US3841724A - Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces - Google Patents

Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3841724A
US3841724A US00298838A US29883872A US3841724A US 3841724 A US3841724 A US 3841724A US 00298838 A US00298838 A US 00298838A US 29883872 A US29883872 A US 29883872A US 3841724 A US3841724 A US 3841724A
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United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
phase
percent
hard phase
sliding contact
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US00298838A
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English (en)
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S Calabrese
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Stoody Co
EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US00298838A priority Critical patent/US3841724A/en
Priority to DE2348702A priority patent/DE2348702C3/de
Priority to HUDU213A priority patent/HU169042B/hu
Priority to AR250536A priority patent/AR201840A1/es
Priority to CA183,720A priority patent/CA1001863A/en
Priority to JP11640573A priority patent/JPS5641688B2/ja
Priority to NO4044/73A priority patent/NO134705B/no
Priority to ES419759A priority patent/ES419759A1/es
Priority to CH1474273A priority patent/CH580764A5/xx
Priority to DD174150*A priority patent/DD107075A5/xx
Priority to FR7337191A priority patent/FR2204250A5/fr
Priority to AU61546/73A priority patent/AU483816B2/en
Priority to BR813373A priority patent/BR7308133D0/pt
Priority to IT3037873A priority patent/IT998817B/it
Priority to NL7314445A priority patent/NL7314445A/xx
Priority to LU68651A priority patent/LU68651A1/xx
Priority to AT889273A priority patent/AT333519B/de
Priority to IL43472A priority patent/IL43472A/en
Priority to AR256080A priority patent/AR202667A1/es
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Publication of US3841724A publication Critical patent/US3841724A/en
Priority to NO760902A priority patent/NO760902L/no
Assigned to STOODY COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE reassignment STOODY COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CABOT CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE
Assigned to WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. reassignment WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STOODY DELORO STELLITE, INC.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3046—Co as the principal constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/18—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on silicides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3496—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
    • F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/01—Materials digest

Definitions

  • An improved mechanical system comprising a first part presenting an aluminum surface, a second part presenting a second surface capable of being in sliding contact with the aluminum surface, and means for inducing and maintaining the two surfaces in sliding contact with each other, for example, an hydraulically operated piston-cylinder mechanical system, the improvement consisting of employing as the second surface a metallic surface comprising an alloy containing at least 60 atom percent of at least two heavy metal transition elements, the ratio of the atomic radii of the largest to the smallest transition elements being 1.05-1.68, and consisting of 10-100 volume of a hard phase and 0-90 volume percent of a matrix phase which is softer than the hard phase, said hard phase containing a major fraction of Laves phase in such amount as to provide at least 10 volume percent thereof in the alloy.
  • Aluminum and many of its alloys have poor sliding or frictional behavior against themselves and other metals. This may be attributed to the fact that aluminum has a high surface energy and strong alloyingtendencies which allow it to bond readily with other metals. Moreover, since it is soft and ductile and its crystal contains a large number of slip systems, large contact areas can be produced, thus increasing the tendency to weld and to surface flow. Although aluminum surfaces often are covered with an oxide coating, and oxide coatings are known to be a significant factor in preventing surface damage by friction or sliding, the oxide film of aluminum is hard and brittle and, being on a soft substrate, is easily fractured. As soon as the adherent protective oxide film is broken, cold welding and sintering of the exposed sliding metal can occur.
  • a liner or coating is used inside the shell to prevent galling of the aluminum, rapid wear of aluminum whichdestroys effective sealing contacts, and binding of the rotating parts by metal transfer.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical system having opposing contacting surfaces, one of which is aluminum, and means for frictionally moving the surfaces. Another object is to provide such a system wherein a fluid film is present between the sur faces. Still another object is to provide'such a system wherein the movement of the surfaces can be carried out under boundary lubricating conditions. A further object is to provide an aluminum based mechanical system having opposing surfaces capable of frictional movement, which system does not require a liner or coating on the aluminum based surface.
  • an improvement in a system capable of mechanical operation and comprising a first part presenting an aluminum surface, a second part presenting a second surface designed to be in repeating sliding contactwith the aluminum surface, and means to induce and maintain the aluminum surface and the second surface in sliding relation to each other during the operation of the system, the improvement consisting of providing a second surface which is a metallic surface consisting of an alloy containing at least atom percent of at least two heavy metal transition elements, the ratio of the atomic radii of the largest to the smallest of the heavy metal transition elements being in the range IDS-1.68.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a test apparatus such as that employed in the examples to evaluate alloys.
  • a test apparatus it represents an embodiment of the mechanical system of this invention when it comprises a first part presenting an aluminum surface, a second part presenting a surface of alloy as defined herein, which surface is capable of being maintained in sliding contact with the aluminum surface of the first part, and means for inducing and maintaining the two surfaces in sliding contact with each other.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a crosssectional view through the rotor axis of a pump with a rotatable sliding vane assembly embodying peripheral sliding contact between sliding vanes and the pump shell.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a cross-sectional view through the rotor axes of a pump with a two-lobe cooperating contrarotating assembly embodying sliding contact between the lobes and the pump shell.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional view through the rotor axes of a pump with a three-lobe cooperating contrarotating assembly embodying sliding contact between the lobes and the pump shell.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a sectional view along a common axis of a cylinder and an enclosed piston embodying a sliding contact between them.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a sectional view along a common axis of a cylinder and an enclosed piston ring embodying a sliding contact between them.
  • Either part can be movable or fixed in place provided that at least one in each couple is movable, that is, able to move in sliding contact with the other.
  • Maintenance of movement between the surfaces can be by a variety of means. Included are such means that can provide timed intermittent sliding contact between surfaces of two moving cooperating parts, that can provide oscillatory or reciprocatory sliding contact between two parts, only one of which may be moving, and that can provide sliding contact between one surface in a repeated circular sliding motion along the other surface.
  • the alloy based surface in the mechanical system can be provided in any known, convenient suitable manner.
  • it can be the surface of a part which is made entirely from the alloy. It can be a separate preformed alloy layer mechanically attached to an underlying surface or bonded thereto according to known techniques. It can be obtained'by thermal diffusion of the alloy onto the base part by known techniques, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,331,700.
  • Other known processes for obtaining the alloy based surface include weld overlaying, plasma arc spraying, powder metallurgy and casting.
  • Surfaces of Laves phase-containing alloys should be sufficiently deep to allow for the wear acceptable to the mechanical system in which it is used. As a coating, this thickness usually is 0.001-0.40 inch, according to the size of the mechanical system in use, preferably, 0.0020.03 inch. Overlays anchored by welding or mechanical attachment usually are at least 0.125 inch.
  • the alloy composition of the surface which is in sliding contact with aluminum based metal comprise a hard phase containing a major amount of a Laves phase as disclosed above.
  • the hard phase is substantially all Laves phase.
  • the hard phase contains a major fraction, that is, greater than 50 volume percent, of Laves phase and a minor fraction, that is, less than 50 volume percent, of another hard phase which accompanies the Laves phase, often surrounding it.
  • the Lavesphase is surrounded by another hard phase.
  • a Laves phase contains one or more metallographic constituents that have the C (hexagonal), C (cubic) or C (hexagonal) crystal structure as described in International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography, Symmetry Groups N. F. M. 3
  • Laves phase crystal structures are, respectively, MgZn MgCu; and MgNi
  • Such phase structures are unique crystal structures that permit the most complete occupation of space by assemblages of two sizes of spheres.
  • the Laves phase can be represented by the formula AB the large atoms A occupying certain sets of crystallographic sites and the small atoms B occupying other sites, in which the ratio of atomic radii AB is in the range 1.05-1.68.
  • Laves phases occur as intermediate phases in numerous alloy systems.
  • Laves phases generally have a homogeneity range, that is, they can have any of a range of elemental compositions while maintaining their characteristic crystal structure.
  • the atom ratio B:A can form slightly less to slightly more than .2, possibly the result of some vacant sites in the crystal structure. Also, more than one kind of atom can occupy the large atom sites, the small atom sites, or both.
  • Such Laves phases can be represented stoichiometrically by the formula (A C,)(B ,,D,,) 2 where C represents the atoms of one or more kinds that substitute for the large atoms, D represents the atoms of one or more kinds that substitute for the small atoms, of the binary Laves formula A8 and x and y have values in the range 0-1.
  • An alloy as the term is used herein, is a substance having metallic properties and containing in its clemental composition two or more chemical elements of which at least two are metals; other elements can be present.
  • a heavy metal transition element is a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Mn, Re, Cr, Mo, W, U, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, I-If, Th, Sc, Y, La, Zr and Ce.
  • the transition metal elements are selected from the group consisting of V, l-lf, W, Ta, Nb, Mo, Ni. Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zr and Ti.
  • the hard phase-containing alloy consists essentially of a substantial amount of at least one metal A, a substantial amount of at least one metal B and Si, metal A being selected from Mo and W and metal B being selected from Fe, Cr, Co and Ni, the sum of the amounts of metals A and B being at least 60 atom percent of the alloy, the amount of Si and the relative amounts of metals A and B being such as to ensure that 10-100 volume per- I cent of the alloy is hard phase, the hard phase being distributed in a relatively soft matrix of the remaining 0-90 volume percent of the alloy.
  • 20-85 volume percent of the hard phase (containing at least volume percent, and preferably, substantially all, Laves phase) is distributed in 15-80 volume percent of matrix phase.
  • the matrix can be formed of the same alloy system as the hard phase; it can be a single metal, a solid solution, one or more intermetallic compounds other than Laves phase or a mixture of solid solution and said intermetallic compounds. It must be softer than the hard phase and, generally, should have no more than about 50 percent of the Knoop hardness of the hard phase.
  • Preferred metal matrix phases exhibit a Knoop hardness of 350--750.
  • Cobalt based alloys useful herein and having the requisite amount of hard (including Laves) phase include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,180,012 and 3,410,732.
  • Alloys containing silicon and at least two heavy transition elements selected from the group consisting of Mo, Co, W, Ni and Cr include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,361,560.
  • Laves phasecontaining alloys useful herein include those disclosed in Tables 11 and 111 (the latter preferred) wherein the elements are expressed in weight percent and the hard phases are expressed in volume percent.
  • Binders can comprise up to 90 percentof the bindel alloy mixture.
  • alloy 1000 greater than 99.6% 0 A1; 2024 (4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.6% Mn); 2218 (4% CO Ni M0 Si Fe Mn Other Hard Phase 2 g); 4032 (125% 1% g (19% Cu, 0.9% Ni); 5154 (3.5% Mg, 0.25% Cr); 6061 (1% gg 3g 18 Ge ;3 Mg, 0.6% Si, 0.25% Cu, 0.25% Cr); A13 12% st 10 -36 18 v36 60 A132 (12% Si, 2.5% Ni, 1.2% Mg, 0.8% Cu); and 40E 45 58 Z; 25 (5.5% Zn, 0.6% Mg, 0.5% Cr, 0.2% Ti).
  • Preferred al- 38 O 52 Ta 35 loys include 1000, 2024, 2218 and 40E as well as 5456 60 10 30 Ti 25 (5% Mg, 0.7% Mn, 0.15% Cu, 0.15% Cr); 142 (4% Cu, 3; 35331 33 2% Ni, 1.5% Mg); and 195 (4.5%Cu).
  • A116 2024 is espec1ally preferred TABLE 111 Knoop Hardness Co Ni Mo W Si Cr C Hard Phase l-lard Phase Matrix 59.7 27.9 4.0 7.9 0.5 60 1481 569 57.6 27.8 2.0 12.0 (1) 40 920 450' 62.0 28.0 2.0 8.0 (2) 40 1481 735 70 28 2 1039 3) 65 10 50 1039 (3) 65 29 6- 50 1039 (3) 65 33 2 50 1039 (3) 60 30 10 58 1220 (3) 60 34, 6 65 4 950 3 60 33 2 50 1039 3) 55 35 10 65 1231 (3) 55 39 6 78 1200 3) 55 41 4 85 954 3) 55 43 2 75 900 (3) 50 48 2 76 l 1443 3 55 35 10 65 824 316 53 35 3 9 55 1170 370 51 9 40 45 15 35 44 6 75 58 35.
  • the alloy based surface can be 100 percent of the de- Anodized aluminum is also operable in this invention fined alloy or a mixture of the alloy and a binder which binds the alloy in place without destroying its Laves phase. Binders should be inert to, that is, nonreactive with, and softer than the'Laves phase of the alloys they q iron alloys. Resins include phenolic resins and essentially linear resins having a second ordertransition temperature (as determined by plots of flexural modulus as the aluminum based surface. The depth of the anodized layer is easily determined by test and typically is in the range2,000 microinches; generally, it is in the range 3001,200 microinches.
  • the mechanical systems of this invention containing two opposing surfaces can be used in many instances in the absence of a lubricating agent; in other words, they are self-lubricating.
  • Examples of such an application include an air control valve which must have no contact of air with lubricant and a Corliss or slide valve for steam engine operation.
  • the mechanical-systems of this invention also are operable in the presence of non-lubricating fluids, such as elongated contact across the direction of slide, the
  • Sucha contact exists between a cylinder and an enclosed piston or piston ring designed toslide on a common axis. It can also be found in rotary pumpsof the vaned, 2-lobe and 3- lobe types between the interiors of the curved shells and the sealing wipers on the rotating parts. Such pumps include rotatable sliding vane assemblies, 2-lobe contrarotating assemblies and 3-lobe contrarotating assemblies.
  • the sliding couples obtainable by this invention can be used in airor liquid-driven rotary devices for converting fluid energy to mechanical power.
  • the present invention provides an alternative to the use of slide surfaces in such mechanical systems which heretofore comprised non-galling materials or shells of aluminum protected by liners of non-galling materials. Sliding couples obtainable by means of this invention retain their ability to maintain the separation of fluid bodies without galling or rapid wearing of the aluminum.
  • the present invention makes possible the simplification of pump designs, expansion of choice in the selection of useful materials, especially lighter materials, and reduced construction costs.
  • holder 1 is anchored to a fixed reference (not shown) and holds test plate 2 level and in place by means not shown.
  • Holder 1 contains electrical cartridge heaters,-below test plate 2, which maintain elevated plate temperatures where desired.
  • Holder 1 has containing capacity, above test plate 2, in which lubricating or other liquids can be maintained during tests.
  • Pin 3 is circular bar stock of the material used in sliding test against the sur face of plate 2 while the pin end surface is horizontal. Pin 3 is held vertically positioned by clamp 4 and clamp tightening means (not shown).
  • Clamp 4 is integral with one end of reciprocating bar 5.
  • Bar 5 has yoke 6 at its other end and is guided in horizontal linear motion by bushings 7 and 8, both anchored to said fixed reference.
  • Yoke 6 is linked to oscillating means of controlled frequency and stroke.
  • Load bearer 9 is level on top 'of clamp. 4, is positioned perpendicular to the movement direction of bar 5 and has the axis of its pivot hole 10 normal to the plane of plate 2. It is long enough that it swings less than 10 degrees over the oscillating range of bar 5 and its fit at the top of clamp 4 corresponds to a single plane.
  • Weights (not shown) are loaded on top of load bearer 9, centered by the pin 3 axis to the extent needed to produce the desired pressure on the bottom end of pin 3. The manner of using this apparatus is described in the examples.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a pump with a line contact across the directionof sliding between the pump shell and the sur- 16 in communicating relation with inlet 17 and outlet 18.
  • Cylindrical rotor 19, having vane slots 20, 21, 22 and 23, is provided with radial vanes 24, 25, 26 and 27 biased radially outward (by means not shown) against the periphery of chamber 16.
  • the center of rotor 19 is displaced so that space between it and chamber 16 is carrier space for fluid entering inlet 17 to be carried by adjacent vanes to outlet 18.
  • Shell 15 and rotor 19 are of an aluminum based metal.
  • Vanes 24, 25, 26 and 27 are of a Laves phase-containing alloy as described herein and they freely slide radially toward and away from the rotor during its rotation to keep them in continuous sliding contact with the periphery of chamber 16 during pump operation.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a pump with a line contact across the direction of sliding contact between the pump shell and the lobes of a two-lobe cooperating contrarotating assembly.
  • Rotors 31 and 32 are viewed through their parallel axes. They rotate in opposite directions in cooperation with gears (not shown), one on each rotor shaft, intermeshed with each other. The rotors rotate in overlapping cylindrical chambers which communicate with inlet 33 and outlet 34 inside shell 35 which is of an aluminum based metal.
  • Rotors 31 and 32 are coated on their exterior surfaces 36 and 37 with a Laves phasecontaining alloy as described herein and they are in sliding contact with each other and with shell 35 at its internal periphery and at its cylindrical ends.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a pump with a line contact across the direction of sliding contact between the pump shell and the lobes of a three-lobe cooperating contrarotating assembly.
  • Rotors 41 and 42 are viewed through their parallel axes. They rotate in opposite directions in cooperation with gears (not shown), one on each rotor shaft, intermeshed with each other, inside aluminum based metal shell 43.
  • Shell 43 is internally shaped to provide overlapping cylindrical chambers 44 and 45 communicating with inlet 46 and outlet 47.
  • Rotors 41 and 42 are in close sliding contact with each other and with the internal surface of shell 43. They are coated on their exterior surfaces 48 and 49 with a Laves phase-containing alloy as described herein.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a sectional view along the axis of a cylinder and an enclosed piston designed to slide on a common axis.
  • Piston 51 fits sealably inside cylinder 52 and is axially movable therein.
  • Piston 51 has coating 53 of a Laves phase-containing alloy as described herein around its periphery. Coating 53 provides an elongated contact across the direction of piston slide which separates fluid body 54 from fluid body 55.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a sectional view along the axis of a cylinder and an enclosed piston ring.
  • Piston 63 fits inside cylinder 56 in a loosely scalable fit and is axially movable therein.
  • Piston 63 has annular grooves which support piston rings 57, 58 and 59 sealably inside cylinder 56.
  • the peripheries of rings 57, 58 and 59 have coatings 6t), 61 and 62 of a Laves phase-containing alloy as described herein. These coatings provide an elongated contact across the direction of slide'which separates fluid body 64 from fluid body 65.
  • Example 1 P Performance With Lubricating Oil This example tests sliding contact under boundary lubrication conditions between the contacting surfaces.
  • 0.375 lnch diameter pins having polished flat ends were files of the coupons were measured using a profilometer. Each pin was mounted'in an oscillatory mechanism so that it could be drawn back and forth at sinusoidally variable speed in 0.5 inch strokes while its flat end was in constant and complete contact with a flat sintered coating of a coupon.
  • the contact area was submerged in a TOW-40 base hydrocarbon oil.
  • Each pin was loaded to 1000 p.s.i. pressure against the plate and oscillated at feet per minute average velocity. Friction was measured during the oscillation. The system was operated at room temperature until the friction was constant, about 15 minutes.
  • Alloy 2024-T4 Alloy 2024 solution heattreated Cent carbon 4 percentgchmmiurg, 2 percent g accorimg to test prqcedure of Metals Hand dium, 6.25 percent tungsten, 5 percent molybdebook prqpemes Selecuon of Metals num and the balance iron. This is a commonly used ggLggnan, American Society For Metals, page 10 wear resistant pump Shaft materiaL H.
  • the coefficient of friction is the ratio of the applied drag Cent tm 0 2 P (or force tangent to the load) to the pin load (or force 1 Inch by 2 h couponsef 410 stemless Steel were normal to the load).
  • the CLA value is the center line Plasma lf 0015 meh eeatmgs P one of h average of variations in surface height along a line of metals desenbed below- The spfayed coatings were measurement across the direction of sliding contact on Pered and ground to a thickness of the coupon or block as measured by the profilometer.
  • the metals were: It is expressed as the arithmetic average.
  • an aluminum surface rubbing against a Laves phase-containing alloy surface is comparable to and parable to that of generally used bronze bearing materials and less than that of a frequently used steel.
  • Example 2 Performance with Water and Wet Steam This example tests sliding contact with a nonlubricating fluid between the contacting surfaces.
  • Pins were prepared as in Example 1 from materials A-D.
  • coupons were prepared and coated with metal F. The pins also were tested against the surfaces the test data obtained.
  • Table V shows the two surfaces in sliding contact with each other, the improvement consisting of employing as the first surface an aluminum based surface and as the second surface a metallic surface comprising an alloy containing at least 60 atom percent of at least two heavy metal transition elements, the ratio of the atomic radii of the largest to the smallest transition elements being 1.05 l.68, and consisting of 10-100 volume percent of a hard phase and 0-90 volume percent of a matrix phase which is softer than the hard phase, said hard phase containing a major fraction of Laves phase in such amount as to provide at least 10 volume percent thereof in tlre a lloy I W V H M 2.
  • the system of claim 1 wherein the aluminum suri EEPQQ ZEQ.-... a 3.
  • the system of claim 1 wherein the second surface is a mixture of alloy and a binder which is inert to and 2521!... 2 52111 9 ave P 1 9f tha y- 4.
  • transition elements are selected from the group consisting of V, Hf, W, E Qb, Mo, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zr and Ti.
  • An improved mechanical system comprising a first part presenting an aluminum surface, a second part presenting a second surface in contact with the alumiv num surface, and means for inducing and maintaining 8.
  • the hard phasecontaining alloy consists essentially of a substantial amount of at least one metal A, a substantial amount of at least one metal B, and Si, metal A being selected from Mo and W, metal B being selected from Fe, Cr, Co and Ni, the sum of the amounts of A and B being at least 60 atom percent of the alloy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
US00298838A 1972-10-19 1972-10-19 Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3841724A (en)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00298838A US3841724A (en) 1972-10-19 1972-10-19 Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces
DE2348702A DE2348702C3 (de) 1972-10-19 1973-09-27 Verwendung einer Kobalt- oder Nickellegierung als Werkstoff für Gleitpaare
HUDU213A HU169042B (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-09
AR250536A AR201840A1 (es) 1972-10-19 1973-10-16 Nueva aleacion mejorada resistente al desgaste y la corrosion y articulos producidos con dicha aleacion y recubiertos con la misma
AU61546/73A AU483816B2 (en) 1973-10-18 Improved wear and corrosion resistant alloys and wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces
NO4044/73A NO134705B (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18
ES419759A ES419759A1 (es) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18 Un sistema mecanico metalico que comprende dos superficies opuestas mantenidas entre si en contacto de friccion.
CH1474273A CH580764A5 (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18
DD174150*A DD107075A5 (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18
FR7337191A FR2204250A5 (en) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18 Abrasion-resistant alloy surfaces - comprise transition metals and are self-lubricating or used with lubricants
CA183,720A CA1001863A (en) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18 Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces
BR813373A BR7308133D0 (pt) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18 Aperfeicoamento em ou relativo a estruturas mecanicas metalicas,compreendendo superficies opostas operadas em conto de deslizamento de atrito
JP11640573A JPS5641688B2 (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-18
NL7314445A NL7314445A (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-19
IT3037873A IT998817B (it) 1972-10-19 1973-10-19 Superfici in contatto con attrito resistenti all usura
LU68651A LU68651A1 (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1973-10-19
AT889273A AT333519B (de) 1972-10-19 1973-10-19 Gleitpaar
IL43472A IL43472A (en) 1972-10-19 1973-10-22 Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces
AR256080A AR202667A1 (es) 1972-10-19 1974-10-14 Dispositivos mecanicos metalicos que comprenden dos superficies opuestas mantenidas en contacto de friccion entre si
NO760902A NO760902L (Sortimente) 1972-10-19 1976-03-15

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US00298838A US3841724A (en) 1972-10-19 1972-10-19 Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces

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US3841724A true US3841724A (en) 1974-10-15

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US00298838A Expired - Lifetime US3841724A (en) 1972-10-19 1972-10-19 Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces

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US (1) US3841724A (Sortimente)
CA (1) CA1001863A (Sortimente)
ES (1) ES419759A1 (Sortimente)
NL (1) NL7314445A (Sortimente)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4693942A (en) * 1985-01-14 1987-09-15 Mazda Motor Corporation Apex seal for rotary piston engines
US5290368A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-03-01 Ingersoll-Rand Company Process for producing crack-free nitride-hardened surface on titanium by laser beams
EP0882806A1 (en) * 1997-05-21 1998-12-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Hard molybdenum alloy, wear resistant alloy and method for manufacturing the same
RU2270380C1 (ru) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский теплотехнический научно-исследовательский институт" (ВТИ) Тяжелонагруженный узел трения
US20060127245A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2006-06-15 Tadahiro Ohmi Pump
US20060199034A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-07 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Friction bearing
US20060266973A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2006-11-30 Colin Gladwell Seal arrangement
US20100189582A1 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-07-29 Scott Laurence Mitchell Dual stage pump having intermittent mid-shift load supports

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1314681C (en) * 1989-06-22 1993-03-23 Grant Mccarthy Basewrap foundation wall insulation and drainage

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US24932A (en) * 1859-08-02 Gas-burner
US3289649A (en) * 1963-09-26 1966-12-06 Daimler Benz Ag Rotary piston engine
US3318515A (en) * 1965-06-07 1967-05-09 Curtiss Wright Corp Wear resistant construction for rotary mechanisms
US3359953A (en) * 1965-03-10 1967-12-26 Nsu Motorenwerke Ag Rotary internal combustion engine
US3361560A (en) * 1966-04-19 1968-01-02 Du Pont Nickel silicon and refractory metal alloy
US3552895A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-01-05 Lear Siegler Inc Dry rotary vane pump
US3795430A (en) * 1972-10-19 1974-03-05 Du Pont Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces

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US24932A (en) * 1859-08-02 Gas-burner
US3289649A (en) * 1963-09-26 1966-12-06 Daimler Benz Ag Rotary piston engine
US3359953A (en) * 1965-03-10 1967-12-26 Nsu Motorenwerke Ag Rotary internal combustion engine
US3318515A (en) * 1965-06-07 1967-05-09 Curtiss Wright Corp Wear resistant construction for rotary mechanisms
US3361560A (en) * 1966-04-19 1968-01-02 Du Pont Nickel silicon and refractory metal alloy
US3552895A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-01-05 Lear Siegler Inc Dry rotary vane pump
US3795430A (en) * 1972-10-19 1974-03-05 Du Pont Wear resistant frictionally contacting surfaces

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4693942A (en) * 1985-01-14 1987-09-15 Mazda Motor Corporation Apex seal for rotary piston engines
US5290368A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-03-01 Ingersoll-Rand Company Process for producing crack-free nitride-hardened surface on titanium by laser beams
US5330587A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-07-19 Ingersoll-Rand Company Shaft of laser nitride-hardened surface on titanium
EP0882806A1 (en) * 1997-05-21 1998-12-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Hard molybdenum alloy, wear resistant alloy and method for manufacturing the same
US6066191A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-05-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Hard molybdenum alloy, wear resistant alloy and method for manufacturing the same
US20060127245A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2006-06-15 Tadahiro Ohmi Pump
US20060266973A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2006-11-30 Colin Gladwell Seal arrangement
US7384022B2 (en) * 2003-06-18 2008-06-10 Knorr-Bremse Rail Systems (Uk) Ltd. Seal arrangement for a piston valve
RU2270380C1 (ru) * 2004-07-15 2006-02-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский теплотехнический научно-исследовательский институт" (ВТИ) Тяжелонагруженный узел трения
US20060199034A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-07 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Friction bearing
US7270892B2 (en) * 2005-03-03 2007-09-18 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Friction bearing
US20100189582A1 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-07-29 Scott Laurence Mitchell Dual stage pump having intermittent mid-shift load supports
US8636487B2 (en) * 2007-04-26 2014-01-28 Perkins Engines Company Limited Dual stage pump having intermittent mid-shift load supports

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1001863A (en) 1976-12-21
NL7314445A (Sortimente) 1974-04-23
ES419759A1 (es) 1976-09-16

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