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Definitions

• ethynylbenzene compounds have pharmacological properties which are useful for the relief and inhibition of inflammation conditions and are neutral substances.
• This invention comprises a class of novel chemical compounds which are ethynylbenzene compounds or derivatives. Also the benzene ring is further substituted.
• This invention also describes a new method for treating inflammation as well as pain and fever and also novel therapeutic compositions.
• the para position is the preferred position for the R substituents.
• the meta position is the preferred position for the Y and Y substituents, and the ortho position is the preferred position for the Y" substituents.
• the more preferred compounds of formula IV are those where Y is halo.
• Alkenyl refers to an unsaturated or partially unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing from 2 to about 7 carbon atoms which may be straight chained or branched.
• Cycloalkyl refers to a hydrocarbon ring having up to about seven carbon atoms.
• Cycloalkenyl refers to a partially unsaturated hydrocarbon ring having up to about seven carbon atoms.
• Aryl refers to any benzenoid or non-benzenoid ar- 7 omatic group but preferably phenyl.
• R isaryloxy, arylthio, arylamino, aroyl or heteryl.
• the preferred aroyl is benzoyl, loweralkylbenzoyl such as toluoyl or halobenzoyl such as p-chlorobenzoyl,
• Heteryl refers to a heterocyclic ringhaving -7 atoms which is'saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated and containing one or more of the same or different hetero atoms of N, S or O. -halo-4 Representative heteryl rings include such as thienyl, furyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl; pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyranyl, ZH-pyrrolyl, imidaz'olidinyl, imidazolinyl,
• the compounds of this invention may be prepared by the following general procedures.
• Chlorination or .bromination v may be carried out in the presence of a small amount of iodine dissolved in an inert solvent such as carbon tetrachloride. A solution of chlorine or bromine is then added while the temperature is held near 0C. Nitration is carried out with fuming nitric acid at about 0C. The following reaction equations illustrate this method.
• Y and Y substitutents can be prepared by using suitable reactions in order to convert one group to another.
• a 3-halo-4-substitutedphenylglyoxylate in which halo is chloro, bromo or iodo may be a. reacted with cuprous cyanide in quinoline at about C to produce a 3-cyano-4-substitutedphenylglyoxylate;
• a 3-nitro-4-substitutedphenylglyoxylate may be selectively hydrogenated to the corresponding amine.
• a 3-amino-4-substitutedphenylglyoxylate may then be t a. monoor dialkylated with loweralkyl halides or sulfates or acylated with loweracyl chlorides or anhydrides;
• hydroxyl group may also be alkylated with loweralkyl halides or'sulfates to the alkoxyl group or acylated with loweracyl chlorides or anhydrides to the acyloxy compound in the presence ofa tertiary amine such as pyridine,
• a second nitration or halogenation may be carried out on the 3-substitutedglyoxylate to obtain the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted-glyoxylate.
• This may be car- (a).
• the 1,2-ethanediol is treated with periodic m acid the corresponding aldehyde is prepared (b).
• the glyoxylate ester may be converted to the glyoxylic acid by acid hydrolysis, and the latter with heat decarboxylated to the substituted benzaldehyde.
• the latter method is used when Y or Y are substituents sensitive to LiAlH reduction, e.g., N0 SH, SR, SOR, I.
• Claisen condensation of a substitutedbenzaldehyde with an acetic acid ester (preferably a loweralkyl or benzyl ester) in the presence ofa metal alkoxide results in a B-substitutedphenylacrylic ester.
• the aldehyde may also be subjected to a Perkin reaction with acetic anhydride and an acetic acid salt or through a Knoevenogel condensation using malonic acid and ammonia in an amine base to obtain B-substitutedphenylacylic acid (c).
• Addition to the double bond with halogen preferably bromine
• R, Y and Y are as described above and R" is loweralkyl or butyl.
• the halogenation and nitration may be carried out in a similar manner but on the propiolic acid or ester or on the desired acetylene.
• a further preparation of the compounds of this invention may be carried out starting with a substitutedacetophenone and reacting the keto function with a halogenating agent such as phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus oxychloride and the like.
• a halogenating agent such as phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus oxychloride and the like.
• the resultant dihalo compound is then dehalogenated using sodamide in liquid ammonia to obtain the desired acetylene. This is particularly useful in obtaining the 3- halo-4-substitutedphenylacetylene from 3-halo-4- substitutedacetophenone.
• lNIluliq I-t- -CEGII I have found that the compounds of this invention exercise a useful degree of anti-inflammatory activity in mammals and are effective in the treatment of associated pain and fever and in like conditions which are responsive to treatment with anti-inflammatory agents. ln
• the compounds of this invention are indicated for a wide variety of mammalian conditions where the symptoms of inflammation and associated fever and pair are manifested.
• exemplary of such conditions are: rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases; softtissue rheumatism such as tendinitis; muscular rheumatism such as sciatica; pain and inflammation associated with dental surgery and similar human and veterinary disease conditions exhibiting the foregoing symptoms requiring the use of an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and/or antipyretic agent.
• the compounds ofthis invention are normally administered orally, topically, parenterally or rectally. Orally, these may be administered in tablets, capsules, suspensions or syrups; the optimum dosage, of course, depending on the particular compound being used and the type and severity of the condition being treated. In any specific case the appropriate dosage selected will further depend on factors of the patient which may influence response to the drug; for example, general health, age, weight, etc. Although the optimum quantities of the compounds of this invention to be used in such manner will depend on the compound employed and the particular type ofdisease condition treated, oral dose levels of preferred compounds when administered to a mammal in dosages of 0.5 to milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day are particularly useful. The preferred range is 0.5 to 15 mg/kg. Comparative dosages may be used in topical, parenteral or rectal administration.
• active acetylenic compounds may be administered alone or in admixture with antacids such as sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium silicate, etc], and non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• antacids such as sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium silicate, etc.
• excipients may be, for example, inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, lactose, etc., granulating and disintegrating agents; for example maize starch, alginic acid, etc., lubricating agents; for example, magnesium stearate, talc, etc., binding agents; for example, starch gelatin, etc., suspending agents; for example, methylcellulose, vegetable 'oil, etc., dispersing agents; for example, lecithin, etc., thickening agents; for example, beeswax, hard paraffin, etc., emulsifying agents; for example, naturally-occurring gums, etc., and non-irritating excipients; for example, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
• inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, lactose, etc., granulating and disintegrating agents
• Various tests in animals can be carried out to show the ability of the acetylenic compounds of this'invention to exhibit reactions that can be correlated with anti-inflammatory' activity in humans.
• One such test is the carrageenan paw edema test, which shows the ability of the instant compounds to inhibit edema induced by injection of an inflammatory agent such as carrageenan into the tissues of the paw of a rat against noninflammed controls.
• This carrageenan testing method is known to correlatewell with anti-inflammatory activity in humans and is a standard test used to determine antiinflammatory-activity.
• This method involves the intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of HOAc (0.6 solution; 0.1 ml/lO g) into male albino mice which produces a syndrone characterized by stretching movement.
• Analgesics prevent or suppress the stretch.
• acetylenic compounds of this invention are considered to demonstrate non-narcotic analgesic activity.
• Ethyl 3-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate cellulose Four hours after administration of compound, the animals are sacrificed and the rumens of the stomachs assayed for gastric hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is defined as an area of blood which is 1 mm or larger at the largest diameter. Diameter of the hemorrhage is recorded. The number of animals in each group with stomachs having at least one area of hemorrhage is recorded. The presence of areas of blood smaller than 1 mm, defined as petechiae, is noted but not counted in the assay. The percent hemorrhage for each group is statistically analyzed to determine the dose magnitude (ED which causes production of gastric hemorrhage in 50% of the animals.
• ED dose magnitude
• Example 1 Ethyl 4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate Cyclohexylbenzene'53 g. (0.33 mole) and 50.5 g. (0.37 mole) of ethyl oxalyl chloride are dissolved in 200 ml. of dry l,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. Anhydrous aluminum chloride 52 g. (0.39 mole) is added in small portions to the reaction mixture with stirring over 2 hours. During the addition, the temperature of the mixture is maintained between. l6l8C. The mixture is stirred for an additional hour and allowed to stand overnight. The solution is then slowly poured into 1,500 ml. of iced saline solution with stirring.
• the aqueous layer is extracted with 500 ml. of ether and the ether extract is combined with the. organic layer which is dissolved in 1,500 ml. of ether and separated.
• the ether solution is washed with 10 X ml. portions ofa 1:1 mixture of saturated sodium chloride solution and 10% HCl solution, and 5 X 100 ml. portions of water.
• the ether solution is then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate for 1 hour and filtered. The solvents are removed by distillation under reduced pressure and the residue distilled to obtain ethyl 4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• cyclohex-B-enylbenzene then the products prepared are ethyl p-cyclopentylphenylglyoxylate, ethyl p-cycloheptylphenylglyoxylate, ethyl p-(2'-methylcyclohexyl)phenylglyoxylate, ethyl pbiphenylylglyoxylate, ethyl p-i-propylphenylglyoxylate, ethyl p-i-butylphenylglyoxylate, ethyl p-tbutylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 2 Ethyl p-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate 98.9 g. (0.38 mole) and 6.1 g. of iodine (0.048 mole) and dissolved in 100 ml. of carbon tetrachloride. To this solution is added a solution of 40.4 g. (0.57 mole) of chlorine dissolved in 365 ml. of carbon tetrachloride over a period of 2 hours. During the addition, the temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 0C. The mixture is stirred for 3 hours and allowed to stand with gradual warming to room temperature over 15 hours. The solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The residue is fractionally distilled to obtain ethyl 3- chloro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 4 When bromine is used in place of chlorine in Example 2, the products obtained are shown in Table I below.
• Example 6 Ethyl 3,5-dinitro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Ethyl p-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate 17.2 g. (0.066 mole) is added to ice-cold concentrated sulfuric acid (54 ml.) and stirred with cooling for 5 minutes.
• Concentrated nitric acid (Sp. G. 1.51) (7.5 ml.) is added dropwise, maintaining the temperature between 30 and by water cooling if necessary. After addition of the nitric acid is complete, the mixture is stirred for 3 hours, then poured into water. The mixture is made alkaline with sodium hydroxide, then extracted with ether. The ether extract is washed, dried over sodium sulfite, evaporated and the residue is fractionally distilled to obtain ethyl 3,5-dinitro--4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 7 Ethyl 3-trifluoromethyl-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate To a solution of 0.01 moles of ethyl 3-bromo-4- cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in ml. of dimethylformamide is added 0.15 moles of trillluoromethyl iodide and 0.02 g. of copper powder. The reaction is shaken in a sealed tube for 5 hours at 140 C, cooled, and'then filtered and evaporated in vacuo. 200 ml of water is added to the residue and extracted with ether. The ether extract is dried, evaporated to dryness and distilled to obtain ethyl 3-trifluoromethyl 4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 8 Ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate A mixture of 15.3 g. (0.05 moles) of ethyl 3-nitro-4- cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in ml. methanol containing 0.05 mole citric acid and 1.5 g. of 5% palladium-on-carbon is shaken with hydrogen at 3 atm. pressure and 27 C until 3 moles of hydrogen are absorbed. The mixture is filtered, washed with methanol and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to obtain ethyl 3-amino- 4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate, isolated as the citrate salt.
• Example 1 Ethyl 3-cyano-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate 4 To 29.4 g. (0.1 moles) of ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in 35 ml. of 28% hydrochloric acid and.l00-ml. of cracked ice to maintain the temperature,
• Example 12 I Ethyl 3-fluoro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate To 44.2 g. (0.15 moles) of ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate glyoxylate is added at 0 C 44 ml. of 1.5 moles of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture is maintained at 0 C and the diazonium salt is prepared with 23.2 g. (0.32 moles) of 95% sodium nitrite in 80 ml. of water. To this mixture is rap- 1 idly added a solution of 10.4 g. (0.17 moles) of boric acid dissolved in 22 g (0.66 moles) of hydrofluoric acid.
• reaction mixture is then stirred for k hour and filtered, washed with 3 X 25 ml. of water, 2 X 25 ml. of methanol and 25 ml. of ether.
• the residual cake is then treated in vacuo.
• the treated cake is then placed in a distilling flask and heated to permit spontaneous decomposition. After the decomposition, the residue is then fractionally distilled to obtain ethyl 3- fluoro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 13 3-1-1ydroxy-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid
• ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate suspension 125 ml. of hydrochloric acid and cooled to 0C is added dropwise a solution of 1.2 g. of sodium nitrite in 15 ml. of water.
• 200 ml. of 50% hydrochloric acid is added portion wise and stirred for 15 hours.
• the reaction mixture is then poured onto ice water and extracted with chloroform, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is crystallized to obtain 3- hydroxy-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid.
• the ethyl ester of the product is formed by reaction with absolute ethanol containing a small amount of anhydrous hydrochloric acid.
• EXAMPLE l4 Ethyl 3-methoxy-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate To a stirred suspension of 0.01 moles of sodium hydride in 25 ml. of dry dimethylformamide which has been cooled to 0 C is added dropwise a solution of 0.01 moles of ethyl 3-hydroxy-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in 10 ml. of dimethylformamide. The reaction mixture is stirred for 15 minutes and 0.015 moles of methyliodide is then added dropwise. The mixture is allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. 200 ml. of water is added and the resulting mixture is extracted well with ether. The ether extract is washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated'to dryness and distilled to obtain ethyl 3-methoxy-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 15 3-Bromo-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid
• ethyl 3-amino-4- cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate suspension in 225 ml. of 40% hydrobromic acid and cooled to 0C is added dropwise a solution of 2.34 g. of sodium nitrite in 30 ml. of water.
• a solution of 20 g. of cuprous bromide in 350 ml. of 40% hydrobromic acid added portion wise and stirred for 15 hours.
• the reaction mixture is then poured onto ice water, extracted with chloroform, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is then crystallized to obtain 3-bromo4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid.
• the ethyl ester of the product is formed by reaction with absolute ethanol containing a small amount of anhydrous hydrochloric acid.
• Example 16 3-Iodo-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid To 0.05 moles of ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate dissolved in a mixture of 50 g. of, ice water and 0.06 moles of concentrated sulfuric acid at C is added a solution of 0.05 moles of 95% sodium nitrite in 8 ml. of water. Stirring is continued for /2 hour and then 1.5 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid is added. This solution is poured into an ice cold solution of 0.06 moles of potassium iodide in ml. of water. To this is added 0.075 g.
• Example 1 7 3-Mercapto-4 cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid To 17.3 g. of ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in l 1.1 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and g. of ice is added 4.1 g. of sodium nitrite in 2 ml. of water. This mixture is stirred for 10 min. and then added gradually to an ice cold solution of 10.3 g. of potassium ethyl xanthate in 14 ml. of water. The reaction is gradually heated over 45 minutes to 50C and stirred an additional 45 minutes.
• the ethyl ester of the product is formed by reaction with absolute ethanol containing a small amount of anhydrous hydrochloric acid.
• Example 18 Ethyl 3-methylthio-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate To 3.85 g. of ethyl 3-mercapto-4cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in 40 ml. of water containing 0.65 g. of sodium hydroxide is added 2 ml. of dimethyl sulfate with stirring. The reaction mixture is gradually warmed to 40C and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture is cooled and extracted with ether which is washed with water, dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue is distilled to obtain ethyl 3methylthio-4-cyclohexylpherylglyoxylate.
• the resultant product is ethyl 3-methylsulfinyl-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate or ethyl 3-methylsulfonyl-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• the product prepared is ethyl 3-acetylthio-4cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 19 Ethyl 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-4cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate
• a solution of 0.01 moles of ethyl 3-bromo-5- chloro-4 -cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in 50 ml. of dimethylformamide is added 0.15 moles of trifluoromethyl iodide and 0.02 g. of copper powder.
• the reac tion is shaken in a sealed tube for 5 hours at 140C, cooled, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. 200 ml. of water is added to the residue and extracted with ether.
• the ether extract is dried, evaporated to dryness and distilled to obtain ethyl 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-4- cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate.
• Example 20 Ethyl 3-amino-5-chloro-4cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate A mixture of 17.6 g. (0.05 moles) of ethyl 3-chloro- 5nitro-4cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate in ml. of methanol containing 0.05 moles of citric acid and 1.5 g. of 5% palladium-on-carbon is shaken with hydrogen at 3 atm. pressure and 27C until 3 moles of hydrogen are absorbed. The mixture is filtered, washed with methanol and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to obtain ethyl 3-amino-5-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate isolated as the citrate salt.
• Example 21 l-( 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylphenyl )-l ,Z-ethanediol
• lithium aluminum hydride solution 3.9 M; ml
• anhydrous ether 750 ml
• the mixture is diluted with 250 ml of ether, and is stirred for 2 hours.
• the reaction mixture is acidified with 10% hydrochloric acid (450 ml) and extracted with ether/tetrahydrofuran.
• the aqueous fraction is washed three times with 50 ml portions of ether.
• Example 22 l-Nitro-4-cyc1ohexylbenzaldehyde A mixture of 0.66 moles of 3-nitro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylate is stirred in 1.5 l. of boiling 10% sodium carbonate solution for 16 hours. The mixture is slowly filtered through charcoal into 1.1 l. of ice-cold 3.Nhydrochloric acid. The precipitate of crude material is collected on' a filter, the recrystallized from benzene to give 3-nitro-4-cyclohexylphenylglyoxylic acid.
• Example 24 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylcinnamic acid 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylbenzaldehyde (0.1 mole), malonic acid (0.2 moles), and dry pyridine (175 ml) are placed in a l l round-bottom flask. The malonic acid is dissolved by shaking on a steam bath and piperidine (0.5 ml) is added. The reaction is allowed to take place on the steam bath for 4 hours. After standing at room temperature overnight, the mixture is refluxed for 1 'hour and cooled. The reaction mixture is poured into 250 ml of ice water and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (80 ml) with stirring. The crystals of product are collected by filtration, washed with water (4 X 150 ml) and air dreid. Recrystallization from acetone-water gives 3-chloro-4-cyclohexylcinnamic acid.
• Example 25 Ethyl-3-chloro-4-cyclohexylcinnamate in the 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylcinnamic acid (20.0 g.; 0.075 moles) is allowed to reflux with 8-10 pieces of Orierite in absolute ethanol (20 ml containing concentrated sulfuric acid (5 ml) for 21 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is diluted with chloroform and filtered hot. The filtrate is washed 3 times with water, once with l0% sodium bicarbonate and twice more with water. After drying over sodium sulfate, the solvent is removed to give ethyl 3-chloro-4-cyclohexylcinnamate.
• Example 26 Ethyl a, B-Dibromo-,B(3-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenyl)- propionate
• a cold solution of ethyl 3-chloro-4-cyclohexylcinnamate (0.075 moles) in chloroform (47 ml) is brominated by the portion-wise addition of bromine (4.1 ml; 10 excess) in chloroform (10 ml) with shaking and stirring. The solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1% hours and the solvent is removed to give ethyl aB-dibromo-B-(3-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenyl)propionate.
• Example 27 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylphenylpropiolic Acid Powdered ethyl or, ,B-dibromo-B-(3-chlorocyclohexylphenyl)propionate (33.0 g.) is added portion-wise to 20 ethanolic potassium hydroxide ml) at room temperature. The mixture is refluxed on a steam bath for 6 hours. The alcohol is evaporated and the residue is dissolved in water and covered with ether and is acidified with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. The ether layer is washed with water, saline, and dried over sodium sulfate. The ether is removed to give a residue which is triturated with carbontetrachloride. Recrystallization is carried out from acetic acid-water. This material is digested and triturated with boiling carbon tetrachloride to give 3-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenylpropiolic acid.
• Example 28 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylethynylbenzene 3-chloro-4-cyclohexylphenylpropiolic acid (7.3g) is heated at l20l24 for 5 hours in quinoline. The reaction product is diluted with water and washed thoroughly with dilute hydrochloric acid. This is followed by washing with sodium bicarbonate (l0 The material is passed through a short aluminum (H column, eluted with N-hexane to give a fraction free of carbonyl absorption (l.R.). Removal of solvent gives 3-chloro-4 cyclohexylethynylbenzene.
• Example 29 3-Chloro-4-cyclohexylethynylbenzene 3-chloro-4cyclohexylacetophenone (0.025 moles) and phosphorus pentachloride (0.31 moles) are placed 5 in a 3-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a condenser connected to a nitrogen inlet, and a thermometer. The mixture is stirred at 3335C for 3 days. The cooled reaction mixture is poured onto 800 g. of ice and extracted with 3 X 500 ml. of ether.
• the ether fraction is washed with 2 X 100 ml water 4 X 100 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide, 3 X 50 ml water, 2 X 50 ml of saturated saline and dried over sodium sulfate.
• the ether is removed to give the chlorinated intermediate.
• the intermediate is dissolved in anhydrous THE (200 ml) and is added dropwise to a freshly prepared solution of sodamide in liquid ammonia, using a dry-ice condenser.
• the reaction mixture is allowed to stir at room temperature overnight; then, it is poured into 50 ml of water and 500 m] of ether.
• the ether fraction is Washed with 3 X 50 ml water and 50 ml of saturated saline and is dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gives a residue which is distilled to give 3-chloro- 4-cyclohexylethynylbenzene.

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