US3837999A - Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet - Google Patents

Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837999A
US3837999A US00209749A US20974971A US3837999A US 3837999 A US3837999 A US 3837999A US 00209749 A US00209749 A US 00209749A US 20974971 A US20974971 A US 20974971A US 3837999 A US3837999 A US 3837999A
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Prior art keywords
foam
fibers
orientation
flow
roll
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00209749A
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English (en)
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R Chung
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Kimberly Clark Corp
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Kimberly Clark Corp
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Priority to US00209749A priority Critical patent/US3837999A/en
Priority to CA157,987A priority patent/CA992267A/en
Priority to DE2262985A priority patent/DE2262985A1/de
Priority to JP47128083A priority patent/JPS4867506A/ja
Priority to FR7245507A priority patent/FR2170500A5/fr
Priority to ZA729011A priority patent/ZA729011B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3837999A publication Critical patent/US3837999A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/002—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines by using a foamed suspension
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F9/003—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the twin-wire type

Definitions

  • My invention relates generally to processes for forming fibrous webs. More particularly, my invention concerns such Web forming processes that include the step of generating a foam within which the fibers are dispersed. Still more particularly, the process of my invention is directed to a method for controlling the orientation of the fibers within such a foam and thereby obtaining desired physical properties in the resulting web.
  • foam-forming fibrous webs have been known for many years. Generally, these processes involve dispersing the fibers in water, adding a surfactant or other foaming aid, and mixing in air to form an aqueous foam; this foam is then usually deposited on a moving screen or wire, and the bulk of the fluids is drained in much the same manner as in ordinary paper-making processes. Webs varying widely in thickness have been made for different applications such as medical dressings, carpet pads, insulation, wallboard, and various papers. Advantages of the foam-forming process over conventional paper-making methods include a product with better formation, viz.
  • foam forming has not become widely used.
  • One of several reasons for its lack of success, particularly with respect to the manufacture of sheets of paper with basis Weights in the range from 5 to 50 lbs/3000 ft. is that apparatus for foam forming of which I am aware offer no control of fiber orientation.
  • the webs formed directly from the foam contain fibers in a high degree of randomness.
  • a still further objective of my invention is to provide a method for producing a foam-formed fibrous web having any desired ratio of machine direction (MD) strength to cross-machine direction (CD) strength within a significant range.
  • MD machine direction
  • CD cross-machine direction
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement which can be used to carry out a process embodying my invention.
  • FIGS. 2-6 show examples of different nozzles which can be used in accordance with my invention to obtain desired shear action in the flowing foam
  • FIGS. 79 illustrate the operation of my invention to produce shear forces on fibers within the foam and resulting fiber orientation.
  • the fibers be substantially randomly oriented as produced by the foam generator or oriented in a degree less than what would be ultimately desired. If orientation is more than desired or in any mode deemed undesirable, the foam is preferably mixed and such orientation destroyed. In this manner my invention may be utilized to develop fiber orientation to the degree required for desired sheet strength properties within the range of the process capabilities.
  • wetted surfaces mean those external surfaces which contact the bulk of the moving foam.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a foam-forming system of the type wherein my invention may be employed.
  • Foam generator receives the foamable fluid feed generally indicated 11 and feeds the foam 13 through nozzle 12 to vertical forming screens 14 and 16.
  • Screen 14 moves endlessly about a conventional roll system comprising breast roll 18a, stretch roll 18]), wire rolls 18c and 18a, guide roll 18d and couch roll 18f.
  • Matching screen 16 is also supported by a roll system 'which consists of breast roll 19a, guide roll 1%, wire roll 19c, stretch roll 19d, and wire roll 19a. Both screens move over knee roll 19
  • screen 14 rotates generally counter-clockwise while screen 16 moves in the opposite direction.
  • the foamed stock 13 travels with wires 14 and 16 to roll 19f where a web 32 is substantially formed; suction boxes 29 and 30 serve to remove excess fluid and to retain the web on lower wire 14 and pan 28 collects excess fluid.
  • Felt travels endlessly about pickup roll 21a, pressure roll 21b, stretch roll 21c, felt roll 21d, guide roll 21e, and felt rolls 21 and 21g. Transfer of web 32 from wire 14 to felt 20 occurs at the nip formed by rolls 18 and 21a. The web 32 is subsequently transferred from pressure roll 21b to Yankee dryer 36.
  • Roll 38 is the dancer roll which is movably supported in a conventional manner. From the dryer 36, web 32 is wound upon itself or subjected to other customary finishing operations. The fluid removed from foam 13 and web 32 is collected as generally indicated at tank 31 and normally is reused for stock preparation and dilution of the feed to foam generator 10 at 33.
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 illustrate specific examples of nozzles that may be employed in accordance with my invention to apply controlled shear forces to the foam in its fluid state.
  • the nozzle shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 includes a rectangular opening 40 formed by surface 41, ends 42, 43 and insert 44.
  • the amount of shear for a given flow can be adjusted by the thickness of insert 44 which is removably attached as by means of bolts 46. It is preferred that insert 44 include beveled portion 45 for improved fluid flow. Attachment of the nozzle to foam generator 10 is by means of bolts 47, for example.
  • the shear forces are controlled by moving plate 52 towards 4 or away from plate 53.
  • Bolts slide within slots 54 and may be tightened to maintain plate 52 in a desired position.
  • FIG. 6 A third nozzle configuration is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • plate 56 pivots about joint 58 to adjust the size of opening 60 and thereby the shear stresses applied to the foam.
  • Plate 56 is maintained in position by adjustable locking piston 61.
  • this nozzle is adapted for horizontal foam formation on screen 62 as it moves around breast roll 64.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of foam generator 10 and nozzle 12 which is generally of the type illustrated in more detail by FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • foam 13 fiows from the foam generator 10 into the nozzle 12 fibers 66 and bubbles 6.7 are in generally random distribution forming the foam as is shown in greater detail by FIG. 8.
  • the shear forces acting on the foam in nozzle 12 tend to generate slippage as indicated in somewhat exaggerated form by displacement line 68 in FIG. 9.
  • This slippage results from relative motion between foam segments throughout section 13A as well as at the interface of sections 13a and 13b, and the fibers subjected to slippage become aligned by this relative movement as indicated schematically in FIG. 9.
  • a foam wherein the fibers span more than one bubble, and fibers of wood pulp or synthetics of a length of at least about 1 inch are suitable.
  • the foam preferably has a consistency (wt. of fibers/wt. of stock in the range of from about 1% to about 3% and feed rate of about 8 gal/min. to 40 gal/min. per foot of generator width depending on the type and weight paper being produced. Under such conditions the lack of relative motion within the liquid membranes surrounding the air bubbles apparently results in the fibers being securely retained. So held by the foam, the fibers, once well dispersed in the foam, are not free to move independently of the membranes and do not become flocculated or entangled.
  • a foam with fibers randomly dispersed in it is subjected to plug flow, where, in effect, all bubbles move together, the random fiber orientation is maintained during movement, and also during any simple subsequent breaking of the foam to form a product.
  • a desired zone of bubbles may be moved relative to another or other zones. This relative motion caused between bubbles or zones of bubbles will orient the fibers, I have found, to a marked extent, such that the control is reflected in the strength characteristics of a formed sheet or web.
  • A Cross-sectional area perpendicular to direction of flow in (linear units)
  • C Wettet perimeter around cross-sectional area A above in linear units.
  • dP/dL Pressure gradient in force units/unit area per unit length in direction of flow n and K are constants to be determined experimentally.
  • 1L Distance in linear units between two points along a dimensionally uniform section of conduit.
  • 1P Pressure difference in force unit/unit area across Plug flow occurs in a fiber foam system when the value of the left hand side of the above equation is less than K.
  • K being a characteristic constant for foams made with fluids of the same chemical composition. Yield flow occurs when the value of the left hand side of the equation is equal to or greater than K.
  • n and K can be determined by experimental observations.
  • a relatively simple method which yields results of sufiicient accuracy involves visually noting the flow transition in a transparent conduit where the conduit is of uniform, known cross-section, A, the wetted perimeter, C, and the distance between two pressure tap points may be easily measured.
  • a suitable diiferential measuring device may be placed across the two pressure taps to measure pressure differences.
  • a foam of known gas to liquid ratio is caused to slowly flow through the conduit. The flow rate is gradually increased until transition from totally plug to commencement of yield flow is visually observed.
  • the pressure differential is noted, and all variables in the above equation are known except for n and K. Repetition of this exercise with the same gas and liquid at a different ratio yields a second set of data. With the two equations, 11 and K may be readily determined.
  • EXAMPLE This example demonstrates the effect of varying the shear stress on the foam by changing nozzle dimensions.
  • Runs B and C an arrangement generally like that shown in FIG. 2 was used while Run A utilized similar apparatus except that the foam was directed from the generator onto horizontal twin screens. In all cases the consistency of the feed stock to the generator was 1%.
  • the fiber furnish was unrefined stock consisting of 50% Kraft and 50% sulfite.
  • the surfactant was Alipal AB436 (ammonium salt of a sulfated linear primary alcohol ethoxy1ate-a trademark of GAF Corp.) and added to the liquid feed in the amount of about 0.25% by volume as received.
  • the machine speed was 90 f.p.m.
  • Run C was performed at a machine speed of 120 f.p.m.
  • the following table summarizes the results of these runs:
  • wires 14 and 16 may be speeded up relative to the velocity of the depositing foam. It is therefore, not intended that the invention be limited to a particular apparatus.
  • the foam is oriented to a greater degree than is desired or in a mode which is considered more diflicult to correct, it is preferred that it be mixed to a substantially randomly oriented state and then treated as above in accordance with my invention.
  • This mixing should take place while the foam is still fluid and may be accomplished in a number of ways known to those skilled in this art. For example, impellers which do not break the foam may be used for mixing, the foam may be passed through a turbulator section, or two or more foam streams may be combined to cause mixing.
  • the range of physical property control obtainable through the use of my invention is, of course, dependent upon a wide variety of factors. Among these are fiber composition, fiber length, sheet thickness, and orientation of the fibers as produced by the foam generator. However, using pulp or other natural or synthetic fibers of nominal lengths in the range of from about to to form sheets of generally uniform thickness in the range of from 5 to 50 lbs./ 3000 ft. and starting with a randomly oriented foam, I have been able to control the MD/CD strength ratio with results ranging from 1:1 to 9:1. The former, of course, was obtained by maintaining nearly plug flow conditions while the latter resulted from the use of a narrower nozzle channel under yield flow conditions.
  • Strength ratios in between often are produced in the yield flow region where there is a two-part flow wherein that part of the flow furthest from the walls moves in the plug -fiow regime, and that part closer to the walls moves in the yield flow regime.
  • a thin layer of bubbles adjacent the walls moves at the lowest velocity (speed relative to the Wall), and successive lay-' ers from the walls move at progessively higher velocities.
  • the plug in the center as a whole, moves at the highest velocity. While this may occur in varying degrees in other arrangements, in accordance with my invention it is controlled by subjecting the foam to the desired degree of shear forces.
  • surfactants are: sodium or ammonium salts of a sulfated alkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol; nonylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols; iso-octyl phenyl polyethoxy ethanols; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalniitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan tri-oleate.
  • Cationic surfactants are substantive or tend to be completely absorbed on cellulosic fibers and may reduce bond strength in the finished dry web.
  • cationic surfactants are sometimes preferred when it is desired that retention of the detergent impart special properties such as bacteriostatic to the finished product.
  • surfactants containing Zwitterion or quaternary ammonium groups may be useful.
  • the foam may be formed by other known methods such as Denver Equipment Co.s Froth Flotation Cell or beater-type agitators.
  • a method of foam-forming a paper web having a basis weight in the range of from about 5 to about 50 pounds per 3000 sq. ft. comprising the steps of, forming a random mixture of cellulose fibers in a fluid foam comprising bubbles formed by air within an aqueous membrane wherein said fibers generally span more than one bubble, depositing said mixture from an opening onto a carrier thereby forming layers of said bubbles and fibers, and removing said fluids,
  • the degree of alignment of said fibers in the paper web in the machine direction is controlled by varying the wetted perimeter of said opening to produce yield flow and relative movement between said bubble layers within said fiuid foam, said orientation being increased as the wetted perimeter is decreased.

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US00209749A 1971-12-20 1971-12-20 Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet Expired - Lifetime US3837999A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00209749A US3837999A (en) 1971-12-20 1971-12-20 Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet
CA157,987A CA992267A (en) 1971-12-20 1972-12-04 Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet
DE2262985A DE2262985A1 (de) 1971-12-20 1972-12-19 Verfahren zur herstellung einer faserbahn
JP47128083A JPS4867506A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-20 1972-12-20
FR7245507A FR2170500A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-20 1972-12-20
ZA729011A ZA729011B (en) 1971-12-20 1972-12-20 Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00209749A US3837999A (en) 1971-12-20 1971-12-20 Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet

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US3837999A true US3837999A (en) 1974-09-24

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US00209749A Expired - Lifetime US3837999A (en) 1971-12-20 1971-12-20 Method of controlling the orientation of fibers in a foam formed sheet

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US (1) US3837999A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4867506A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA992267A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2262985A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2170500A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA729011B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972771A (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-08-03 The Black Clawson Company Headbox with variable eddy decay length
DE2758671A1 (de) * 1977-01-26 1978-07-27 Dexter Corp Leichte faserbahn mit anorganischen fasern
US4234379A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-11-18 The Dexter Corporation Process for producing a uniform fiber dispersion and machine made light weight glass fiber web material
US4250216A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-02-10 Janssen Alexander P Visible indexes
US4285767A (en) * 1978-03-13 1981-08-25 Beloit Corporation Headbox having adjustable flow passages
US4443297A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-04-17 James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. Apparatus and method for the manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web
US4443299A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-04-17 James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. Apparatus and method for the manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web
US4464224A (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-08-07 Cip Inc. Process for manufacture of high bulk paper
US4499132A (en) * 1979-11-30 1985-02-12 Janssen Alexander P Visible indexes
US4543156A (en) * 1982-05-19 1985-09-24 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Method for manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web
JPS60231895A (ja) * 1984-04-16 1985-11-18 ジエームズ・リバー・ノーウオーク、インコーポレーテツド 繊維ウエブの製造方法および装置
US4634621A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-01-06 The James River Corporation Scrim reinforced, cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making
US4636418A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-01-13 James River Corporation Cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making
US4637949A (en) * 1984-07-03 1987-01-20 James River Corporation Scrim reinforced, flat cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making
US5074965A (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-12-24 Valmet-Karhula Inc. Single-layer or multi-layer headbox for wide flow range with adjustable bypass flow guide
US5082530A (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-01-21 Valmet-Karhula Inc. Method and device in headbox of paper, board or pulp drying machine
US5102501A (en) * 1982-08-18 1992-04-07 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Multiple layer fibrous web products of enhanced bulk and method of manufacturing same
EP0481745A1 (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-04-22 James River Corporation Of Virginia Foam forming method and apparatus
US5238534A (en) * 1992-01-24 1993-08-24 James River Corporation Of Virginia Wetlaid nonwovens on high speed machines
US5958187A (en) * 1994-03-18 1999-09-28 Fort James Corporation Prewettable high softness paper product having temporary wet strength
US6059928A (en) * 1995-09-18 2000-05-09 Fort James Corporation Prewettable high softness paper product having temporary wet strength
US6103060A (en) * 1994-02-01 2000-08-15 Fort James France Method for manufacturing a sheet of paper or non-woven in a foam medium using a nonionic surfactant
US6179963B1 (en) * 1995-11-17 2001-01-30 Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh Process for influencing the breaking length cross-machine profile of a running fibrous material web
WO2004025030A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Fibermark, Inc. Process for making a sheet of ararmid fibers using a foamed medium
US20050039870A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-02-24 Rainer Blomqvist Method and apparatus for foam forming
CN105121739A (zh) * 2013-02-22 2015-12-02 芬兰温德造纸湿部技术公司 用于制造纤维网的布置和方法
US10301775B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-05-28 Stora Enso Oyj Method for producing a foam web
US11255051B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2022-02-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fibrous sheet with improved properties
US20220090328A1 (en) * 2018-12-28 2022-03-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Resilient, Multi-Layered Wiping Product
US11313061B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2022-04-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
US11591755B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2023-02-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Paper tissue with high bulk and low lint
US11998432B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2024-06-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of manufacturing a foam and fiber composite
US12331465B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2025-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Foam-formed fibrous sheets with crimped staple fibers

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1431603A (en) * 1973-11-26 1976-04-14 Wiggins Teape Ltd Forming non-woven fibrous material
JPS61133599U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-02-04 1986-08-20

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972771A (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-08-03 The Black Clawson Company Headbox with variable eddy decay length
DK156228B (da) * 1977-01-26 1989-07-10 Dexter Corp Fremgangsmaade til kontinuerlig fremstilling af et let af uorganiske fibre bestaaende baneformet materiale
DE2758671A1 (de) * 1977-01-26 1978-07-27 Dexter Corp Leichte faserbahn mit anorganischen fasern
US4285767A (en) * 1978-03-13 1981-08-25 Beloit Corporation Headbox having adjustable flow passages
US4234379A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-11-18 The Dexter Corporation Process for producing a uniform fiber dispersion and machine made light weight glass fiber web material
US4250216A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-02-10 Janssen Alexander P Visible indexes
US4499132A (en) * 1979-11-30 1985-02-12 Janssen Alexander P Visible indexes
US4443297A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-04-17 James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. Apparatus and method for the manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web
US4443299A (en) * 1980-08-18 1984-04-17 James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. Apparatus and method for the manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web
US4543156A (en) * 1982-05-19 1985-09-24 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Method for manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web
US4464224A (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-08-07 Cip Inc. Process for manufacture of high bulk paper
US5102501A (en) * 1982-08-18 1992-04-07 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Multiple layer fibrous web products of enhanced bulk and method of manufacturing same
JPS60231895A (ja) * 1984-04-16 1985-11-18 ジエームズ・リバー・ノーウオーク、インコーポレーテツド 繊維ウエブの製造方法および装置
US4636418A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-01-13 James River Corporation Cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making
US4634621A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-01-06 The James River Corporation Scrim reinforced, cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making
US4637949A (en) * 1984-07-03 1987-01-20 James River Corporation Scrim reinforced, flat cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making
US5074965A (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-12-24 Valmet-Karhula Inc. Single-layer or multi-layer headbox for wide flow range with adjustable bypass flow guide
US5082530A (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-01-21 Valmet-Karhula Inc. Method and device in headbox of paper, board or pulp drying machine
EP0481745A1 (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-04-22 James River Corporation Of Virginia Foam forming method and apparatus
US6500302B2 (en) 1990-10-17 2002-12-31 Fort James Corporation Foam forming method and apparatus
US6413368B1 (en) 1990-10-17 2002-07-02 Fort James Corporation Foam forming method and apparatus
US5238534A (en) * 1992-01-24 1993-08-24 James River Corporation Of Virginia Wetlaid nonwovens on high speed machines
US6103060A (en) * 1994-02-01 2000-08-15 Fort James France Method for manufacturing a sheet of paper or non-woven in a foam medium using a nonionic surfactant
US5958187A (en) * 1994-03-18 1999-09-28 Fort James Corporation Prewettable high softness paper product having temporary wet strength
US6059928A (en) * 1995-09-18 2000-05-09 Fort James Corporation Prewettable high softness paper product having temporary wet strength
US6179963B1 (en) * 1995-11-17 2001-01-30 Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen Gmbh Process for influencing the breaking length cross-machine profile of a running fibrous material web
US20050039870A1 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-02-24 Rainer Blomqvist Method and apparatus for foam forming
US7416636B2 (en) * 2001-11-09 2008-08-26 Ahlstrom Glassfibre Oy Method and apparatus for foam forming
WO2004025030A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Fibermark, Inc. Process for making a sheet of ararmid fibers using a foamed medium
US20040144508A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-07-29 Fibermark, Inc. Process for making a sheet of aramid fibers using a foamed medium
US6921459B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2005-07-26 Fibermark, Inc. Process for making a sheet of aramid fibers using a foamed medium
US20060011315A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2006-01-19 Fibermark, Inc. Process and apparatus for making a sheet of aramid fibers using a foamed medium
CN105121739B (zh) * 2013-02-22 2017-06-09 芬兰温德造纸湿部技术公司 用于制造纤维网的布置和方法
CN105121739A (zh) * 2013-02-22 2015-12-02 芬兰温德造纸湿部技术公司 用于制造纤维网的布置和方法
US10301775B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-05-28 Stora Enso Oyj Method for producing a foam web
US11591755B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2023-02-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Paper tissue with high bulk and low lint
US11998432B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2024-06-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of manufacturing a foam and fiber composite
US12331465B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2025-06-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Foam-formed fibrous sheets with crimped staple fibers
US11255051B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2022-02-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fibrous sheet with improved properties
US12043963B2 (en) 2017-11-29 2024-07-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fibrous sheet with improved properties
US11313061B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2022-04-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
US11788221B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2023-10-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
US12116706B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2024-10-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
US20220090328A1 (en) * 2018-12-28 2022-03-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Resilient, Multi-Layered Wiping Product
US11939726B2 (en) * 2018-12-28 2024-03-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Resilient, multi-layered wiping product

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA729011B (en) 1973-09-26
DE2262985A1 (de) 1973-07-05
CA992267A (en) 1976-07-06
JPS4867506A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-14
FR2170500A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-14

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