US3845571A - Simulator for ship navigation - Google Patents

Simulator for ship navigation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3845571A
US3845571A US00351470A US35147073A US3845571A US 3845571 A US3845571 A US 3845571A US 00351470 A US00351470 A US 00351470A US 35147073 A US35147073 A US 35147073A US 3845571 A US3845571 A US 3845571A
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ship
objective lens
support plate
recited
image
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US00351470A
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English (en)
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R Hervieu
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
    • G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
    • G09B9/06—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehicles
    • G09B9/063—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehicles by using visual displays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for simulating navigation at sea. It is intended for mounting above the bridge of a supposedly moving observer ship and serves for the projection, on a cylindrical screen, of images of movable ships or of coastlines.
  • the device comprises as many superimposed concentric plates as there are ships under observation. Each plate rotates as a function of the bearing of the ship being observed with respect to the observer ship. Each plate carries a projector having a focal line objective which can be adjusted in relation to the distance that separates the observer ship and the sighted ship.
  • E ach plate further carries, associated with the projector, a particular device for displacing a number of transparent slides successively fed into the projector, the succession being carried out in relation to the inclinations of the ship being sighted with respect to the observer ship.
  • Each transparent slide illustrates the ship being sighted in one of a number of successive positions of the said ship when the latter makes a complete turn about its own axis.
  • the present invention relates to a navigation simulator. More particularly, it. relates to an apparatus reproducing the sight, on a cylindrical screen, of moving floating devices or coastlines. This sight, at the level of an observer and on a circular view covering 360, is the same as that seen from the bridge of a supposedly moving ship.
  • the observer may see on the screen several ships manoeuvring on theirown trajectories and even around him. He may move about a floating engine, whether moving or not, and come near it a minimal distance. It is obviously the same for an island.
  • the said apparatus makes it also possible to simulate the effects of a current, of waves or of the wind. It may yet simulate rolling and pitching. The appearances of a trip at sea are complete. Any initiatives of the pilot (helm, ship velocity) are perfectly respected in their consequences.
  • the projection is obtained from especially recorded and arranged transparent slides. It is made on a cylindrical screen, otherwise known, in a lighted room. It will be possible to clearly understand the invention by means of the following description of a method of obtaining it including several variations given by way of non-restrictive examples. Appended hereto are diagrams illustrating the meaning of the various symbols used in the description and figures of drawings wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a diagram giving the relative position of two ships N and NI;
  • FIG. 2 is another plan view of a diagram intended to give the definition of certain values
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a diagram similar to that of FIG. 2 but wherein the position of the ship N is given in relation to an island or a peninsula L which-has no course;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the special projection apparatus located above the bridge of the observer ship N, at the center of the cylindrical screen, with the connections of the said projection apparatus to a computer;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of another embodiment of slidecarrying disc
  • FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of the mechanism for correcting the angle of projection in relation to the distance N N1;
  • FIG. 10 is a side elevation view, partly in crosssection, of the disc support
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of a detail of the disc driving mechanism taken at C of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a front elevation view of a mounting and animation device for the slides, according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the device of FIG. 12, with the slide band;
  • FIG. 14 is a detail front view of a slide-carrying band
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 are, respectively, a front and a leftward elevation view of a multiple-plate system with rolling andpitching simulation.
  • FIG. 17 is a vertical cross-section view of the simulation room.
  • N identifies the observer ship, N1 the ship being observed, Nv Sv the North-South line coinciding with the OY axis, T the trajectory of N, V its instantaneous speed, T1 the true trajectory of N1 and V1 its instantaneous speed, Ta the apparent trajectory of N1 seen from N and V'l its relative speed with respect to N (obtained by working out the vectors V1 and V according to a known method).
  • 0 is measured from CY and P from N coinciding with 0.
  • FIG. 2 gives the following values: Gi, the bearing of N] with respect to N (Gi 6 Cv); Cv, the true course of the ship N; ll, the inclination of N1 for an observer located at N (I1 Cvl 0) and Cvl, the true course of the ship N1.
  • the manoeuvre desk of the observer ship N on the navigation bridge located at the center of the cylinder screen, has a steering bar B and a speed control member S (speed selector, for example).
  • a helm bar B1 There is provided, in the same room or in an auxiliary room, a helm bar B1 and a speed selector S1 of the first ship in sight.
  • B2, S2, etc... there will first be considered the manoeuvre of a first sighted ship N1 in relation to the moving ship N.
  • Gears B, S and B1, S1 actuate calculators combined to provide an auxiliary computer I with two essential informations: the
  • the auxiliary computer 1 changes the values x and y into polar coordinates 6 and p, according to one of the already known methods (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • the angular deviation is transmitted on the shaft 2.
  • the distance N N, that is p, is measured by a voltage which is amplified and sent to its destination by a connection 3.
  • the shaft 2 drives a differential system 4 in which a shaft 5 rotates in keeping with the true course Cv of the ship N. It is easy to understand that the shaft 6 varies angularly as the bearing Gi 0 Cv. A shaft 7 driven by the shaft 2 drives a differential 8 that receives, through its shaft 9, the angular indication of the true course CvI, provided by an elementary computer of the ship Nl. Thus, shaft 10 rotates an amount Cvl 0, equals to II (inclination of NI for the observer located at N, according to FIG. 2). The data strictly provided by the connection 3 (p) and by the shafts 6 and 10 are electrically retransmitted to the three servo-motors 17, 21, and 22, controlling the rotation of the main members of the projection device of each ship in sight.
  • the differentials 4 and 8 may be replaced by electronic devices computing (0 Cv) or (Cvl 0).
  • the first operation is accomplished by the motor 21, the second by the motor 22, the third one by the motor 17, the three motors being dependent from the auxiliary computer 1 according to previous explanations, summed up in FIG. 4.
  • the disc 18 is oriented by its motor 22, not continuously, but according to a principle similar to that ofcinematography. That is to say that at the instant where each of the successive slides comes rapidly into the prol5 jector, it stops during a brief moment which is a functhe slides 12 on a cylindrical screen 14 through its total I reflection prism 13.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical screen 14 is about 20 meters, the drawing being reduced at this location.
  • the light beam from prism 13 may either move up or down but it is always directed according to a same vertical plane passing through the axis WW of the cylindrical screen.
  • the projector as sembly may rotate about this axis. Its variable focal line objective 15 allows an enlargement of l to 20, for instance.
  • An image 16 having an apparent diameter of 0.12 m may, in such a case, be magnified to 2.40 m.
  • a ship having a length of 150 meters may be seen, with an inclination of 90 or 270, at distances varying from 12,500 to 625 meters with a cylindrical screen having 20 meters in diameter.
  • a horizontal disc 18 rotates about its axis 19 borne by the same plate 20 that carries that projector 11, which plate 20 rotates about the cen tral axis WW of the screen (FIG. 10).
  • a large number E of transparent slides 12, 180 for instance, is provided along the periphery of the disc 18 (FIGS. 6 and 7). They illustrate the ship Nl seen by an observer located on the bridge of the ship N, for angles 11 successively varying by e on a complete turn (equal to 2 in the case of I80 slides). rotating in clockwise direction from the positive portion of the polar radius p.
  • These slides are obtained from successive pictures by turning around the ship N1 from e to e or from a model of the latter.
  • the model may also be disposed on a divider plate, for the previous taking of pictures.
  • FIGS. 6, l0 and 11 One embodiment of this device is illustrated in FIGS. 6, l0 and 11.
  • the toothed wheel 23 driven by the motor 22 carries a contact 24 (an electrically actuated elastic finger).
  • a contact 24 an electrically actuated elastic finger.
  • two metallic half rings 25 and 25a mounted on a carrier disc 26 are separated by a space corresponding to the angular spacing e of two successive slides.
  • the contact actuates one or the other of the ratchet systems 27 or 28 which causes fast rotation of the disc through an angle e at each impulse.
  • the fast advance of system 27 (or 28) causes closure of a shutter 29 above the slide then in position.
  • the next impulse will take place only if the contact finger 24 is again on one of the rings 25 or 25a.
  • the position of the slides is eventually ensured by means of a spring pawl and ratchet device.
  • the disc 18 is clamped by a washer 30 and a nut 31.
  • the simulator has several transparent discs 18 corresponding to a great variety of actual ships. They may be reproduced in the same manner as photographic prints starting with an original negative disc. According to the embodiment of FIG.
  • the disc 18a has at least two rows of slides 12a and 12b. After one turn, there is a relative displacement of the projector and of the disc in order to use the second row of views (one complete turn around the ship is obtained by two turns of the disc). The motor 22 is accordingly adjusted. Another row may correspond to the projection of the ship seen at night.
  • the complete refraction prism 13 of which the projector is provided may pivot about a horizontal axis 32 correcting the angle of sight.
  • a cam 33 synchronized with the dependent motor 17 (focal distance) acts on a lever 34 and appropriately corrects the height of the image on the screen in relation to the closing in or moving away effect of the ship. Indeed, the angular distance a under which the water line of the ship N1 and the skyline are seen varies according to p.
  • the successive slides 12 are mounted on a band 35 in two rectilinear rows 36 and 37 each having F views of which the first ones 12c and 12a as well as the last ones l2e and 12f are strictly side by side.
  • the slides of row 36 will show it progressively rotating about itself showing its starboard side until the last slide 120 which shows it from the front where ll 180".
  • the views illustrate the ship manoeuvring successively from an angle of 180 to 360 (progressively showing its port side).
  • the slides move successively in the direction of the arrow of FIG.
  • the movement between the two rows 36 and 37 takes place either by automatic translation of the band 35, that is of the bobbins 38 and 39 over which the flexible band wids and unwinds, or by a vertical movement of the projector-objective set.
  • the device responsible for the successive forward movements of the slides on the same row works by means of toothed wheels 40 and 41 rotating by impulses caused by the motor 22 working according to the angles [1.
  • the intermittent drive may be identical to that described previously with respect to the contact fingers 24 and the half rings 25 and 25a. It may also be constructed with parts known in cinematography, with blinding shutter not shown in the drawings.
  • the number of slides may be greater than that carried by a disc 18 thus refining the movement.
  • the assembly is mounted on a plate 42 born by the plate and may rock around hinges 43 to correct the angle a between the skyline and the water line of the ship.
  • the motor 17 drives a correction cam 33a.
  • the band 35 only has I tinuous succession of coastlines.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 Several plates corresponding to several ships N1, N2, etc... or to several small islands or portions of coastlines may be mounted on the same column 45 as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
  • An articulation made up of a ring 46 and a cross-piece 47 constituting a universal ball joint may be provided at the top of the column.
  • the base of the column is capable of two alternating movements, one in the axis of the bridge, the other in a perpendicular direction simulating rolling and pitching.
  • Two variable-speed and reversible-rotation dependent motors 48 and 49 respond to a predetermined program. The set of projection is thus animated by two rocking motions.
  • the upper cross-piece 47 may carry the device for projecting the skyline and the clouds.
  • auxiliary computers 1 with differentials 4 and 8 as there are plates 20.
  • the farthest ship disappears automatically.
  • the relative coordinates x and y of each ship being sighted are obtained by the same set of analog, numerical or mechanical computers thay may be combined.
  • FIG. 4 gives, by way of example, a diagram of an association of electro-mechanical computers, each being otherwise known.
  • the computer 50 controlled by the helm B and the speed selector S give at 51 and 52 the instantaneous coordinates of the surface observer ship N as well as, at all times, the value of the angular speed of the variation of the true course Cv, at 5.
  • the computer 53 identical to the first one, with the helm B1 and speed selector S1 gives at 54 and 55 the indications of the same nature relative to the first ship N1 being sighted.
  • the computer 56 simulating the current in the area of the ship N, provides instantaneous corrections of the coordinates, with respect to the bottom of the sea, of the observer ship and of the ships being sighted.
  • the computers of the observer ship and of the ships being sighted which particularly determine at all times the angular speed in thevariation of the true course Cv, take into account the evolutive effect of the propellers and the effects of giration. They likewise take into account the resistance to speed changes.
  • the coordinates of the ship N and of the ships being sighted may control one or several tracing tables 65.
  • a hemispherical dome 66 illustrated in FIG. 17, makes it possible to illustrate the sky.
  • the bow or stem or a ship are projected on the screen 14 or illustrated by models.
  • a device for simulating navigation comprising:
  • image projecting means mounted on said support plate and rotatable therewith, said image projecting means comprising:
  • variable bearing input means for controlling the rotational position of said support plate
  • variable size input means for controlling the magnification adjusting means of said objective lens
  • Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising, means for tilting the rotation axis of said rotatable support plate thereby projecting tilted images simulating rolling and pitching of objects.
  • Apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said support plate is horizontal and rotatable about a vertical axis, said objective lens and said light source are aligned in a vertical direction and said apparatus further comprises a prism for reflecting said images in a generally horizontal direction.
  • Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of support plates, each plate having a plurality of image means and associated light source and objective lens, said support plates rotatable about a common rotation axis.
  • said positioning means comprising motor means for rotating said rotatable disc.
  • said image means further comprises an endless loop-like band having transparent slides mounted thereon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
US00351470A 1972-04-21 1973-04-16 Simulator for ship navigation Expired - Lifetime US3845571A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7214754A FR2181243A5 (nl) 1972-04-21 1972-04-21

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US (1) US3845571A (nl)
JP (1) JPS4926030A (nl)
AR (1) AR206769A1 (nl)
BE (1) BE797840A (nl)
BR (1) BR7302896D0 (nl)
CA (1) CA979212A (nl)
CH (1) CH573637A5 (nl)
DE (1) DE2319545A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES413753A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2181243A5 (nl)
IT (1) IT980768B (nl)
NL (1) NL7305585A (nl)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4235535A (en) * 1977-12-14 1980-11-25 Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke-Fokker Gmbh Apparatus for projection on a cylindrical screen
US4337045A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-06-29 Jones And Healy Marine Limited Navigation training aids
EP1005887A3 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-01-02 Masahiko Hayashi Establishment for viewing image
ES2322321A1 (es) * 2009-01-08 2009-06-18 Team Servicios Tecnicos, S.L. Aparato simulador de atraque de pasarelas de embarque para buques y/o aeronaves.
CN103106817A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2013-05-15 上海海事大学 一种基于增强式虚拟现实系统的航海科技仿真系统

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51139437A (en) * 1975-05-27 1976-12-01 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Steering simulator
GB1522520A (en) * 1976-01-26 1978-08-23 Secr Defence Display panel constructions
JPS52130735A (en) * 1976-04-23 1977-11-02 Japan Radio Co Ltd Model target projector
JPS5521045A (en) * 1978-08-02 1980-02-14 Hitachi Electronics Simulation picture producer

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US960519A (en) * 1910-06-07 Charles F Dutton Jr Projection-lantern.
US2679033A (en) * 1953-01-05 1954-05-18 Sperry Corp Pictorial indicator
US2942355A (en) * 1955-10-04 1960-06-28 Harold F May Servo projection system
US3209645A (en) * 1962-07-18 1965-10-05 Itt Navigational situation display with cylindrically shaped film
US3359408A (en) * 1963-04-18 1967-12-19 Ferranti Ltd Navigational display devices for use on moving vehicles
GB1200442A (en) * 1966-05-03 1970-07-29 Ronald Mullins Navigation light simulator
US3580978A (en) * 1968-06-06 1971-05-25 Singer General Precision Visual display method and apparatus
US3584397A (en) * 1968-09-27 1971-06-15 Us Navy Ship piloting trainer

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US960519A (en) * 1910-06-07 Charles F Dutton Jr Projection-lantern.
US2679033A (en) * 1953-01-05 1954-05-18 Sperry Corp Pictorial indicator
US2942355A (en) * 1955-10-04 1960-06-28 Harold F May Servo projection system
US3209645A (en) * 1962-07-18 1965-10-05 Itt Navigational situation display with cylindrically shaped film
US3359408A (en) * 1963-04-18 1967-12-19 Ferranti Ltd Navigational display devices for use on moving vehicles
GB1200442A (en) * 1966-05-03 1970-07-29 Ronald Mullins Navigation light simulator
US3580978A (en) * 1968-06-06 1971-05-25 Singer General Precision Visual display method and apparatus
US3584397A (en) * 1968-09-27 1971-06-15 Us Navy Ship piloting trainer

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4235535A (en) * 1977-12-14 1980-11-25 Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke-Fokker Gmbh Apparatus for projection on a cylindrical screen
US4337045A (en) * 1980-08-21 1982-06-29 Jones And Healy Marine Limited Navigation training aids
EP1005887A3 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-01-02 Masahiko Hayashi Establishment for viewing image
ES2322321A1 (es) * 2009-01-08 2009-06-18 Team Servicios Tecnicos, S.L. Aparato simulador de atraque de pasarelas de embarque para buques y/o aeronaves.
CN103106817A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2013-05-15 上海海事大学 一种基于增强式虚拟现实系统的航海科技仿真系统

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Publication number Publication date
DE2319545A1 (de) 1973-10-31
IT980768B (it) 1974-10-10
FR2181243A5 (nl) 1973-11-30
CA979212A (en) 1975-12-09
BE797840A (fr) 1973-07-31
BR7302896D0 (pt) 1974-01-08
JPS4926030A (nl) 1974-03-08
ES413753A1 (es) 1976-01-16
CH573637A5 (nl) 1976-03-15
AR206769A1 (es) 1976-08-23
NL7305585A (nl) 1973-10-23

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