US3845415A - Channel diplexer wherein coupling apertures balance and cancel out undesired modes - Google Patents

Channel diplexer wherein coupling apertures balance and cancel out undesired modes Download PDF

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US3845415A
US3845415A US00403348A US40334873A US3845415A US 3845415 A US3845415 A US 3845415A US 00403348 A US00403348 A US 00403348A US 40334873 A US40334873 A US 40334873A US 3845415 A US3845415 A US 3845415A
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resonators
coupling
waveguide
conductor wall
channel
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M Ando
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NEC Corp
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Nippon Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2138—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using hollow waveguide filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/163—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion specifically adapted for selection or promotion of the TE01 circular-electric mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/209—Hollow waveguide filters comprising one or more branching arms or cavities wholly outside the main waveguide

Definitions

  • the diplexer is characterized in that a plurality of coupling apertures are provided in the common conductor wall between the waveguide and the resonators to couple mutual electromagnetic energies at the conductor wall so that at least one unnecessary resonant mode other than the desired resonant mode in the cavity resonators is prevented. This is accomplished by the mutual positional relationship of the coupling apertures.
  • Field of the Invention relates to a channel diplexer for use in the ultrahigh frequency band, and more particularly to a channel diplexer composed of a semicircular waveguide and cylindrical cavity resonators.
  • the channel diplexer In the ultrahigh frequency multiplex transmission of multiple channel signals by the use of, for example, a circular waveguide, the channel diplexer is employed as means to branch out various channel signals, or conversely, combine them at a terminal office, a repeater equipment and so forth.
  • the semicircular waveguide has hitherto been used in the channel diplexer on the grounds that it is easily connected to the circular waveguide as a transmission line, that it is comparatively less lossy than other forms of waveguides, and that it is easily adapted to the connection with the resonators.
  • the use of the cylindrical cavity resonators has heretofore been proposed on the grounds that the cylindrical shape can achieve a higher unloaded than other shapes such as rectangular ones and that it is comparatively easy to manufacture.
  • the cylindrical cavity resonator is a multimode resonator, a number of undesired resonant modes are essentially present besides a resonant mode in use.
  • the presence of the undesired resonant modes results in the crosstalk of the other channel components to the particular channel in use and in the attenuation of other channels which are to be subsequently branched thereby causing very adverse effects on the transmission of the various channel guides.
  • FIGS. 1(a) and 1( b) are a perspective view and a sectional view, respectively, or a part for branching a single channel signal in an example of a prior-art channel branching device.
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view, respectively. of a part for branching a single channel signal in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view, respectively, of a part for branching a single channel signal in another embodiment of the channel branching device according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4(a), 4(1)), 4(0) and 4(d) are a perspective view, a top view, and sectional views, respectively, of a part for branching a single channel signal in a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are a perspective view and a sectional view, respectively, of a part for branching a single channel signal in a still further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate an example of a prior-art channel diplexer device which functions to branch a single channel signal. It is composed of a TE mode-semicircular waveguide (hereinbelow, simply termed the TE waveguide) and TE mode-cylindrical cavity resonators (hereinafter, simply termed the TErm cavities). While the adverse effect of the undesired resonant nodes in the example will be described hereunder, it will be understood that a similar adverse effect arises in the combination of the semicircular waveguide and the cylindrical cavity resonators using any different mode.
  • TE waveguide TE mode-semicircular waveguide
  • TErm cavities TE mode-cylindrical cavity resonators
  • the TE waveguide has the shape of one of two parts obtained by dividing a TE mode-circular waveguide at a diameter thereof, and is comparatively low in loss.
  • the TEOU cavity has the advantage that the unloaded Q is high owing to the nature of the particular electromagnetic field, and that some structural discontinuities between a cylindrical conductor wall and circular conductor walls does not lead to large loss.
  • the TE waveguide 101 and TE cavities 102 and 103 have mutual electromagnetic energies coupled through coupling apertures 108 and 110 which are respectively provided in common conductor walls 105 and 107 forming parts of a plane conductor wall 104 of the waveguide.
  • the TE cavity 102 has a coupling aperture 109 provided also in a circular conductor wall 106, and the cavity is adapted to be connected to an external output circuit through the coupling aperture.
  • n channel signals having center frequencies f,, f, ,,f,,f, f are introduced into the TE waveguide 101, and that the TE cavities 102 and 103 resonate at the frequency f,-.
  • the TE cavity 102 allows only a channel signal of frequency f, to pass, while the TE cavity 103 stops only the signal of f,, so that among the n channel signals introduced, only the signal of the center frequency f, is branched via the coupling aperture 109 to the external circuit.
  • the coupling apertures 108 and 110 are respec: tively provided on radii of the cavities in the. common conductor walls 105 and 107 and in the vicinity of the center line of the plane conductor wall 104, thereby coupling axial magnetic fields at the center of the TE waveguide and radial magnetic fields of the TE cavities.
  • all the unnecessary resonant modes having magnetic field components in the radial direction are excited.
  • the unnecessary resonance of the resonating TE mode existent in the upper side-band of the resonating TE mode is especially conspicuous, and extensively lies within the band of the frequencies f f, of the higher frequency channels.
  • the present invention solves this problem fundamentally, and provides a channel diplexing device in which the generation of undesired resonant modes is prevented by the use of a plurality of coupling apertures balanced with respect to electromagnetic fields, whereby an excellent characteristic free from the adverse effect of the undesired resonant modes is exhibited over a wide frequency range.
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) illustrate that part in an embodiment of the present invention which branches a single channel signal.
  • cavities 202 and 203 are coupled to the TE waveguide 201 through coupling apertures 208, 209 and 21 I, 212 which are provided in the common conductor walls 205 and 207 forming parts of the plane conductor wall 204, respectively. Since the TE cavities 202 and 203 resonate at the center frequency f,- of an identical channel, only the channel signal of the center frequency f, among a group of channels conducted to the TE waveguide 201 is stopped by the TE, cavity 203 and passes through the TE cavity 202, to be branched to an external output circuit through a coupling aperture 210 provided in a circular conductor plate 206.
  • the magnetic fields of the TE mode within the TE waveguide 201 as appear on the plane conductor wall 204 are existent in the shape of rings on both sides of, and symmetrically with respect to, the axis of the waveguide.
  • the two apertures are provided in the common conductor wall 205 radially in a manner to define an angle of 60 about the center of the common conductor wall 205 and at positions symmetric with respect to a plane normal to the longitudinal direction of the TE waveguide 201.
  • the centers of the common conductor walls 205 and 207 are set in the vicinity of a line which is at a distance of D/4 (where D denotes the length of the chordal part of the cross section of the semicircular waveguide) from the center line of the plane conductor wall 204.
  • the coupling apertures 208, 209, 211 and 212 are provided in sections of the common conductor walls as lie between the center line of the plane conductor wall 204 and the line distant by D/4 therefrom.
  • the coupling apertures may of course be provided radially from the centers of the common conductor walls in sections which lie between an end of the plane conductor wall 204 and the line lying apart by D/4 from the center line of the same wall.
  • the coupling aperture 210 may be provided at any position in the circular conductor wall 206 insofar as the signal of the branched frequency can be coupled to the external circuit in matched condition.
  • the undesired resonating TE mode is not excited in either the TE cavities 202 or 203 by balancing the two coupling apertures electromagnetic field-wise in accordance with the present invention.
  • the coupling apertures serve the dual purpose of coupling the TE mode and of balancing and cancelling out the undesired TE mode.
  • the channel branching device according to the present invention can consequently achieve an excellent operating characteristic free from the undesired resonant modes over a wide frequency range.
  • FIGS. 3(a) and 3(1)) illustrate a part for branching a single channel in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • TE cavities 302 and 303 are respectively coupled with the TE waveguide 301 by coupling apertures 308, 309 provided in a common conductor wall 305 and coupling apertures 311, 312 provided in a common conductor wall 307.
  • a channel signal stopped by the resonance of the TE cavity 303 passes through the TE cavity 302, and is branched to an external output circuit through a coupling aperture 310 provided in a circular conductor wall 306.
  • the two coupling apertures 308 and 309 are provided on a diameter of the cavities in the common conductor wall 305 nomial to the longitudinal direction of propagation in the TE waveguide 301 and at positions opposite to each other with respect to the center line of the conductor wall 304.
  • apertures 308 and 309 have equal degrees of coupling. that is, they are balanced in terms of the electromagnetic fields.
  • the centers of the common conductor walls 305 and 307 are set in the vicinity of the center line of the plane conductor wall 304.
  • the position of the coupling aperture 310 the same as in the coupling aperture 210 in FIG. 2 applies.
  • those radial magnetic fields of the undesired resonating TE mode and all the other undesired resonating TE modes exist at every 180/(21 l), and the adjacent magnetic fields with the interval of l80/(2l 1) are in senses opposite to each other with respect to the center, so that the radial magnetic fields with an interval of 180 are opposite in sense with respect to the center.
  • the radial components of ringshaped magnetic fields on the plane conductor wall 304 of the TE. waveguide 301 are in the same sense in the radial direction about the axis of the waveguide. Accordingly, by coupling the respective radial components to the TE cavity 302 by the two coupling apertures 308 and 309 in the state where they are balanced in terms of electromagnetic fields, the resonating TE mode whose radial magnetic fields on the common conductor wall 305 are in the same sense is excited, whereas all the unnecessary resonating TE modes including the unnecessary resonating TE mode in which they are in the opposite senses are not excited.
  • any undesired resonating TE modes are not excited, and a channel diplexer device can be provided which has the preferable characteristic of being free of the undesired modes over a very wide frequency band.
  • FIGS. 4(a) to 4(d) show a part for branching a single channel signal in an embodiment of the present invention in the case where TE cavities of two stages are employed both for passing and for stopping. ln FIGS. 4(b), 4(a) and 4(d), a TE cavity 405 and parts of the TE waveguide 401 close thereto are omitted since the shape is similar to that of a T13 cavity 404.
  • the T13 cavities for stopping 404 and 405 are respectively coupled with the TE waveguide 401 by coupling apertures 416, 417 provided in a common conductor wall 410 and coupling apertures 418, 419 provided in a common conductor wall 411.
  • a TE cavity for passing 402 is coupled with the TE waveguide 401 by coupling apertures 412 and 413 provided in a common conductor wall 407, and is also coupled with a TE cavity 403, similarly for passing, through a coupling aperture 414 provided in the coupling conductor plate 408.
  • a channel signal stopped twice by the resonance of the TE cavities 404 and 405 passes through the T15 cavity 402 to reach the TE cavity 403, and is branched to an external output circuit through a coupling aperture 415 provided in a circular conductor wall 409.
  • the two coupling apertures which couple each of the TE cavities 402, 404 and 405 to the TE waveguide 401 are provided, as in the case of the embodiment in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), on a diameter of the corresponding common conductor wall normal to the longitudinal direction of the TE waveguide 401 and at positions opposite to each other with respect to the center of the circular wall, and under the state where they are balanced in terms of electromagnetic fields. 1n the respectiye TE cavities, therefore, any undesired resonating TE 21 1 m, modes are not excited at all. Consequently, there can be provided a channel branching device which employs TE cavities in two stages and in which the undesired resonant modes are not existent over a very wide frequency band.
  • the effects of the undesired resonating TE mode which has the greatest adverse effect in undesired resonant modes other than the undesired resonating TE mode are prevented from becoming crosstalk in the channel. More specifically, since those radial magnetic fields of the undesired resonating TE mode on the circular conductor wall exist at every the circumferential posipling conductor plate 408 is set, as shown in F168. 4(c) and 4(d), so as to be 45 to the diametrical direction along which the coupling apertures 412 and 413 are provided in the common conductor wall 407.
  • the resonating TE mode with the radial magnetic fields being uniform in the circumferential direction can pass through the TE, cavity 402 at its resonance, whereas the undesired resonating TE mode cannot pass. Therefore, the crosstalk due to the undesired resonance cannot occur, and the channel branching device has a wider bandwidth.
  • the undesired resonating TE mode exerting the greatest adverse effect in the undesired resonating TE modes the excitation of which is restrained by the present invention
  • an additional precaution is taken so that when the residual resonant components are slightly existent, their crosstalk into the channel is prevented. More specifically, since the radial magnetic fields of the undesired resonating TE, mode exist at every 60 in the circumferential direction, the circumferential position of the coupling aperture 415 provided in the circular conductor wall 409 is set, as shown in FIGS. 4(b) and 4(0), so as to define an angle of to the position of the coupling aperture 414 in the coupling conductor plate 408. Consequently, the unnecessary resonating TE mode cannot pass through the TE cavity 403, and the crosstalk is effectively eliminated.
  • the crosstalk of the residual resonant components of the undesired resonating TE and TE modes is prevented by the circumferential positions of the coupling apertures 414 and 41S, respectively.
  • the crosstalk of any other undesired resonant modes can be prevented by changing the positions of the coupling apertures 414 and 415 according to a required characteristic.
  • the radial position of the coupling aperture 414 in the coupling conductor plate 408 and that of the coupling aperture 415 in the circular conductor wall 409 are ones at which a distributed signal can be coupled in matched condition.
  • the crosstalk of more undesired resonant modes or remaining resonant components can be prevented by a similar procedure.
  • FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) illustrate a part for branching a single channel in an embodiment of the present invention which employs TE cavities.
  • cavities 502 and 503 are respectively coupled with the TE waveguide 5 01 by coupling apertures 508, 509 provided in a common conductor wall 505 and by coupling apertures 511, 512 provided in a common conductor wall 507.
  • a channel signal stopped by the resonance of the TE cavity 503 passes through the TE cavity 502, and is branched to an external output circuit through a coupling aperture 510 provided in a circular conductor wall 506.
  • the resonating TE mode exerts an adverse effect as the undesired resonant mode conversely to the foregoing examples.
  • Those radial magnetic fields of the resonating TE mode on the common conductor wall 505 exist at every 90 in the circumferential direction, and the adjacent radial magnetic fields with the interval of 90 are opposite in sense to each other with respect to the center of the wall circle. Therefore, the coupling apertures 508 and 509 are provided along a ring-shaped magnetic field on one side with respect to an axis within the TE waveguide, and as shown in FIG.
  • a channel branching device having an excellent characteristic free from the unnecessary resonant modes over a wide frequency range can also be provided in the case of using the resonating TE mode. It is apparent that, using other resonant modes than the resonating TE mode, quite equal effects can be similarly attained.
  • the number of the coupling apertures between each cavity resonator and the waveguide has been exemplified as two.
  • the number, shape, etc. of the coupling apertures are determined by characteristics required for the channel branching device, such as the half-power width problems, etc. It is needless to say that insofar as a plurality of coupling apertures are balanced in terms of electromagnetic fields, an equal effect can be attained at quite an arbitrary number.
  • the channel branching device employs cylindrical cavity resonators exhibiting high unloaded Q characteristics and having hitherto brought about undesired resonant modes having adverse influences, and can accomplish an excellent operating characteristic free from the undesired resonant modes over a wide frequency range. It is therefore very advantageous when used in multiplex communication systems in the ultrahigh frequency band, etc.
  • a channel diplexer comprising:
  • a semi-circular waveguide adapted to receive n channel signals having center frequencies f,, .f, ,fi, fi+h n;
  • At least two cylindrical cavity resonators having resonant frequencies fl attached to the plane conductor wall of said semi-circular waveguide;
  • the first of said resonators having a coupling aperture in its external circular conductor end wall adapted to couple energy in said resonator to an external output circuit;
  • said plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators having a plurality of coupling apertures for coupling and exciting the desired TE mode in said two cylindrical cavity resonators, said apertures being angularly positioned with respect to each other to be balanced with respect to the electro-magnetic fields in said semi-circular waveguide so that at least the TE undesired resonant mode is prevented from being excited in said two cylindrical cavity resonators.
  • channel diplexer as recited in claim 1 wherein there are two coupling apertures defining an angle of 60 about the center of the plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators and at positions symmetric with respect to a plane normal to the longitudinal direction of said waveguide.
  • a channel diplexer as recited in claim 5 further comprising a second stage cylindrical cavity resonator attached to said first resonator and having a coupling aperture in its external circular conductor end wall adapted to couple energy in said second stage resonator to an external output circuit, and wherein said coupling aperture in said first resonator is on a line displaced 45 with respect to a line passing through said two coupling apertures in said plane conductor end wall.
  • a channel diplexer as recited in claim 6 wherein the coupling aperture in said second stage resonator'is on a line displaced l50 with respect to the line through.
  • a channel diplexer comprising:
  • a semi-circular waveguide adapted to receive it channel signals having center frequencies f,, f f fr+n fn;
  • the first of said resonators having a coupling aperture in its external circular conductor end wall adapted to couple energy in said resonator to an external output circuit;
  • said plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators having two coupling apertures for coupling and exciting the desired TE mode in said two cylindrical cavity resonators and for balancing and cancelling the undesired TE mode, said two coupling apertures defining an angle of about the center of the plane conductor wall common to each of said resonators and at positions symmetric with respect to a plane parallel to the longitudinal section of said waveguide.

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4477787A (en) * 1983-01-19 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dual mode directionally coupled band reject filter apparatus
US5327245A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-07-05 Information Transmission Systems Corp. Method and apparatus for combining adjacent channel television signals
US5578973A (en) * 1993-04-10 1996-11-26 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh Waveguide multiplexer/demultiplexer
EP0789419A1 (fr) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-13 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa Dispositif et procédé de transmission d'informations pour système à guide d'ondes rayonnant
US5933770A (en) * 1995-11-27 1999-08-03 Lucent Technologies Inc. Low distortion tuner-receiver with bridge-type diplexer
US6005457A (en) * 1997-06-03 1999-12-21 Com Dev Ltd. Circular waveguide cavity and filter having an iris with an eccentric circular aperture and a method of construction thereof
US6150907A (en) * 1997-08-28 2000-11-21 Hughes Electronics Corporation Coupling mechanism with moving support member for TE011 and TE01δ resonators
US6714096B1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2004-03-30 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20080048922A1 (en) * 2006-05-24 2008-02-28 Haziza Dedi D Integrated waveguide antenna array
US20080303739A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-11 Thomas Edward Sharon Integrated multi-beam antenna receiving system with improved signal distribution
US20100149061A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Haziza Dedi David Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector dish

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646481A (en) * 1971-03-12 1972-02-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide mode transducer
US3668564A (en) * 1971-04-16 1972-06-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide channel diplexer and mode transducer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646481A (en) * 1971-03-12 1972-02-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide mode transducer
US3668564A (en) * 1971-04-16 1972-06-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide channel diplexer and mode transducer

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4477787A (en) * 1983-01-19 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dual mode directionally coupled band reject filter apparatus
US5327245A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-07-05 Information Transmission Systems Corp. Method and apparatus for combining adjacent channel television signals
US5578973A (en) * 1993-04-10 1996-11-26 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh Waveguide multiplexer/demultiplexer
US5933770A (en) * 1995-11-27 1999-08-03 Lucent Technologies Inc. Low distortion tuner-receiver with bridge-type diplexer
EP0789419A1 (fr) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-13 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa Dispositif et procédé de transmission d'informations pour système à guide d'ondes rayonnant
FR2744865A1 (fr) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-14 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa Dispositif et procede de transmission d'informations pour systeme a guide d'ondes rayonnant
AU709313B2 (en) * 1996-02-09 1999-08-26 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa Information transmission device and method for systems using radiating waveguides
US6034646A (en) * 1996-02-09 2000-03-07 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa Information transmission device and method for systems using radiating waveguides
US6005457A (en) * 1997-06-03 1999-12-21 Com Dev Ltd. Circular waveguide cavity and filter having an iris with an eccentric circular aperture and a method of construction thereof
US6150907A (en) * 1997-08-28 2000-11-21 Hughes Electronics Corporation Coupling mechanism with moving support member for TE011 and TE01δ resonators
US6714096B1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2004-03-30 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20040174230A1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2004-09-09 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US6917260B2 (en) 1998-12-04 2005-07-12 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20050231301A1 (en) * 1998-12-04 2005-10-20 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US7321277B2 (en) 1998-12-04 2008-01-22 Alcatel Waveguide directional filter
US20080048922A1 (en) * 2006-05-24 2008-02-28 Haziza Dedi D Integrated waveguide antenna array
US7554505B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2009-06-30 Wavebender, Inc. Integrated waveguide antenna array
US20080303739A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-11 Thomas Edward Sharon Integrated multi-beam antenna receiving system with improved signal distribution
US20100149061A1 (en) * 2008-12-12 2010-06-17 Haziza Dedi David Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector dish
US8743004B2 (en) 2008-12-12 2014-06-03 Dedi David HAZIZA Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector dish

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Publication number Publication date
JPS4959555A (fr) 1974-06-10
JPS5521489B2 (fr) 1980-06-10

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