chloride, copper chloride, silver oxide and h "bled feature Pf thls f F less advantageously mercuric chloride electric cell of the type comprising a lithium negative
  • the electrolyte maybe preferably a molar solution of electrqde the poslhve active 'f bemg mamly lithium perchlorate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and ihorhpnsed of a chromate Selected from the group L2 dimethoxyethane l5 sisting of argent
  • Electrolyte Solvent ls Selected from the insoluble as possible so that its transport towards the group g g of groptylene g i E f l negative electrode in the dissolved state is prevented.
  • chromate selected from the lQWmg PTOPOYUOYIS y Volume) y be used group consisting of argentous chromate and lead chromate which have been found to meet these require emhydmfumh (THF) 70 propylene carbonate (PC) 30 memstetrahydrofuran (Tl-IF) 20 dimethyl carbonate (DMC) 80 Argentous chromate, Ag CrO and lead chromate P py gg a e (5) l g g gs e (M R 50 PbCrO, are more especially advantageous in that they propylene tetr y m Eg are particularly insoluble in the above-mentioned electhoxyethane (DME) 24 Y trolyte, which is a molar of 1.5 molar solution of lithlehahydmhm" (THF) 70 dmethoxyethme (DME) 30 ium perchlorate in
  • solubility has been found in pracaccording to the invention and the solubility of argentice to be 260 mg/l for argentous chromate and even tous chromate in such electrolytes have been gathered less for lead chromate whereas for example, silver chlo- 40 in Table 1.
  • Li Cl 0, [M 8.9 100 7 THF-DMC (/20) Li Cl 0, 1.5 M 4.90 8 THF-DMC (26/80) ride and argentic oxide are found to have respective solubilities of 439 and 535 mg/l.
  • the capacity per unit of volume of the argentous chromate-lithium system is about 627 ampere-hours per dm" and its energy per unit of volume is about 2,000 watts-hours per dm.
  • the 60 capacity per unit volume of lead chromate is 695 Ah/dm and its energy is about 2,160 Wh per dm. It may be seen that such systems are very interesting particularly for producing miniature cells of high voltage and low discharge rate.
  • FIG. 3 shows a graph which shows the discharge of a similar cell across a 62,000 ohm resistor
  • FIG. 4 is a graph which shows a polarization curve of a system using lead chromate as positive active material
  • FIG. 5 is a graph which shows polarization curves of systems according to the invention using argentous chromate as postive active material and electrolyte with various solvents all according to the invention.
  • the cell C is of the button type comprising a metallic bottom cup and a metallic cover 11, both, for example, of stamped nickel plated steel.
  • the cathode 12 is mainly made of argentous chromate according to the invention. It is a mixture of 99 percent argentous chromate and 1 percent carbon black (or any other material ensuring a good electrical conductivity of the electrode). This mixture is directly pressed into cup 10 and is held in place as by ring 13, made. e.g., of stamped steel.
  • the anode I4 is a lithium disk.
  • a grid 15 made of nickel plated steel, or stainless steel. is welded to cover 11 of the cell and is embedded in this disk 14. This ensures both good cohesion and good electrical contact.
  • the separator bears reference 16. It may be constituted by one or several layers of felted fibers unaltered by the electrolyte and the active materials.
  • Polypropylene can be advantageously used in contact with the positive electrode or cathode I2 and cellulosic materials in contact with the negative electrode or anode I4.
  • Example I The non-aqueous electrolyte of cell C is constituted by a lithium perchlorate solution in a solution ina solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran and 1-2 dimethoxyethane. This solution may comprise 62 percent by weight of tetrahydrofuran. 27 percent by weight of dimethoxyethane and II percent of lithium perchlorate.
  • An electrically insulating gasket 17 ensures the sealing between the joined bottom cup 10 and the cover 11 of the casing and also the electrical insulation of those two parts which respectively constitute the electric terminals of the cell.
  • cathode I2 Ag CrO (99 percent) by weight plus carbon black (1 percent by weight): 750 mg, theoretical capacity 120 mAh.
  • anode 14 lithium disk 1.2 mm thick 8.4 mm diameter with an embedded stainless steel grid 15 welded to the negative cover 11. electrolyte with the above-mentioned composition:
  • the curve of FIG. 2 illustrates the discharge across the 9,100 ohm resistor and that of FIG. 3 the discharge across the 62,000 ohm resistor.
  • the composition of the cathode material was as follows: lead chromate 99 percent and carbon black 1% both by weight.
  • the open circuit voltage was about 3.10 V.
  • the average voltage of such a cell discharged through a 62,000 ohm resistor was 2.56 V with PC and 2.47 V with the mixture PC-TI-IF.
  • Polarization curves of such a system were obtained by galvanostatic The open circuit voltage was in all cases about 3.2 volts.
  • Miniature electric cell with a nonaqueous electrolyte said cell being of the type comprising a lithium negative electrode and a positive electrode whose active material consists of about I percent by weight of carbon black as conductive material and about 99 percent by weight of argentous chromate.
  • Sealed miniature cell comprising a cathode consisting by weight of about 1% carbon black and about 99% of argentous chromate as active material, an anode of lithium, a non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of lithium perchlorate solution in a-solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, mixtures of tetrahydrofuran dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran propylene carbonate, methylformate propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran dimethyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran dimethoxyethane propylene carbonate, a separator comprised of layers of'felted fibers unaltered by the electrolyte and the said active material, a casing comprising a metallic bottom cup into which said cathode is deposited and a metallic cover, said bottom cup and the cover constituting the respective terminals of the cell and being in direct electrical contact respectively with the

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Electric cells of high energy density with lithium negative electrodes, substantially insoluble positive active materials selected from the group of argentous chromate and lead chromate and a non-aqueous electrolyte which is a molar or 1.5 molar solution of lithium perchlorate in a solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran-propylene carbonate, methylformatepropylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran-dimethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran-dimethoxyethane-propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofurandimethoxyethane, and tetrahydrofurandimethoxyethane-propylene carbonate.

Description

United States Patent Lehmann et all.
Jan. 14,1971
LITHIUM ELECTRIC CELLS WITH NOVEL POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIALS AND NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE Inventors: Gerard Lehmann; Jean-Paul Gabano, both of Poitiers, France Societe des Accumulateurs Fixes et de Traction (Societe Anonyme), Romainville, France Filed: Apr. 27, 1971 Appl. No.2 137,845
Assignee:
Foreign Application Priority Data France 71.01175 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10/1951 Ruben.....
l/1957 Shorr 136/137 2,967,898 1/1961 Ruben 136/119 3,189,485 6/1965 Panzer 136/93 3,310,436 3/1967 Ralston et a1 136/137 X 3,468,708 9/1969 Davis et al........ 136/137 X 3,511,716 5/1970 Gabano et a1 136/100 R 3,658,592 4/1972 Dey 136/6 3,681,143 8/1972 Dey 136/83 R Primary ExaminerAnthony Ska'pars Attorney, Agent, or Firm---Kenyon & Kenyon Reilly Carr & Chapin [57] ABSTRACT Electric cells of high energy density with lithium negative electrodes, substantially insoluble positive active materials selected from the group of argentous chromate and lead chromate and a non-aqueous electrolyte which is a molar or 1.5 molar solution of lithium perchlorate in a solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran-propylene carbonate, methylformatepropylene carbonate, tetrahydrofurandimethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran-dimethoxyethane-propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofurandimethoxyethane, and tetrahydrofuran-dimethoxyethanepropylene carbonate.
7 11 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures PAIENTEL SEC 1 0 I974 SHEET 2 OF 3 INVENTORS GERARD LEHMANN JEAN- PAUL GABANO BY f firormzvs PATENTED DEC 1 01974 sum 3 or 3 m o h S l 1 0 A INVENTOR GERARD LEHMANN JEAN-PAUL GABANO BY 7 7 ATTORN YS LITHIUM ELECTRIC CELLS WITH NOVEL PDSllTllVE ACTIVE MATERIALS AND NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BACKGROUND OF INVENTION voltage level whereas, for example, the basic chromate Ag CrO is discharged at two voltage levels. As already mentioned, argentous chromate and lead chromate are very insoluble compounds by themselves. Moreover,
5 they do not form any soluble complex during discharge.
This invention relates to electric cells with non- Lastlyto be "Q that oxldlzlng Properties of aquegus electrolytes, f h type comprising a li hi CrO are not used in the electrochemical reaction. negative electrode Good results have also been obtained with electro- In the presently known cells f this type thg positive lytes comprising other solvents than the hcreabove active material is generally constituted by copper sull mehhmed fide, silver chloride, copper chloride, silver oxide and h "bled feature Pf thls f F less advantageously mercuric chloride electric cell of the type comprising a lithium negative The electrolyte maybe preferably a molar solution of electrqde the poslhve active 'f bemg mamly lithium perchlorate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and ihorhpnsed of a chromate Selected from the group L2 dimethoxyethane l5 sisting of argentous chromate and lead chromate,
In such a cell the positive active material must be as wherem Electrolyte Solvent ls Selected from the insoluble as possible so that its transport towards the group g g of groptylene g i E f l negative electrode in the dissolved state is prevented. uran y Car Ona an mlx 0 6 Ya Researches have been carried out with the object of drofurahpropylehe carbonate methylfmmate propy' finding new positive active materials which can be used lehe Carbonate tetrh'hydrohlrah dlmethyl carbonate in such a cell, are insoluble in the electrolyte and protetrahydrofurah dlmethqxyethane propylene carbon vide Suitable energy ate and tetrahydrofuran-dlmethoxyethane.
Principal objects and features of the present inven Advahtageouhy the ele ctmlyte ehher a molar or tion are an electric cell with a non-aqueous electrolyte, mhlar Soluhon of hthum f l more espe' of the type Comprising a lithium negative elgctmdea cially if the electrolyte solvent is a mixture tetrahywherein the positive active material is substantially indrofurandlmethyl carbonatesoluble in the electrolyte while providing suitable enthe Case f the abQve-memmed mlxtures, the ergy. It mainly comprises a chromate selected from the lQWmg PTOPOYUOYIS y Volume) y be used group consisting of argentous chromate and lead chromate which have been found to meet these require emhydmfumh (THF) 70 propylene carbonate (PC) 30 memstetrahydrofuran (Tl-IF) 20 dimethyl carbonate (DMC) 80 Argentous chromate, Ag CrO and lead chromate P py gg a e (5) l g g gs e (M R 50 PbCrO, are more especially advantageous in that they propylene tetr y m Eg are particularly insoluble in the above-mentioned electhoxyethane (DME) 24 Y trolyte, which is a molar of 1.5 molar solution of lithlehahydmhm" (THF) 70 dmethoxyethme (DME) 30 ium perchlorate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and di Results relating to the conductivity of the electrolytes methoxyethane. The solubility has been found in pracaccording to the invention and the solubility of argentice to be 260 mg/l for argentous chromate and even tous chromate in such electrolytes have been gathered less for lead chromate whereas for example, silver chlo- 40 in Table 1.
TABLE 1 No. Electrolyte Conductivity Solubility Ag Cr (ohm y l0 O,(Mg/l in Ag) 1 PC. Li Cl 0, lM 4,85 15 2 THF, Li Cl 0, IM 3 0 3 DMC, Li Cl 0, IM 5 I06 4 PC-MF (/50 in vol.),
Li Cl 0,1M IS 36 THF-PC (/30).
Li Cl 0, IM 9.5 35 e THF-DME-PC (56/24/20),
, Li Cl 0, [M 8.9 100 7 THF-DMC (/20) Li Cl 0, 1.5 M 4.90 8 THF-DMC (26/80) ride and argentic oxide are found to have respective solubilities of 439 and 535 mg/l. The capacity per unit of volume of the argentous chromate-lithium system is about 627 ampere-hours per dm" and its energy per unit of volume is about 2,000 watts-hours per dm. The 60 capacity per unit volume of lead chromate is 695 Ah/dm and its energy is about 2,160 Wh per dm. It may be seen that such systems are very interesting particularly for producing miniature cells of high voltage and low discharge rate.
They are all the more interesting as either argentous chromate or lead chromate are discharged at only one Li Cl 0 L5 M Tests have been made at the boiling temperature of the said solvents. The results obtained for the PC-MF (No. 4 above) and PC-THF (No. 3 above) mixtures are as follows:
TABLE 2-Continued Vol. PC Vol. MF Boiling Temp. C
DRAWINGS FIG. 3 shows a graph which shows the discharge of a similar cell across a 62,000 ohm resistor;
FIG. 4 is a graph which shows a polarization curve of a system using lead chromate as positive active material; and
FIG. 5 is a graph which shows polarization curves of systems according to the invention using argentous chromate as postive active material and electrolyte with various solvents all according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Miniature sealed ce lls o t very small size have been made according to the invention and may, for instance, be used in watches.
The structure of such cells is shown in FIG. 1 of the annexed drawings.
As may be seen in FIG. I, the cell C is of the button type comprising a metallic bottom cup and a metallic cover 11, both, for example, of stamped nickel plated steel. The cathode 12 is mainly made of argentous chromate according to the invention. It is a mixture of 99 percent argentous chromate and 1 percent carbon black (or any other material ensuring a good electrical conductivity of the electrode). This mixture is directly pressed into cup 10 and is held in place as by ring 13, made. e.g., of stamped steel.
The anode I4 is a lithium disk. A grid 15 made of nickel plated steel, or stainless steel. is welded to cover 11 of the cell and is embedded in this disk 14. This ensures both good cohesion and good electrical contact.
The separator bears reference 16. It may be constituted by one or several layers of felted fibers unaltered by the electrolyte and the active materials. Polypropylene can be advantageously used in contact with the positive electrode or cathode I2 and cellulosic materials in contact with the negative electrode or anode I4.
Example I The non-aqueous electrolyte of cell C is constituted by a lithium perchlorate solution in a solution ina solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran and 1-2 dimethoxyethane. This solution may comprise 62 percent by weight of tetrahydrofuran. 27 percent by weight of dimethoxyethane and II percent of lithium perchlorate.
An electrically insulating gasket 17 ensures the sealing between the joined bottom cup 10 and the cover 11 of the casing and also the electrical insulation of those two parts which respectively constitute the electric terminals of the cell.
Cells have been made with the following characteristics:
cathode I2: Ag CrO (99 percent) by weight plus carbon black (1 percent by weight): 750 mg, theoretical capacity 120 mAh. anode 14: lithium disk 1.2 mm thick 8.4 mm diameter with an embedded stainless steel grid 15 welded to the negative cover 11. electrolyte with the above-mentioned composition:
100 microliters in the cathode and 80 microliters in the anode compartments. Total weight of the cell 1.7 g
Outer diameter l 1.2 mm
Total height 5.8 mm
Total volume of the cell 0.58 cm After a 24 hours rest, the cell C discharging across a 9,100 ohm resistor has given the following results:
average discharge voltage 2.95 volts discharge time 380 hrs (end voltage 1.7v)
discharged capacity 120 mAh cathode efiiciency 10071 output energy 355 mwh energy per unit of volume 615 wh/dm" internal resistance about I00 ohms at half discharge Other tests have been made by discharging the cell across a 62,000 ohm resistor (discharge time: about 3 months). It has been found that after operating for about 1,200 hours. the cell voltage was quite steady and equal to 3.15 volts These tests are illustrated by the curves of FIGS. 2 and 3 which represent the discharge voltage plotted against the discharge time, voltage V in volts being plotted as ordinates and time T as abscissae.
The curve of FIG. 2 illustrates the discharge across the 9,100 ohm resistor and that of FIG. 3 the discharge across the 62,000 ohm resistor.
Other cells have been made by substituting lead chromate for argentous chromate, and either propylene.car bonate or a mixture of (PC) propylene carbonate 20 percent by volume tetrahydrofuran (TI-IF) 70 percent by volume for the mixture of tetrahydrofurandimethoxyethane.
In such cells, the composition of the cathode material was as follows: lead chromate 99 percent and carbon black 1% both by weight. The open circuit voltage was about 3.10 V. The average voltage of such a cell discharged through a 62,000 ohm resistor was 2.56 V with PC and 2.47 V with the mixture PC-TI-IF. Polarization curves of such a system were obtained by galvanostatic The open circuit voltage was in all cases about 3.2 volts.
Discharge tests of the cells with electrolytes 1-8 of Table 1 across a 62,000 ohm resistor'at 30C. have been carried out; the following table gives the average voltages obtained with such cells.
' TABLE 3 No. Electrolyte from table 1 Average voltage (in volts) The polarization curves of the various systems have been plotted by galvanostatic sweeping at a rate of 4 mA per cm per hour. I
These curves arereproduced in FIG. 5. in FIG 5, the voltage V in volts, has been plotted as ordinates and the current density D in milliamperes per cm in abscissae. The reference numbers given to the curves correspond to the number of the electrolyte (table 1) used for each miniature cell. These curves show that the systems according to the invention, using argentous chromate as positive active material have a relatively high dischargeability and can bear without excessive polarization discharges at relatively high current densities, as
compared to the usual rate used in watches to microamperes per cm').
It is to be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the embodiments which have been described and illustrated solely as examples. More especially, it is possible to bring some modifications, change some dispositions or replace some means by equivalent means within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
What is claimed is l. Miniature electric cell with a nonaqueous electrolyte, said cell being of the type comprising a lithium negative electrode and a positive electrode whose active material consists of about I percent by weight of carbon black as conductive material and about 99 percent by weight of argentous chromate.
2. Miniature electric cell according to claim 1, wherein said electrolyte consists of a solution of lithium perchlorate in a solvent, said solvent being selected from the group consisting of polypropylene carbonate,
tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, mixtures of tetrahydrofuran dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran propylene carbonate, methylformate propylene carbonate,
tetrahydrofuran dimethyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran dimethoxyethane propylene carbonate.
3. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of percent tetrahydrofuran and 30 percent dimethoxyethane.
4; Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of about 50 percent of propylene carbonate and 50 percent of methylformate.
5. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists of volume of about 70' percent tetrahydrofuran and 30 percent propylene carbonate.
6. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of 20 percent tetrahydrofuran and percent dimethyl carbonate.
7. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of about 56 percent tetrahydrofuran, 24 percent dimethoxyethane and 20 percent propylene carbonate.
8. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the lithium perchlorate solution ranges from molar to 1.5 molar.
9. Sealed miniature cell comprising a cathode consisting by weight of about 1% carbon black and about 99% of argentous chromate as active material, an anode of lithium, a non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of lithium perchlorate solution in a-solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, mixtures of tetrahydrofuran dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran propylene carbonate, methylformate propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran dimethyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran dimethoxyethane propylene carbonate, a separator comprised of layers of'felted fibers unaltered by the electrolyte and the said active material, a casing comprising a metallic bottom cup into which said cathode is deposited and a metallic cover, said bottom cup and the cover constituting the respective terminals of the cell and being in direct electrical contact respectively with the cathode and the anode and an insulating gasket separating said cup and cover. 10. Miniature cell according to claim 9 wherein a non-corroding grid is embedded in the lithium disk constituting the anode, and welded to said cover constituting the negative terminal.
11. Minature cell according to claim 10 wherein grid is of stainless steel.
said
UNITED STATES PATENT oEEEEE EIHCATE M CQEQTWN Patent N D d December 10 l Gerard Lehmann and Jean-Paul Gabano It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hengby corrected as shown below:
In Item 30 of the title page of this patent "Foreign Application Priority Data" should read:
---October 29, 1970 France 70 39 1A0 ----=-January 1 1971 France 71 O1 175 -a Signe and ficaled this twenty-ninth 9.) 0? July 1975 [SEAL] A ttes t:
RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN AINS I'HX ()ffI'CPr (ummissiuner oflatcms and Trademark-x F ORM PO-105O (10-69) USCOMM-DC 60378-P69 u 5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING orncs: 930

Claims (11)

1. MINIATURE ELECTRIC CELL WITH A NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE, SAID ELL BEING OF THE TYPE COMPRISING A LITHIUM NEGATIVE ELECTRODE AND A POSITIVE ELECTRODE WHOSE ACTIVE MATERIAL CONSISTS OF ABOUT 1 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF CARBON BLACK AS CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL AND ABOUT 99 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ARGENTOUS CHROMATE.
2. Miniature electric cell according to claim 1, wherein said electrolyte consists of a solution of lithium perchlorate in a solvent, said solvent being selected from the group consisting of polypropylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, mixtures of tetrahydrofuran - dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran -propylene carbonate, methylformate - propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran - dimethyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran -dimethoxyethane - propylene carbonate.
3. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of 70 percent tetrahydrofuran and 30 percent dimethoxyethane.
4. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of about 50 percent of propylene carbonate and 50 percent of methylformate.
5. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists of volume of about 70 percent tetrahydrofuran and 30 percent propylene carbonate.
6. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of 20 PERCENT tetrahydrofuran and 80 percent dimethyl carbonate.
7. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the said solvent consists by volume of about 56 percent tetrahydrofuran, 24 percent dimethoxyethane and 20 percent propylene carbonate.
8. Electric cell according to claim 2 wherein the lithium perchlorate solution ranges from molar to 1.5 molar.
9. Sealed miniature cell comprising a cathode consisting by weight of about 1% carbon black and about 99% of argentous chromate as active material, an anode of lithium, a non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of lithium perchlorate solution in a solvent selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl carbonate, mixtures of tetrahydrofuran - dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran - propylene carbonate, methylformate - propylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran -dimethyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran - dimethoxyethane -propylene carbonate, a separator comprised of layers of felted fibers unaltered by the electrolyte and the said active material, a casing comprising a matallic bottom cup into which said cathode is deposited and a metallic cover, said bottom cup and the cover constituting the respective terminals of the cell and being in direct electrical contact respectively with the cathode and the anode and an insulating gasket separating said cup and cover.
10. Miniature cell according to claim 9 wherein a non-corroding grid is embedded in the lithium disk constituting the anode, and welded to said cover constituting the negative terminal.
11. Minature cell according to claim 10 wherein said grid is of stainless steel.
US00137845A 1970-10-29 1971-04-27 Lithium electric cells with novel positive active materials and non-aqueous electrolyte Expired - Lifetime US3853627A (en)

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FR7039140A FR2110765A5 (en) 1970-10-29 1970-10-29 Electrochemical cell - using a lithium anode chromate cathode opt with soot and a non-aqueous electrolyte
FR7101175A FR2122011A6 (en) 1971-01-14 1971-01-14 Electrochemical cell - using a lithium anode chromate cathode opt with soot and a non-aqueous electrolyte

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Cited By (46)

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US3957533A (en) * 1974-11-19 1976-05-18 Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. Lithium-iodine battery having coated anode
US3970475A (en) * 1973-10-29 1976-07-20 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Primary cell, in which the positive active material is silver chromate
US3981748A (en) * 1975-08-14 1976-09-21 Esb Incorporated Non-aqueous, primary battery having a blended cathode active material
US3998658A (en) * 1975-01-31 1976-12-21 P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. High voltage organic electrolyte batteries
US4016338A (en) * 1975-09-06 1977-04-05 Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft Galvanic element
US4018970A (en) * 1974-10-17 1977-04-19 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Electric cell
US4056663A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-11-01 P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. Performance in an organic electrolyte
JPS52132330A (en) * 1976-04-28 1977-11-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Flat battery
JPS52150726U (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-11-15
JPS52150725U (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-11-15
US4069374A (en) * 1976-03-09 1978-01-17 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction High energy density electric cells
US4069373A (en) * 1975-09-15 1978-01-17 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Positive active material for primary batteries having high energy density
US4091188A (en) * 1976-03-08 1978-05-23 P.R. Mallory & Co. Inc. Ultraminiature high energy density cell
US4113929A (en) * 1977-11-14 1978-09-12 Esb Incorporated Non-aqueous primary battery having a pure silver chromate cathode
US4121020A (en) * 1977-01-21 1978-10-17 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Ultra-thin button-type primary electrochemical cell
US4129691A (en) * 1977-01-19 1978-12-12 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Organic solvent electrolytes for high specific energy primary cells
US4158723A (en) * 1977-10-14 1979-06-19 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction High specific energy battery
US4184016A (en) * 1977-10-18 1980-01-15 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Double chromate composition for use as a positive active material in batteries and battery
US4233374A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-11-11 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Double chromate compositions for use as positive active material in batteries
US4423124A (en) * 1975-01-30 1983-12-27 Duracell Inc. Lithium-metal chromate organic electrolyte cell and method for cathode
US4429026A (en) 1982-01-20 1984-01-31 Polaroid Corporation Laminar multicell lithium batteries
US4477544A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-10-16 Polaroid Corporation Intercell connector for lithium batteries
US4502903A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-03-05 Polaroid Corporation Method of making lithium batteries with laminar anodes
US4621035A (en) * 1982-01-20 1986-11-04 Polaroid Corporation Lithium batteries with laminar anodes
US4957833A (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-09-18 Bridgestone Corporation Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte cell
US5587258A (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-12-24 Litronik Batterietechnologie Gmbh & Co. Galvanic cell having improved cathode
US5658688A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-08-19 Mine Safety Appliances Company Lithium-silver oxide battery and lithium-mercuric oxide battery
US5741608A (en) * 1995-12-12 1998-04-21 Sony Corporation Multi-layer type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell
USD423450S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-04-25 The Gillette Company Battery
USD425016S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-05-16 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
USD425478S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-05-23 The Gillette Company Battery
USD425477S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-05-23 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426189S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-06 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426188S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-06 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
USD426517S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426516S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
USD426514S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426515S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426807S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-20 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426806S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-20 The Gillette Company Battery
USD427144S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-27 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
WO2002082565A2 (en) * 2001-04-06 2002-10-17 Changs Ascending Enterprise Co., Ltd. Structure and methods of fabricating binding layers for a li-ion polymer battery
US20050058902A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Xiandong Wang Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US20050058903A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Cahit Eylem Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US20060228629A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-12 Christian Paul A Lithium battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US20080008937A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-10 Cahit Eylem Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide

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US4016338A (en) * 1975-09-06 1977-04-05 Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft Galvanic element
US4069373A (en) * 1975-09-15 1978-01-17 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Positive active material for primary batteries having high energy density
US4056663A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-11-01 P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. Performance in an organic electrolyte
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JPS52132330A (en) * 1976-04-28 1977-11-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Flat battery
JPS5547246Y2 (en) * 1976-05-12 1980-11-06
JPS52150725U (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-11-15
JPS52150726U (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-11-15
JPS5547247Y2 (en) * 1976-05-12 1980-11-06
US4129691A (en) * 1977-01-19 1978-12-12 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Organic solvent electrolytes for high specific energy primary cells
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US4184016A (en) * 1977-10-18 1980-01-15 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Double chromate composition for use as a positive active material in batteries and battery
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US4233374A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-11-11 Saft-Societe Des Accumulateurs Fixes Et De Traction Double chromate compositions for use as positive active material in batteries
US4429026A (en) 1982-01-20 1984-01-31 Polaroid Corporation Laminar multicell lithium batteries
US4477544A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-10-16 Polaroid Corporation Intercell connector for lithium batteries
US4502903A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-03-05 Polaroid Corporation Method of making lithium batteries with laminar anodes
US4621035A (en) * 1982-01-20 1986-11-04 Polaroid Corporation Lithium batteries with laminar anodes
US4957833A (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-09-18 Bridgestone Corporation Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte cell
US5658688A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-08-19 Mine Safety Appliances Company Lithium-silver oxide battery and lithium-mercuric oxide battery
US5587258A (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-12-24 Litronik Batterietechnologie Gmbh & Co. Galvanic cell having improved cathode
US5741608A (en) * 1995-12-12 1998-04-21 Sony Corporation Multi-layer type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell
USD426806S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-20 The Gillette Company Battery
USD425016S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-05-16 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
USD425478S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-05-23 The Gillette Company Battery
USD425477S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-05-23 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426189S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-06 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426188S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-06 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
USD426517S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426516S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
USD426514S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426515S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-13 The Gillette Company Battery
USD426807S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-20 The Gillette Company Battery
USD423450S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-04-25 The Gillette Company Battery
USD427144S (en) * 1999-08-20 2000-06-27 The Gillette Company Zinc/air battery
WO2002082565A2 (en) * 2001-04-06 2002-10-17 Changs Ascending Enterprise Co., Ltd. Structure and methods of fabricating binding layers for a li-ion polymer battery
WO2002082565A3 (en) * 2001-04-06 2003-02-20 Changs Ascending Entpr Co Ltd Structure and methods of fabricating binding layers for a li-ion polymer battery
US6727017B1 (en) 2001-04-06 2004-04-27 Changs Ascending Enterprise Co., Ltd. Methods of fabricating binding layers for a Li-ion polymer battery
CN1319187C (en) * 2001-04-06 2007-05-30 长园企业有限公司 Structure and method for producing binding layers for lithium ion polymer battery
US20050058902A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Xiandong Wang Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US20050058903A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Cahit Eylem Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US7407726B2 (en) 2003-09-16 2008-08-05 The Gillette Company Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US7537863B2 (en) 2003-09-16 2009-05-26 The Gillette Company Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US20060228629A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-12 Christian Paul A Lithium battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US7300722B2 (en) 2005-04-11 2007-11-27 The Gillette Company Lithium battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US20080008937A1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-10 Cahit Eylem Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide
US7972726B2 (en) 2006-07-10 2011-07-05 The Gillette Company Primary alkaline battery containing bismuth metal oxide

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