US3836804A - Slotted anode x-ray tube - Google Patents

Slotted anode x-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836804A
US3836804A US00305511A US30551172A US3836804A US 3836804 A US3836804 A US 3836804A US 00305511 A US00305511 A US 00305511A US 30551172 A US30551172 A US 30551172A US 3836804 A US3836804 A US 3836804A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anode
slots
ray tube
disc
electron beam
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00305511A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Frens
Den Boomgaard J Van
Suchtelen J Van
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The anode disc of an X-ray tube is provided with slots extending through anode material in the target area. Each slot has a width within the range of thermal expansion of the anode material so as to prevent thermal stresses in the anode body. In rotating anodes the slots extend from the circumference of the anode disc or the anode tyre well beyond the focalpath. Radiation through the slots of the anode can be prevented by arranging theslots at an angle with respect to the direction of incidence of the electron.
  • the invention relates to an X-ray tube having an anode on which a target spot is formed by an electron beam emitted by a cathode, the anode being provided with slots so as to prevent damage by thermal stresses.
  • An anode of an X-ray tube can be damaged in that in a tube in operation material of the anode on which the electron beam impinges is locally heated, the thermal conductivity of the anode material generally being too small for a quick and uniform distribution of the generated heat over the entire anode body.
  • substantial local temperature differences occur in a radiated anode, particularly when the tube is switched on, which results in substantial thermal stresses.
  • hot parts of the anode which tend to expand will exert a tensile force on adjacent colder parts which cannot give in, which results in a compression force in the hot parts of the anode.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,937,351 It is known from German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,937,351 that the mechanical stresses which are transferred by the heated part of the anode, i.e., the focal path, to the colder part can be dealt with by means of a resilient construction of the colder part of the anode.
  • a rotating anode is provided with slots in the anode material which is situated outside the focal path, i.e., in the anode material which is not directly heated. These slots extend, for example, radially through the anode material, as described in German Pat. No. 687,378, or spirally as indicated in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,937,351.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an X-ray tube which does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks, and to this end an X-ray tube of the kind set forth is characterized according to the invention in that the slots extend through the anode material to be radiated by the electron beam.
  • the material which is heated by the electron beam is provided with slots, the occurrence of thermal stresses is substantially prevented at this area so that stresses are transferred to the brittle material to a far lesser extent.
  • the focal ring can expand and shrink, without internal or external thermal stresses and without any significant weakening of the anode disc, while maintaining proper thermal contact with the surrounding anode material.
  • the slots can be provided at an angle with respect to the direction of incidence of the electron beam.
  • P16. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an X-ray tube comprising a rotating anode which is provided with slots according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a rotating anode comprising slots according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a rotating anode in which the slots enclose an angle with the direction of incidence of the electron beam, and
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a type anode provided with slots according to the invention.
  • An X-ray tube 1 comprises a wall 2 with an X-ray exit window 3.
  • the wall 2 furthermore accommodates a passage 4 for supply conductors 5 for a cathode 6.
  • a filament 7 is divided into two portions 9 and 10 by means of a centre tapping 8.
  • the filament emits an electron beam 11 which is accelerated in the direction of an anode l2 and which is incident on this anode at a target spot 13.
  • the anode 12 is brought to rotation by a drive system 15 at a revolution speed of, for example, 9,000 r.p.m.
  • a passage 16 in the wall 2 supply conductors for the rotating anode device are passed through the tube wall.
  • the target spot describes a circular target spot path and a beam of X-rays 17 is generated which departs through the window 3.
  • the target spot path can be shifted in the radial direction over the anode in this double-focus tube, in which case, for example, a different focussing of the beam 17 is obtained or, because the anode disc consists of mutually different materials on the target spot surface, an X-ray beam of different wavelength is obtained.
  • the anode 12 has a construction as shown in FIG. 2.
  • An anode disc of this kind has a diameter of, for example, 90 mm and consists of an anode disc 20 which is made of, for example, tungsten.
  • a rotation shaft 22 is centrally arranged in this anode disc by means of a rigid connection 21.
  • An annular portion 23 which is denoted by broken lines and whose free surface 24 will act as the target spot surface, will be referred to hereinafter as focal ring.
  • the focal ring can thus form an integral part of the complete anode disc or, in the case of composite anodes, an integral part of a cover layer of the anode, but can also be embedded as a separate ring in the anode disc.
  • the anode disc can be made of, for example ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, molybdenum or of alloys such as tungsten with rhenium or tungsten with irdium.
  • the composite anode discs which are usually constructed in the form of a double layer, the two layers usually being sintered to each other, the layer which is not to be radiated is preferably made of molybdenum.
  • the two adjacent rings can be made of a different material.
  • the anode disc is provided with slots 25 according to the invention.
  • slots extend substantially radially through the focal ring 23, preferably from the free radial end 26 of the anode disc well beyond the focal ring.
  • the distance from the free limitation to the outer limitation of the focal ring amounts to, for example, mm
  • the width of the focal ring is, for example, mm
  • the slots extend, for example, another l0 mm beyond the focal ring.
  • the ends 27 of the slots are then situated 15 mm from the centre of the disc. It will generally be advantageous to extend the slots as far as the free end 26 because thermal stresses are then optimally avoided. The provision of the slots is also easier.
  • the width of the slots is, for example, approximately 50-200 microns and is determined by the maximum expansion in the focal ring, to be calculated, for example numerically, and the number of slots. To ensure proper division of the focal ring and a limitation of the slot width, the number of slots will amount to at least approximately eight, even though a smaller number of slots may be sufficient for some applications.
  • the slots can be provided, for example, by spark chipping or electron beam machining. An advantage thereof is that the question whether or not slots will be provided need to be taken into account for the manufacture of anode discs.
  • the slots can also be provided already during the formation of the anode discs.
  • the slots can be provided, as shown in FIG. 3, in planes which enclose an angle with the direction of incidence of the electron beam.
  • the value of the angle is determined by the slot width and the thickness of the anode disc or the thickness of the focal ring material if the carrier material is to be protected against electron bombardment in the case of composite anodes. It is not always necessary that the slots extend through the entire anode part which is situated below the target spot path, viewed from the electron beam. For example, this is not necessary if the material does not become hot at this area. However, in general it will be more advantageous to allow the slots to extend through the material below the focal path.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment in the form of a tyre anode.
  • a focal ring 30 forms a tyre as it were about a rotationsymmetrical carrierbody 31.
  • a rotation shaft 32 extends through the carrier body which is rigidly connected thereto by means of clamps 33 and 34. Both shaft portions 35 and 36 of the rotation shaft can then be mounted in bearings so that stable suspension is ensured.
  • Slots 25 again divide the focal ring into, for example, 12 segments and can extend into the carrier body over some distance. The slots can again extend along planes which enclose an angle with the direction of incidence of the electron beam.
  • the slots are comparatively short with respect to the rotating anodes described above; they are in ac cordance with thickness of the disc and are shallow, for example, only a few millimetres, with the result that only comparatively little material has to be removed so that the provision of the slots is cheaper.
  • Known solutions have the drawback that, ifthe focal ring is formed by a ring which is clamped about the carrier, the focal ring will become loose from the carrier when heated by the electron beam. The focal ring is then liable to fall from the disc, and in any case proper thermal contact between disc and focal ring is broken.
  • the angle at the limitation of the anode body can be somewhat rounded off.
  • the internal limitations 27 can also be rounded off, it being permissible for the rounding off radius to be larger than half the slot width, which results in the shape shown in FIG. 4.
  • the invention enables the use of anode discs having a larger diameter.
  • larger discs always break down quickly, even though the focal ring used therein becomes less warm as a result of the larger target area and the greater discharge of heat.
  • thermal expansion of the focal ring which is larger in an absolute sense is responsible for such breakdowns.
  • this restriction is eliminated so that on the one hand higher loads can be permitted or, on the other hand, the choice of the anode material is less restricted at the same load. Both liberties can be utilized in particular in X-ray tubes for medical applications.
  • a rotating anode X-ray tube comprising a compact anode body having a target area against which an electron beam emitted by a cathode is directed, a plurality of substantially radial slots extending through the anode body from the circumference across said target area to a distance from center of rotation, the width of each slot corresponding substantially to the maximum thermal expansion of the anode portion at said target area.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US00305511A 1971-11-19 1972-11-10 Slotted anode x-ray tube Expired - Lifetime US3836804A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7115946A NL7115946A (de) 1971-11-19 1971-11-19

Publications (1)

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US3836804A true US3836804A (en) 1974-09-17

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ID=19814514

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US00305511A Expired - Lifetime US3836804A (en) 1971-11-19 1972-11-10 Slotted anode x-ray tube

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Country Link
US (1) US3836804A (de)
JP (1) JPS4912783A (de)
DE (1) DE2252291A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2160533B1 (de)
NL (1) NL7115946A (de)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3959685A (en) * 1975-02-18 1976-05-25 Konieczynski Ronald D Heat sink target
US3973156A (en) * 1974-01-23 1976-08-03 U.S. Philips Corporation Anode disc for an X-ray tube comprising a rotary anode
US4132917A (en) * 1976-03-18 1979-01-02 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotating X-ray target and method for preparing same
EP0020873A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 International Business Machines Corporation Target-Scheibe für die Ionenimplantation in Halbleiter und Verfahren zur Kühlung einer derartigen Scheibe
US4255685A (en) * 1978-08-01 1981-03-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotating anode for x-ray tubes
US4344013A (en) * 1979-10-23 1982-08-10 Ledley Robert S Microfocus X-ray tube
EP0063190A1 (de) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-27 LEDLEY, Robert S. Mikrofokus-Röntgenröhre
US4525853A (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-06-25 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Point source X-ray focusing device
US4531227A (en) * 1981-09-30 1985-07-23 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Rotary anode for X-ray tube
US4991194A (en) * 1987-12-30 1991-02-05 General Electric Cgr S.A. Rotating anode for X-ray tube
US5680433A (en) * 1995-04-28 1997-10-21 Varian Associates, Inc. High output stationary X-ray target with flexible support structure
US5907592A (en) * 1995-10-31 1999-05-25 Levinson; Reuven Axially incremented projection data for spiral CT
US6212753B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2001-04-10 General Electric Company Complaint joint for interfacing dissimilar metals in X-ray tubes
US20040208288A1 (en) * 2003-01-20 2004-10-21 Eberhard Lenz X-ray anode having an electron incident surface scored by microslits
US20070064874A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-03-22 Eberhard Lenz Rotary anode x-ray radiator
WO2007129248A1 (en) 2006-05-05 2007-11-15 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Anode plate for x-ray tube and method of manufacture
WO2009022292A2 (en) 2007-08-16 2009-02-19 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high power x-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type
WO2009007902A3 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-03-05 Philips Intellectual Property X-ray source for measuring radiation
DE102010041064A1 (de) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Drehanode
US20130287176A1 (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 American Science and Engineering, Inc X-Ray Tube with Rotating Anode Aperture
CN107068521A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2017-08-18 尼康计量公众有限公司 x射线源、高电压发生器、电子束枪、旋转靶组件、旋转靶以及旋转真空密封件
KR20180046955A (ko) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-10 테크밸리 주식회사 펄스 출력이 가능한 회전양극형 엑스선 발생장치
WO2018132841A1 (en) * 2017-01-16 2018-07-19 Varex Imaging Corporation Large angle anode target for an x-ray tube and orthogonal cathode structure
EP2906966B1 (de) * 2012-10-12 2019-06-26 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Röntgenbildgebungsvorrichtung und -verfahren

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JPS5162966A (ja) * 1974-11-30 1976-05-31 Sony Corp Denatsuseigyogatakahenshuhasuhatsushinsochi
GB2089109B (en) * 1980-12-03 1985-05-15 Machlett Lab Inc X-rays targets and tubes
DE3107924A1 (de) * 1981-03-02 1982-09-16 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Roentgenroehren-drehanode
JPS61123206A (ja) * 1984-11-19 1986-06-11 Advantest Corp 周波数掃引信号発生器
DE102005039866B4 (de) * 2005-08-23 2009-07-30 GE Homeland Protection, Inc., Newark Anode für eine Röntgenröhre mit einem langgestreckten Fokus sowie Röntgenröhre mit einer solchen Anode
US7356122B2 (en) * 2006-05-18 2008-04-08 General Electric Company X-ray anode focal track region
CN101903968B (zh) * 2007-12-19 2012-08-29 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 散射电子收集器
JP2011233364A (ja) * 2010-04-27 2011-11-17 Toshiba Corp 回転陽極型ｘ線管及び回転陽極型ｘ線管装置
JP6502356B2 (ja) * 2013-12-18 2019-04-17 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． 光子計数検出器

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DE618988C (de) * 1934-01-04 1935-09-20 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Roentgenroehre mit waehrend des Betriebes umlaufender Anode
US2430800A (en) * 1943-10-02 1947-11-11 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Rotating anode construction
US2935633A (en) * 1957-09-25 1960-05-03 Jersey Prod Res Co Radiation emitting target cooler
US3149257A (en) * 1962-04-25 1964-09-15 Dean E Wintermute X-ray devices for use on the human body
US3751702A (en) * 1969-07-23 1973-08-07 Siemens Ag Rotating anode x-ray tube
US3763387A (en) * 1970-02-28 1973-10-02 Siemens Ag X-ray tube with rotary anode

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AT315305B (de) * 1971-03-16 1974-05-27 Siemens Ag Drehanode für Röntgenröhren

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE618988C (de) * 1934-01-04 1935-09-20 C H F Mueller Akt Ges Roentgenroehre mit waehrend des Betriebes umlaufender Anode
US2430800A (en) * 1943-10-02 1947-11-11 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Rotating anode construction
US2935633A (en) * 1957-09-25 1960-05-03 Jersey Prod Res Co Radiation emitting target cooler
US3149257A (en) * 1962-04-25 1964-09-15 Dean E Wintermute X-ray devices for use on the human body
US3751702A (en) * 1969-07-23 1973-08-07 Siemens Ag Rotating anode x-ray tube
US3763387A (en) * 1970-02-28 1973-10-02 Siemens Ag X-ray tube with rotary anode

Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3973156A (en) * 1974-01-23 1976-08-03 U.S. Philips Corporation Anode disc for an X-ray tube comprising a rotary anode
US3959685A (en) * 1975-02-18 1976-05-25 Konieczynski Ronald D Heat sink target
US4132917A (en) * 1976-03-18 1979-01-02 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotating X-ray target and method for preparing same
US4255685A (en) * 1978-08-01 1981-03-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotating anode for x-ray tubes
EP0020873A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 International Business Machines Corporation Target-Scheibe für die Ionenimplantation in Halbleiter und Verfahren zur Kühlung einer derartigen Scheibe
US4344013A (en) * 1979-10-23 1982-08-10 Ledley Robert S Microfocus X-ray tube
EP0063190A1 (de) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-27 LEDLEY, Robert S. Mikrofokus-Röntgenröhre
US4531227A (en) * 1981-09-30 1985-07-23 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Rotary anode for X-ray tube
US4525853A (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-06-25 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Point source X-ray focusing device
US4991194A (en) * 1987-12-30 1991-02-05 General Electric Cgr S.A. Rotating anode for X-ray tube
US5680433A (en) * 1995-04-28 1997-10-21 Varian Associates, Inc. High output stationary X-ray target with flexible support structure
US5907592A (en) * 1995-10-31 1999-05-25 Levinson; Reuven Axially incremented projection data for spiral CT
US6212753B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2001-04-10 General Electric Company Complaint joint for interfacing dissimilar metals in X-ray tubes
US20040208288A1 (en) * 2003-01-20 2004-10-21 Eberhard Lenz X-ray anode having an electron incident surface scored by microslits
US7079625B2 (en) * 2003-01-20 2006-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray anode having an electron incident surface scored by microslits
US20070064874A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-03-22 Eberhard Lenz Rotary anode x-ray radiator
US7489763B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2009-02-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode x-ray radiator
WO2007129248A1 (en) 2006-05-05 2007-11-15 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Anode plate for x-ray tube and method of manufacture
US8126116B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2012-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Anode plate for X-ray tube and method of manufacture
US20090086916A1 (en) * 2006-05-05 2009-04-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Anode plate for x-ray tube and method of manufacture
CN101438373B (zh) * 2006-05-05 2010-06-16 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于x射线管的阳极板及其制造方法
WO2009007902A3 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-03-05 Philips Intellectual Property X-ray source for measuring radiation
US20100189211A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2010-07-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray souce for measuring radiation
US20110129068A1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2011-06-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high prower x-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type
WO2009022292A3 (en) * 2007-08-16 2009-11-12 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high power x-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type
WO2009022292A2 (en) 2007-08-16 2009-02-19 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high power x-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type
US8553844B2 (en) 2007-08-16 2013-10-08 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Hybrid design of an anode disk structure for high prower X-ray tube configurations of the rotary-anode type
CN104051207A (zh) * 2007-08-16 2014-09-17 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于旋转阳极型高功率x射线管构造的阳极盘结构的混合设计
CN104051207B (zh) * 2007-08-16 2017-05-24 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于旋转阳极型高功率x射线管构造的阳极盘结构的混合设计
DE102010041064A1 (de) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Drehanode
US20130287176A1 (en) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 American Science and Engineering, Inc X-Ray Tube with Rotating Anode Aperture
US9099279B2 (en) * 2012-04-26 2015-08-04 American Science And Engineering, Inc. X-ray tube with rotating anode aperture
US9466456B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2016-10-11 American Science And Engineering, Inc. X-ray tube with rotating anode aperture
EP2906966B1 (de) * 2012-10-12 2019-06-26 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Röntgenbildgebungsvorrichtung und -verfahren
US9941090B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2018-04-10 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, and rotary vacuum seal
US10020157B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-07-10 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
CN107068520A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2017-08-18 尼康计量公众有限公司 x射线源、高电压发生器、电子束枪、旋转靶组件、旋转靶以及旋转真空密封件
US9947501B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-04-17 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
US9966217B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-05-08 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
CN107068520B (zh) * 2013-03-15 2019-12-03 尼康计量公众有限公司 旋转x射线发射靶和x射线枪
US10008357B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-06-26 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
US20180033582A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2018-02-01 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
CN107068521A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2017-08-18 尼康计量公众有限公司 x射线源、高电压发生器、电子束枪、旋转靶组件、旋转靶以及旋转真空密封件
US10096446B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-10-09 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
US10102997B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2018-10-16 Nikon Metrology Nv X-ray source, high-voltage generator, electron beam gun, rotary target assembly, rotary target, and rotary vacuum seal
KR20180046955A (ko) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-10 테크밸리 주식회사 펄스 출력이 가능한 회전양극형 엑스선 발생장치
WO2018132841A1 (en) * 2017-01-16 2018-07-19 Varex Imaging Corporation Large angle anode target for an x-ray tube and orthogonal cathode structure
US10755887B2 (en) 2017-01-16 2020-08-25 Varex Imaging Corporation Large angle anode target for an X-ray tube and orthogonal cathode structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4912783A (de) 1974-02-04
FR2160533A1 (de) 1973-06-29
FR2160533B1 (de) 1976-01-30
DE2252291A1 (de) 1973-05-30
NL7115946A (de) 1973-05-22

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