US3843413A - Low resistance terminal connector for air-depolarized cathode - Google Patents

Low resistance terminal connector for air-depolarized cathode Download PDF

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US3843413A
US3843413A US00301870A US30187072A US3843413A US 3843413 A US3843413 A US 3843413A US 00301870 A US00301870 A US 00301870A US 30187072 A US30187072 A US 30187072A US 3843413 A US3843413 A US 3843413A
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cathode
wire
cavities
helix
air
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US00301870A
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J Schmidt
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Sab Nife AB
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McGraw Edison Co
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Assigned to COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC, 1001 FANNIN, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002, A CORP. OF OH. reassignment COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC, 1001 FANNIN, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002, A CORP. OF OH. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MCGRAW-EDISON COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE.
Assigned to SAB NIFE AB, A SWEDISH CORP. reassignment SAB NIFE AB, A SWEDISH CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • An air-depolarized battery of the type having a carbon cathode with one or more cavities leading through the top face to a lower portion thereof is provided with a wire coil in each cavity which is inserted under tension so that when released it springs out to engage the cavity wall under pressure.
  • the coil provides a low resistance connection continuously throughout the height of the cathode from the lower portions closed to the active interface of the cathode with the electrolyte to the upper portion engaged by the cathode terminal.
  • the coil has also an upper tail extension connected to the cathode terminal for providing a direct connection of the terminal with each such lower portion of the cathode.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an air-depolarized battery having increased efiiciency and greater ampere output.
  • Another object is to provide an improved low-resistance terminal connection to an air-depolarized cathode.
  • a further object is to provide a novel electrode connection to an air-depolarized cathode which is continuous throughout the height of the cathode and in proximity with the interface between the cathode and the elecrolyte.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section on a medial plane through an air-depolarized battery incorporating the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • the battery illustrated in the accompanying drawings has a rectangular case as of acrylic plastic material comprising a lower rectangular container 11 and a cover 12 seated on and sealed to the rim of the container.
  • the cover has depending flanges 13 receiving plastic holders 14 in sealed relation thereto for a pair of spaced zinc anodes 15, and has a carbon cathode 16 spaced midway between the zinc anodes.
  • the carbon cathode is supported from the cover 12 by a plastic hanger 35 and is sealed along its rim to the cover by a suitable sealing compound 36 such as of pitch.
  • An opening 17 in the cover inset from the rim of the cathode exposes the top face of the cathode to a rectangular air compartment 18 bounded by side and end walls 19 and 20 upstanding from the cover and by a top cover plate 21.
  • a rectangular air compartment 18 bounded by side and end walls 19 and 20 upstanding from the cover and by a top cover plate 21.
  • openings 22 to the atmosphere and on the top cover plate 21 there are stacks 23 with side openings 24 to the atmosphere.
  • the carbon cathode is provided with one or more cavities 25four being shown by way of example-which extend through the top face of the cathode downwardly to the bottom portion thereof so as to permit a flow of air to portions of the cathode close to the interface thereof with the electrolyte.
  • the battery is desirably provided wih a chimney system as is described in my copending application filed July 17, 1972 and entitled Airdepolarized Primary Battery, to augment the flow of air ice from the outside atmosphere to the bottom portions of the cavities.
  • a chimney system as is described in my copending application filed July 17, 1972 and entitled Airdepolarized Primary Battery, to augment the flow of air ice from the outside atmosphere to the bottom portions of the cavities.
  • such chimney system need not necessarily be employed with the present invention and is not herein described.
  • the present invention takes advantage of the provision of the air cavities in air-depolarizing cathode electrodes to obtain a low-resistance electrical connection with the cathode whereby a markedly higher voltage and ampere output are obtained from the battery.
  • This is accomplished by inserting a wire coil 26 into each cavity from the bottom portion thereof to the top thereof.
  • the coil is made of low resistance wire such as of copper, but whatever material is used is desirably also of a springy character so that the coil will engage the wall of each cavity under pressure.
  • each coil is made to have a normal outside diameter suitably larger than the diameter of the cavity into which it is to be placed, and the coil is tensioned or wound inwardly on itself to reduce its outside diameter so that it can be readily inserted into the cavity. After the coil is inserted it is released to spring outwardly and engage the wall of the cavity under pressure on a continuous helical line from the bottom portion of the cathode to thetop thereof.
  • each cavity has the advantage that it provides a low resistance direct connection continuously throughout the height of the cathode to the portion of the cathode surrounding each cavity to reduce the resistance to current flow from each portion of the cathode having an interface with the electrolyte to the upper portion of the cathode engaged by the terminal of the battery.
  • each wire coil is provided wih an extending tail 26 at its upper end which is led across the top of the carbon cathode to the center of the battery whereat it is soldered to an apertured lug 28 of a washer 29.
  • a terminal post 30 for the cathode is extended through the top cover plate 21 and sealed thereto by clamping pressure of a nut 31 threaded onto the post to exert pressure through a sealing washer 32 onto the surrounding portion of the top plate 21 backed by a stop nut 33 on the post.
  • the terminal post 30 then extends further through the washer 29 and into the upper part of the cathode.
  • Above the washer 29 there is a pair of nuts 34 tightened to clamp the washer against the upper face of the carbon cathode with the upper nut being tightened against the lower one in a locking relationship.
  • This metallic connector of the terminal post continuously throughout the height of the cathode with every portion in close active relationship with the electrolyte circumvents the need for the current from the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte to flow through any substantial portion of high resistance cathode material.
  • a higher output voltage is obtained and electrical losses within the battery are reduced to increase the amperes output of the battery.
  • An air-depolarized primary battery comprising an electrolyte solution, an anode in said solution, a carbon cathode partially immersed in said solution and having a plurality of vertical cavities therein extending through the top face thereof to the bottom portion thereof, said cavities being cylindrically shaped, a helix wire of a conduchviignormauy alafger outside dia'rh't'er than the' diameter of said respective cavity causing the wire helix to exert a radial pressure against the wall of the cavity and provide a continuous firm engagement of the helix on a helical line with said cathode, a terminal post anchored into an upper portion of said cathode between said cavities in electrically conductive relationship with the cathode, a lead wire extending from and electrically connected to each of said wire helices. and means electrically connecting each of said lead wires to said terminal post.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

1. An air-depolarized primary battery comprising an electrolyte solution, an anode in said solution, a carbon cathode partially immersed in said solution and having a plurality of vertical cavities therein extending through the top face thereof to the bottom portion thereof, said cavities being cylindrically shaped, a helix wire of a conductive spring material inserted in each of said cavities throughout the length thereof, each of said wire helices having normally a larger outside diameter than the diameter of said respective cavity causing the wire helix to exert a radial pressure against the wall of the cavity and provide a continuous firm engagement of the helix on a helical line with said cathode, a terminal post anchored into an upper portion of said cathode between said cavities in electrically conductive relationship with the cathode, a lead wire extending from and electrically connected to each of said wire helices, and means electrically connecting each of said lead wires to said terminal post.

Description

J. E. SCHMIDT 3,843,413
LOW RESISTKNCE TERMINAL CONNECTOR FOR AIR-DEPOLARIZED CATHODE- Oct. 22, 1974 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 50, 1972 J. E. SCHMIDT Oct. 22, 1974 LOW RESISTANCE TERMINAL commcwon FOR AIR-DEPOLARIZED canons 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 50, 1972 FIG. 2
l l/llll United States Patent 3,843,413 LOW RESISTANCE TERMINAL CONNECTOR FOR AlR-DEPOLARIZED CATHODE Jacob E. Schmidt, Little Falls Township, Passaic County, N.J., assignor to McGraw-Edisou Company, Elgin, 11]. Filed Oct. 30, 1972, Ser. No. 301,870 Int. Cl. H01m 29/02 U.S. Cl. 136-86 A 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An air-depolarized battery of the type having a carbon cathode with one or more cavities leading through the top face to a lower portion thereof is provided with a wire coil in each cavity which is inserted under tension so that when released it springs out to engage the cavity wall under pressure. The coil provides a low resistance connection continuously throughout the height of the cathode from the lower portions closed to the active interface of the cathode with the electrolyte to the upper portion engaged by the cathode terminal. Preferably, the coil has also an upper tail extension connected to the cathode terminal for providing a direct connection of the terminal with each such lower portion of the cathode.
An object of the invention is to provide an air-depolarized battery having increased efiiciency and greater ampere output.
Another object is to provide an improved low-resistance terminal connection to an air-depolarized cathode.
A further object is to provide a novel electrode connection to an air-depolarized cathode which is continuous throughout the height of the cathode and in proximity with the interface between the cathode and the elecrolyte.
These and other objects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a vertical section on a medial plane through an air-depolarized battery incorporating the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
The battery illustrated in the accompanying drawings has a rectangular case as of acrylic plastic material comprising a lower rectangular container 11 and a cover 12 seated on and sealed to the rim of the container. The cover has depending flanges 13 receiving plastic holders 14 in sealed relation thereto for a pair of spaced zinc anodes 15, and has a carbon cathode 16 spaced midway between the zinc anodes. The carbon cathode is supported from the cover 12 by a plastic hanger 35 and is sealed along its rim to the cover by a suitable sealing compound 36 such as of pitch. An opening 17 in the cover inset from the rim of the cathode exposes the top face of the cathode to a rectangular air compartment 18 bounded by side and end walls 19 and 20 upstanding from the cover and by a top cover plate 21. In the end walls 20 there are openings 22 to the atmosphere and on the top cover plate 21 there are stacks 23 with side openings 24 to the atmosphere. These openings permit a passage of air from the atmosphere through the air compartment into direct contact with the carbon cathode 16.
The carbon cathode is provided with one or more cavities 25four being shown by way of example-which extend through the top face of the cathode downwardly to the bottom portion thereof so as to permit a flow of air to portions of the cathode close to the interface thereof with the electrolyte. Additionally, the battery is desirably provided wih a chimney system as is described in my copending application filed July 17, 1972 and entitled Airdepolarized Primary Battery, to augment the flow of air ice from the outside atmosphere to the bottom portions of the cavities. However, such chimney system need not necessarily be employed with the present invention and is not herein described.
The present invention takes advantage of the provision of the air cavities in air-depolarizing cathode electrodes to obtain a low-resistance electrical connection with the cathode whereby a markedly higher voltage and ampere output are obtained from the battery. This is accomplished by inserting a wire coil 26 into each cavity from the bottom portion thereof to the top thereof. The coil is made of low resistance wire such as of copper, but whatever material is used is desirably also of a springy character so that the coil will engage the wall of each cavity under pressure. For this purpose each coil is made to have a normal outside diameter suitably larger than the diameter of the cavity into which it is to be placed, and the coil is tensioned or wound inwardly on itself to reduce its outside diameter so that it can be readily inserted into the cavity. After the coil is inserted it is released to spring outwardly and engage the wall of the cavity under pressure on a continuous helical line from the bottom portion of the cathode to thetop thereof.
The provision of such coil in each cavity has the advantage that it provides a low resistance direct connection continuously throughout the height of the cathode to the portion of the cathode surrounding each cavity to reduce the resistance to current flow from each portion of the cathode having an interface with the electrolyte to the upper portion of the cathode engaged by the terminal of the battery. To reduce still further the resistance to current flow from the active portions of the battery having an interface with the electrolyte to the cathode terminal each wire coil is provided wih an extending tail 26 at its upper end which is led across the top of the carbon cathode to the center of the battery whereat it is soldered to an apertured lug 28 of a washer 29. A terminal post 30 for the cathode is extended through the top cover plate 21 and sealed thereto by clamping pressure of a nut 31 threaded onto the post to exert pressure through a sealing washer 32 onto the surrounding portion of the top plate 21 backed by a stop nut 33 on the post. The terminal post 30 then extends further through the washer 29 and into the upper part of the cathode. Above the washer 29 there is a pair of nuts 34 tightened to clamp the washer against the upper face of the carbon cathode with the upper nut being tightened against the lower one in a locking relationship. Thus, a metallic low-resistance connection is obtained between the terminal post and every portion of the cathode in close electrical contact with the electrolyte. This metallic connector of the terminal post continuously throughout the height of the cathode with every portion in close active relationship with the electrolyte circumvents the need for the current from the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte to flow through any substantial portion of high resistance cathode material. Thus, a higher output voltage is obtained and electrical losses within the battery are reduced to increase the amperes output of the battery.
The embodiment of my invention herein particularly shown and described is intended to be illustrative and not necessarily limitative of my invention, since the same is subject to changes and modifications without departure from the scope of my invention, which I endeavor to express according to the following claim.
I claim:
1. An air-depolarized primary battery comprising an electrolyte solution, an anode in said solution, a carbon cathode partially immersed in said solution and having a plurality of vertical cavities therein extending through the top face thereof to the bottom portion thereof, said cavities being cylindrically shaped, a helix wire of a conduchviignormauy alafger outside dia'rh't'er than the' diameter of said respective cavity causing the wire helix to exert a radial pressure against the wall of the cavity and provide a continuous firm engagement of the helix on a helical line with said cathode, a terminal post anchored into an upper portion of said cathode between said cavities in electrically conductive relationship with the cathode, a lead wire extending from and electrically connected to each of said wire helices. and means electrically connecting each of said lead wires to said terminal post.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2/1964 Broers 136-86F 5/1960 Kordesch .13-6--122 US. Cl. X.R.

Claims (1)

1. An air-depolarized primary battery comprising an electrolyte solution, an anode in said solution, a carbon cathode partially immersed in said solution and having a plurality of vertical cavities therein extending through the top face thereof to the bottom portion thereof, said cavities being cylindrically shaped, a helix wire of a conductive spring material inserted in each of said cavities throughout the length thereof, each of said wire helices having normally a larger outside diameter than the diameter of said respective cavity causing the wire helix to exert a radial pressure against the wall of the cavity and provide a continuous firm engagement of the helix on a helical line with said cathode, a terminal post anchored into an upper portion of said cathode between said cavities in electrically conductive relationship with the cathode, a lead wire extending from and electrically connected to each of said wire helices, and means electrically connecting each of said lead wires to said terminal post.
US00301870A 1972-10-30 1972-10-30 Low resistance terminal connector for air-depolarized cathode Expired - Lifetime US3843413A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048401A (en) * 1975-01-09 1977-09-13 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Hermetically sealed primary electrochemical cell and a method for its production
US4129684A (en) * 1977-02-15 1978-12-12 Furukawa Denchi Kabushiki Kaisha Float type metal-air battery
US6641947B1 (en) 1999-09-21 2003-11-04 The Gillette Company Air manager system for metal air battery

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048401A (en) * 1975-01-09 1977-09-13 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Hermetically sealed primary electrochemical cell and a method for its production
US4129684A (en) * 1977-02-15 1978-12-12 Furukawa Denchi Kabushiki Kaisha Float type metal-air battery
US6641947B1 (en) 1999-09-21 2003-11-04 The Gillette Company Air manager system for metal air battery
US20040023103A1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2004-02-05 The Gillette Company, A Delaware Corporation Air manager system for metal air battery

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AS Assignment

Owner name: COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC, 1001 FANNIN, HOUSTON, TEXA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MCGRAW-EDISON COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004475/0392

Effective date: 19851104

AS Assignment

Owner name: SAB NIFE AB, S-572 01, OSKARSHAMM, SWEDEN, A SWEDI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004851/0730

Effective date: 19880325

Owner name: SAB NIFE AB, A SWEDISH CORP., SWEDEN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:COOPER INDUSTRIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004851/0730

Effective date: 19880325