US3836129A - Evaporator for liquid anesthetics - Google Patents

Evaporator for liquid anesthetics Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836129A
US3836129A US00281772A US28177272A US3836129A US 3836129 A US3836129 A US 3836129A US 00281772 A US00281772 A US 00281772A US 28177272 A US28177272 A US 28177272A US 3836129 A US3836129 A US 3836129A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
evaporating
evaporator
effuser
shutter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00281772A
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English (en)
Inventor
I Gorlin
A Traxler
A Perelmutr
A Berlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB3726872A priority Critical patent/GB1396902A/en
Priority to DE2239678A priority patent/DE2239678C3/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US00281772A priority patent/US3836129A/en
Priority to FR7231250A priority patent/FR2208686B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3836129A publication Critical patent/US3836129A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/18—Vaporising devices for anaesthetic preparations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3368—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/65—Vaporizers

Definitions

  • the control slide when in the other extreme position, interacts with the effuser to shut up gas issue from the evaporating chamber.
  • This invention relates generally to medical equipment and has particular reference to evaporators for liquid narcotics (anesthetics) adapted for proportioning evaporable anesthetics used in inhalation narcosis at surgical and anesthesiological departments.
  • evaporator for liquid narcotics, comprising an evaporating chamber with capillary-structure evaporating elements, a straight-flow by-pass duct with an obturator or shutter and a control slide.
  • the arrangement of the evaporating elements along the walls and bottom of the evaporating chamber fails to obtain high gradients of concentration of the anesthetic in gas which fact in conjunction with too small evaporation area confined to the evaporator size and its incomplete utilization, leads to an inadequate saturation of gas with the vapours of anesthetic at high gas consumption rate.
  • Unstable gas flow division and insufficient gas saturation at the outlet of the evaporating chamber results in unstable proportioning of anesthetics, especially when using the same evaporator for various anesthetics.
  • an evaporator for liquid narcotics comprising an evaporating chamber with capillary-structure evaporating elements communicating through inlet and outlet openings with a straight-flow by-pass duct, wherein provision is made for a shutter and a control slide which is adapted, when in one of its extreme positions to interact with said shutter to close gas admission to the bypass duct, according to the invention the evaporating chamber is made as a circular straight-flow channel embracing the by-pass duct, the evaporating elements are arranged lengthwise the gas flow lines, and the chamber is provided with an effuser located at the outlet thereof concentrically with the shutter so as to form an annular gap therewith, whereas the control slide, when in the other extreme position, interacts with the effuser to shut off the issue of gas from the evaporating chamber.
  • the evaporating elements be made as channel bars with their side walls bearing against the chamber walls.
  • the slide end interacting with the effuser be provided with an external narrowing shaped to suit the shape of the effuser, while the other slide end be made threaded to interact with the slide motion nut.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an evaporator for liquid narcotics, according to the invention.
  • the channel bars partition the chamber 1 into longitudinal compartments 21 (FIG. 2) parallel to one another.
  • the inlet nozzle 13 (FIG. 1) interacts with a nut 22 by virtue of its thread, said nut being mounted rotatably on a cover 23 of the evaporating chamber 1.
  • the nut 22 is provided with a replaceable scale 24 calibrated with due allowance for the outlet temperature of the evaporating chamber 1.
  • the control slide 11 has slits 25 adapted to interact with the inlet openings of the chamber 1.
  • Gas flow resistance (i.e., pressure differential) in the flow path of the evaporating chamber 1 is concentrated at the outer annular gap in between the effuser 8 and the tapered portion 12 of the control slide 11, while the resistance in the flow path of the by-pass duct 2, at the -inner annular gap in between the tapered portion 12 and the shutter 3.
  • Relationship between the pressure differential and the gas flow rate through the chamber 1 and the bypass duct 2 is approximately linear.
  • the evaporating elements 20 may also be made as thin-walled tubes of porous metal, spaced at a clearance with one another and having openings located opposite to the outlet openings of the evaporating chamber 1, or else made as a spiral provided with similar openings.
  • control slide 11 (FIG. 1) is set, by rotating the nut 22 with the scale 24, to the position ensuring the required ratio of the gas flow rates through the chamber 1 and the by-pass duct 2, said ratio being dependent upon the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the outer annular gap (in between the effuser 8 and the tapered portion 12) and the inner annular gap (in between the tapered portion 12 and the shutter 3).
  • Gas (which may be in fact the air inhaled by the patient, or a gas mixture fed from any extraneous source) is delivered to the evaporator via the inlet nozzle 13 to pass in between the shutter 5 and the control slide 11, whereupon the gas flow is divided into two streams, of which one is directed through the slits 25 and the openings 14 into the chamber 1, wherein the gas is spread over the compartments 21 (FIG. 2) and passes along the channel bars from the inlet of the chamber 1 (FIG. 1) towards the outlet thereof. While passing the gas gets saturated with the anesthetic till an equilibrium saturation thereof which is equal to the ratio of the partial pressure of saturated vapours of the anesthetic and the ambient pressure at the temperature measured by the thermometer 18.
  • Liquid anesthetic is fed from the container 17 to the evaporating surface of the channel bars along the capillaries running through the bulk of the porous sheet material.
  • the thus-obtained narcotic mixture emerges from the evaporator through the outlet nozzle 10 and is fed to the patient.
  • control slide 11 When in one of its extreme positions corresponding to the maximum reading of the scale 24, the control slide 11 rests with the inner surface of the tapered portion 12 against the shutter 3 so that the entire gas flow passes through the chamber 1, thus equilibriumsaturated with the vapours of anesthetic.
  • Heat required for evaporation of liquid anesthetic is fed to the evaporating elements 20 from the thermostabilizing liquid circulating through the jackets 19, as well as from the environment space and the gas passing through the evaporator.
  • the proposed small-sized evaporator weighing about 2 kg, is capable of an accurate proportioning of any evaporable anesthetic, such as fluoroethane, diethyl ether, methoxyflurane (pentrane), chloroform, trichloroethylene, within the range of gas flow rate of from 2 to 15 l/min (in case of constant flow) and from 4 to 12 l/min (in case of pulsating flow) at temperatures of from +5 to +30C; the hydraulic resistance offered by the evaporator is as low as 10 mm H O at a constant flow rate of 25 l /min, the amount of residual liquid anesthetic in the evaporating chamber after its drainage is about 5 ml.
  • any evaporable anesthetic such as fluoroethane, diethyl ether, methoxyflurane (pentrane), chloroform, trichloroethylene
  • An evaporator for liquid narcotics comprising: a straight-flow by-pass duct; a fixed shutter provided in said by-pass duct at one of the ends thereof; an evaporating chamber having inlet and an outlet openings, said chamber being formed as an annular straight-flow channel encompassing said by-pass duct and communicating with the latter through said openings; evaporating elements having a capillary structure being postioned along said chamber; a generally cylindrically shaped control slide with a tapered portion at the exit end thereof longitudinally movably received in said bypass duct whereby the by-pass fluid flow passes through said control slide and around said shutter; and an effuser located at the outlet of said chamber, said tapered portion being externally shaped in conformance with the profile of said effuser; said effuser being positioned such that the fluid flows from the by-pass duct and evaporating chamber are directed to converge in correspondent directions.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US00281772A 1972-08-18 1972-08-18 Evaporator for liquid anesthetics Expired - Lifetime US3836129A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3726872A GB1396902A (en) 1972-08-18 1972-08-10 Evaporator for liquid narcotics
DE2239678A DE2239678C3 (de) 1972-08-18 1972-08-11 Verdampfungsapparat für flüssige Narkotika
US00281772A US3836129A (en) 1972-08-18 1972-08-18 Evaporator for liquid anesthetics
FR7231250A FR2208686B1 (fr) 1972-08-18 1972-09-04

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00281772A US3836129A (en) 1972-08-18 1972-08-18 Evaporator for liquid anesthetics

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3836129A true US3836129A (en) 1974-09-17

Family

ID=23078723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00281772A Expired - Lifetime US3836129A (en) 1972-08-18 1972-08-18 Evaporator for liquid anesthetics

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3836129A (fr)
DE (1) DE2239678C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2208686B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1396902A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969449A (en) * 1972-03-29 1976-07-13 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Vaporizing process
US4225542A (en) * 1978-12-12 1980-09-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Evaporative humidifier
US4234527A (en) * 1979-08-21 1980-11-18 Anderson Richard D Evaporative carburetor for combustion engines
US4288396A (en) * 1978-11-17 1981-09-08 Ottestad Nils T Method and device for conditioning of breathing air for divers
US4486362A (en) * 1981-06-09 1984-12-04 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Process and arrangement for the formation of an ignitable mixture from liquid fuel and combustion air
US4919125A (en) * 1988-04-27 1990-04-24 Boc Group Plc. Anaesthetic vaporisers
US5114625A (en) * 1991-02-20 1992-05-19 Gibson Clyde W Fragrance dispenser for evaporating aromatic liquid
US8267081B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2012-09-18 Baxter International Inc. Inhaled anesthetic agent therapy and delivery system
RU2497553C1 (ru) * 2012-03-12 2013-11-10 Александр Зиновьевич Берлин Испаритель анестетиков
US20170151412A1 (en) * 2014-06-17 2017-06-01 Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA Device and method for dispensing an anesthetic into a gas stream

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8312924U1 (de) * 1983-05-02 1987-06-25 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck Narkosemittelverdunster mit einem der Verdunsterkammer parallelgeschalteten Bypass mit einer Überwachungseinrichtung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2915061A (en) * 1956-12-24 1959-12-01 Cyprane Ltd Volatile anaesthetic vaporising apparatus
US3353535A (en) * 1964-10-30 1967-11-21 Air Reduction Anesthetic and analgesic inhaler apparatus

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2677370A (en) * 1952-06-26 1954-05-04 American Home Prod Therapeutic inhaler
GB1043110A (en) * 1964-09-15 1966-09-21 Robert Reynolds Macintosh Improvements in or relating to anaesthetic administering apparatus
DE1922403A1 (de) * 1969-05-02 1970-11-05 Draegerwerk Ag Ausdehnungstemperaturfuehler,insbesondere fuer medizinische Geraete

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2915061A (en) * 1956-12-24 1959-12-01 Cyprane Ltd Volatile anaesthetic vaporising apparatus
US3353535A (en) * 1964-10-30 1967-11-21 Air Reduction Anesthetic and analgesic inhaler apparatus

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969449A (en) * 1972-03-29 1976-07-13 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Vaporizing process
US4288396A (en) * 1978-11-17 1981-09-08 Ottestad Nils T Method and device for conditioning of breathing air for divers
US4225542A (en) * 1978-12-12 1980-09-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Evaporative humidifier
US4234527A (en) * 1979-08-21 1980-11-18 Anderson Richard D Evaporative carburetor for combustion engines
US4486362A (en) * 1981-06-09 1984-12-04 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Process and arrangement for the formation of an ignitable mixture from liquid fuel and combustion air
US4919125A (en) * 1988-04-27 1990-04-24 Boc Group Plc. Anaesthetic vaporisers
US5114625A (en) * 1991-02-20 1992-05-19 Gibson Clyde W Fragrance dispenser for evaporating aromatic liquid
US8267081B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2012-09-18 Baxter International Inc. Inhaled anesthetic agent therapy and delivery system
RU2497553C1 (ru) * 2012-03-12 2013-11-10 Александр Зиновьевич Берлин Испаритель анестетиков
US20170151412A1 (en) * 2014-06-17 2017-06-01 Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA Device and method for dispensing an anesthetic into a gas stream
US11383060B2 (en) * 2014-06-17 2022-07-12 Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA Device and method for dispensing an anesthetic into a gas stream

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2208686B1 (fr) 1976-10-29
GB1396902A (en) 1975-06-11
DE2239678A1 (de) 1974-02-21
DE2239678C3 (de) 1979-08-09
DE2239678B2 (de) 1978-12-14
FR2208686A1 (fr) 1974-06-28

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