US3835820A - Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3835820A
US3835820A US00263618A US26361872A US3835820A US 3835820 A US3835820 A US 3835820A US 00263618 A US00263618 A US 00263618A US 26361872 A US26361872 A US 26361872A US 3835820 A US3835820 A US 3835820A
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voltage
air
generating
circuit
engine
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US00263618A
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H Fujisawa
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Denso Corp
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NipponDenso Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically specially for low-pressure fuel-injection

Definitions

  • This fuel injection system for internal combustion engines includes first means for generating a DC voltage proportional to the weight flow rate of air taken into an engine, second means for generating a sawtooth voltage which is synchronized with the working cycle of the engine and whose slope varies with the rotational speed of the engine, third means for comparing the output voltages of said first and second means and generating a pulse corresponding to the amount of fuel required for each engine cylinder per operating cycle of the engine, and at least one electromagnetic valve operable in response to a pulse generated by said third means.
  • IIIEIIIIIIIIIIT III I amsiazo SHEET 14 UF 6 F I G 9 OUTPUT OF A.C GENERATOR 36 A A F l G l0 OUTPUT 0F CCWIRATOR 40' J l I L I F l G ll I lhPUT To NAND CIRCUIT 64 IL L L W Y K SET SIGNAL F I G l2 OUTPUT OF M U NAND CIRCUIT.65
  • the present invention relates to an electronically controlled fuel injection system for an external-ignition type internal combustion engine employing electromagnetically operated fuel injection valves and adapted to control the duration of the opening of the electromagnetic valves in accordance with the time width of voltage pulses to measure the quantity of fuel delivered.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an air cleaner and an air flow meter of the fuel injection system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an air flow measuring element of the air flow meter shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the flow rate of air through the air flow meter and the pressure difference.
  • FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of the output voltage of a differential pressure-voltage transducer.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coefficient multiplier
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature and the ratio between the input and output voltages of the coefficient multiplier of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram of the output voltage of an engine revolution-voltage transducer.
  • FIGS. 9, 10, 11, l2, l3 and 14 are diagrams using the same time base as the abscissa for explaining the voltage signals and switching operations at various parts of the system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the electric circuity of the electric control section of the system illustrated inn FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a coefficient multiplier operatively associated with an air flow rate adjuster.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between the input-output ratio of the coefficient multiplier and the opening of an air throttle valve.
  • numeral 1 designates a fuel tank, 2 a fuel feed pump, 3 a pressure relief valve, 4 a fuel distributor.
  • the fuel feed pump 2 is driven by an electric motor (not shown) to draw out fuel from the fuel tank 1.
  • a portion of the fuel thus drawn out is returned to the fuel tank 1 by the pressure relief valve 3 through a return line 5, thus maintaining the pressure in fuel lines 6 and 7 and the fuel distributor 4 at a constant pressure.
  • Fuel injection pipes 8 are connected to the fuel distributor 4 to feed the fuel to electromagnetic valves 9.
  • the fuel pressure in the electromagnetic valves 9 is maintained at the same constant value as the fuel pressure in the distributor 4.
  • the electromagnetic valves 9 are mounted on an inlet pipe 11 of an engine 10. Air taken into the engine 10 is fed via an air cleaner 12, an air flow meter 13, an air flow rate adjuster l4 and through the inlet pipe 11. The amount of air supplied to the engine 10 is regulated according to the opening of an air throttle valve 15 of the air flow rate adjuster 14, and the air throttle valve 15 is linked to an accelerator pedal 16 by a suitable linkage so that the air quantity is regulated through the manipulation of the accelerator pedal 16 by the driver.
  • the quantity of fuel to be delivered is controlled according to the amount of air supplied to the engine 10 and the metering of the fuel is effected in accordance with the time width of a voltage which energizes the electromagnetic valves 9, i.e., the duration of the opening of the electromagnetic valves 9.
  • the air flow meter 13 is mounted downstream of the air cleaner 12 and it is constructed as shown in FIG. 2.
  • numeral 17 designates an air cleaner case having an air inlet port 18, 19 an air cleaner element, 20 a cover secured to the air cleaner case 17 by a known means which is not shown.
  • the air to be drawn in passes through the air cleaner element 9 and through an air flow rate measuring element 21.
  • the air flow rate measuring element 21 is secured to a casing 22 attached to the air cleaner case 17 and the casing 22 is provided with air pressure inlet pipes 22A and 228 formed to open respectively at the upstream and downstream of the air flow rate measuring element 21.
  • the air flow rate measuring element 21 comprises, as shown in FIG. 3, a large number of very small tubes parallel to the axis.
  • the pressure difference AP Kg/cm is measured by a differential pressure-voltage transducer 23 connected to the air pressure inlet pipes 22A and 22B, the transducer consisting of for example a known diaphragm operated type transducer and adapted to convert the pressure difference AP Kg/cm into an output voltage B in volts as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the volumetric flow rate QA cclsec of air taken into an engine can be measured in terms of a voltage E, in volts.
  • the voltage E (V) is applied to an electric line 24 through which it is coupled to the coefficient multiplier 25.
  • the coefficient multiplier 25 is constructed as shown in FIG.
  • Numeral 30 designates a pressure-voltage transducer of the type known in the art which measures and converts the atmospheric pressure into a voltage.
  • the product of the voltage E, (V) and the output voltage of the pressure-voltage transducer 30 which is related to the atmospheric pressure is delivered to an output line 32.
  • the output voltage E (V) applied on the output line 32 is proportional to the weight flow rate of the air supplied to the engine.
  • Numeral 33 designates a rotary shaft which rotates atthe same revolutions as the engine and numeral 34 designates a speed reducing shaft that rotates at a speed which is one half the revolutions of the engine 10.
  • An AC voltage generator 36 of a known type is mechanically connected to the speed reducing shaft 36.
  • the output of the AC voltage generator 36 is supplied to a revolution voltage transducer 35 consisting of, as shown by way of example in FIG. 15, a diode 49 and a capacitor 50 and the characteristic of its output voltage E-(V) is proportional to the engine revolutions N rpm as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the output voltage E-(V) is applied to an electrical line 37 and it is then coupled to an integrator 38.
  • the output voltage of the AC voltage generator 36 has a period of one cycle per revolution of the speed reducing shaft 34 reversing its polarity with respect to 21 reference voltage 0(V) as shown in FIG. 9.
  • This AC voltage is applied to a comparator 40 through a line 39.
  • the comparator 40 compares this AC voltage with the reference voltage 0(V) so that it produces a 1 signal when the AC voltage is greater than the reference voltage and a 0 signal is produced when the former is smaller than the latter, thus delivering the output signal shown in FIG. 10 to a line 41.
  • the integrator 38 comprises, as shown by way of example in FIG.
  • a flip-flop 31 is connected to the integrator 38 to place the latter in its integrating and reset states.
  • the flip-flop 31 comprises NAND circuits 64 and 65 and it is operated when it receives a set signal as shown in FIG. 11 from a differentiation circuit which comprises, as shown in FIG. 15, a capacitor 66 and a resistor 67 and to which the output signal of the comparator 40 is applied.
  • the application of this set signal to the flip-flop 31 causes the NAND circuit 64 to change its state changing its output from O to I.
  • the coefficient multiplier 44 comprises an electrical resistor operatively associated with the air flow rate adjuster 14 so that it receives the voltage E (V) at its input terminal 45 and produces at its output terminal 46 a voltage E corrected for the opening 0 of the air throttle valve 15.
  • E IE input-output voltage ratio
  • the voltage E (V) produced at the output terminal 46 is in fact the voltage E proportional to the weight flow rate of the air actually supplied to the engine, which is corrected as if more air were supplied to the engine.
  • the output voltage E,;' (V) of the coefficient multiplier 44 and the output of the integrator 38 are then applied to the comparator 43 through resistors 68 and 72 so that the two input signals are compared as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the comparator 43 changes its output and thus produces, as shown in FIG. 14, a reset signal which is delivered to an output line 42 of the comparator 43.
  • the signal that flows through the output line 42 is used as a control voltage for actuating the NAND circuit 65 of the flip-flop 31. In other words, the output of the NAND circuit 65 changes from O to 1. Consequently,
  • the integrator 38 terminates its integrating operation and discharges and the comparator 43 also immediately changes its state returning to the initial condition.
  • the output of the NAND circuit 65 is connected to an electromagnetic valve actuating circuit 48 comprising, as shown by way of example in FIG. 15, resistors 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73 and transistors 74 and 75.
  • the electromagnetic valve 9 is energized from a power source 78 and re mains open for a time duration 1- during which time the output of the NAND circuit 65 remains in the 1 state.
  • the energizing time duration 1' is proportional to the quantity of fuel fed to the engine by the electromagnetic valve 9.
  • the energizing time duration 7 is determined by the output of the coefficient multiplier 44, i.e., the voltage E (V) proportional to the weight flow rate of the air taken and the sawtooth wave output voltage of the integrator 38.
  • this time duration is proportional to the quantity of fuel fed in parts according to a timed sequence in synchronization with the revolutions of an engine and in proper balance with the weight flow rate of the air supplied to the engine.
  • the volumetric flow rate of air drawn into an engine is converted into and detected as a voltage which is then corrected for the external temperature and atmospheric pressure to produce a voltage proportional to the weight flow rate of air supplied to the engine, while the output of the flip-flop 31 is related to the output voltage of the revolution-voltage transducer 35 which is proportional to the revolutions of the engine 10 and integrated in synchronization with the rotation of the engine 10 producing a sawtooth wave voltage.
  • the voltage proportional to the weight flow rate and the sawtooth wave voltage are then compared and the result of this comparison is applied to the flip-flop 31 so that the output of the flip-flop 31 is employed to energize the electromagnetic valve 9.
  • the air-fuel ratio can be continuously adjusted in accordance with the opening of the air throttle valve 15 so that the output mixture may be obtained at near full throttle.
  • a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprising,
  • pulse generating means connected in circuit with said two means for comparing the output voltages of said two means for comparing the output voltages of said two means to produce a pulse corresponding to the quantity of fuel required for each cylinder of the engine per operating cycle thereof
  • At least one electromagnetic valve connected in circuit with said pulse generating means and operable in response to said pulse generated by said pulse generating means
  • the first mentioned generating means includes an air flow-voltage transducer comprises an air flow rate measuring element mounted downstream of an air cleaner in the inlet pipe of the en gine and composed of a plurality of small tubes arranged in parallel in the direction of flow of the air in said inlet pipe, air pressure inlet pipes opened respectively at the upstream and downstream sides of said air flow rate measuring element to receive the air pressures at said upstream and downstream sides, and a differential pressure-voltage transducer connected to said air pressure inlet pipes for detecting the pressure difference between the air pressures induced through said air pressure inlet pipes to generate a voltage corresponding to said pressure difference.
  • an air flow-voltage transducer comprises an air flow rate measuring element mounted downstream of an air cleaner in the inlet pipe of the en gine and composed of a plurality of small tubes arranged in parallel in the direction of flow of the air in said inlet pipe, air pressure inlet pipes opened respectively at the upstream and downstream sides of said air flow rate measuring element to receive the air pressures at said upstream and downstream sides,
  • a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprising,
  • pulse generating means connected in circuit with said first means for generating a pulse synchronized with the working cycle of an associated engine
  • an engine revolution-voltage transducer connected in circuit with said first means for generating a DC voltage, the value of which is proportional to the engine revolution,
  • a flip-flop circuit having two input terminals, one of said input terminals being connected in circuit with said pulse generating means, for succeeding to generate an output signal when the pulse of said pulse generating means is applied,
  • a comparator connected in circuit at the input terminals thereof with said integrator circuit and said second means and at the output terminal thereof with the other terminal of said flip-flop circuit for comparing a voltage signal of said second means with said sawtooth wave voltage and generating an output signal for stopping said output signal from said flip-flop circuit
  • an electromagnetic valve means connected in circuit with said flip-flop circuit for supplying fuel to the engine during the time duration when the output signal of said flip-flop circuit is generating
  • said second means comprises an air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage directly proportional to the weight flow rate of the air taken into the engine, a temperature coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage representative of the output voltage of said air flow rate-voltage transducer modified in accordance with the temperature of the air induced, an atmospheric pressure detector connected in circuit with said temperature coefficient multiplier for correcting the output voltage of said temperature coefficient multiplier in accordance with the value of the atmospheric pressure and generating an output voltage, and an air throttle valve opening coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said atmospheric pressure detector for correcting the output voltage of said atmospheric pressure detector in accordance with the opening of said air throttle valve any generating an output signal to said comparator, and
  • said air flow rate-voltage transducer comprises an air flow rate measuring element mounted downstream of an air cleaner in the inlet pipe of the engine and composed of a plurality of small tubes arranged in parallel in the direction of flow of the air in said inlet pipe, air pressure inlet pipes opened respectively at the upstream and downstream sides of said air flow rate measuring element to receive the air pressures at said upstream and downstream sides, and a differential pressurevoltage transducer connected to said air pressure inlet pipes for detecting the pressure difference between the air pressures induced through said air pressure inlet pipes to generate a voltage corresponding to said pressure difference.
  • a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprising,
  • pulse generating means connected in circuit with said first means for generating a pulse synchronized with the working cycle of an associated engine
  • an engine revolution-voltage transducer connected in circuit with said first means for generating a DC voltage, the value of which is proportional to the engine revolution,
  • a flip-flop circuit having two input terminals, one of said input terminals being connected in circuit with said pulse generaating means, for succeeding to generate an output signal when the pulse of said pulse generating means is applied,
  • anintegrator circuit connected in circuit with said flip-flop circuit and said engine revolution-voltage transducer for generating a sawtooth wave voltage which is synchronized with the generation of the nals thereof with said integrator circuit and said second means and at the output terminal thereof with the other terminal of said flip-flop circuit for comparing a voltage signal of said second means with said sawtooth wave voltage and generating an output signal for stopping said output signal from said flip-flop circuit, and
  • an electromagnetic valve means connected in circuit with said flip-flop circuit for supplying fuel to the engine during the time duration when the output signal of said flip-flop circuit is generating
  • said second means comprises an air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage directly proportional to the weight flow rate of the air taken into the engine, a temperature coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage representative of the output voltage of said air flow rate-voltage transducer modified in accordance with the temperature of the air induced, an atmospheric pressure detector connected in circuit with said temperature coefficient multiplier for correcting the output voltage of said temperature coefficient multiplier in accordance with the value of the atmospheric pressure and generating an output voltage, and an air throttle valve opening coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said atmospheric pressure detector for correcting the output voltage of said atmospheric pressure detector in accordance with the opening of said air throttle valve and generating an output signal to said comparator, and
  • said temperature coefficient multiplier comprises a bimetal adapted to make a predetermined amount of mechanical displacement with a change in temperature, and an electrical resistor connected with said bimetal strip whose resistance value changes in accordance with the mechanical displacement of said bimetal strip, whereby the output voltage of said air flow rate-voltage transducer is corrected in accordance with a change in the resistance value of said electrical resistor to produce an output voltage.
  • a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprising,
  • pulse generating connected in circuit with said two means for comparing the output voltages of said two means to produce a pulse corresponding to the quantity of fuel required for each cylinder of the engine per operating cycle thereof
  • At least one electromagnetic valve connected in circuit with said pulse generating means and operable in response to said pulse generated by said pulse generating means
  • the first mentioned generating means includes an air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage directly proportional to the weight flow rate of the air taken into the engine, a temperature coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage representative of the output voltage of said air flow ratevoltage transducer modified in accordance with the temperature of the air induced, an atmospheric pressure detector connected in circuit with said temperature coefficient multiplier for correcting the output voltage of said temperature coefficient multiplier in accordance with the value of the atmospheric pressure and generating an output voltage, and an air throttle valve opening coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said atmospheric pressure detector for correcting the output voltage of said atmospheric pressure detector in accordance with the opening of said air throttle valve any generating an output signal to said comparator, and
  • said air flow rate-voltage transducer comprises an air flow rate measuring element mounted downstream of an air cleaner in the inlet pipe of the engine and composed of a plurality of small tubes arranged in parallel in the direction of flow of the air in said inlet pipe, air pressure inlet pipes opened respectively at the upstream and downstream sides of said air flow rate measuring element to receive the air pressures at said upstream and downstream sides, and a differential pressure-voltage transducer connected to said air pressure inlet pipes for detecting the pressure difference between the air pressures induced through said air pressure inlet pipes to generate a voltage corresponding to said pressure difference.
  • said temperature coefficient multiplier comprises a bimetal adapted to make a predetermined amount of mechanical displacement with a change in temperature, and an electrical resistor connected with said bimetal strip whose resistance value changes in accordance with the mechanical displacement of said bimetal strip, whereby the output voltage of said air flow rate-voltage transducer is corrected in accordance with a change in the resistance value of said electrical resistor to produce an output voltage.
  • a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines comprising,
  • pulse generating connected in circuit with said two means for comparing the output voltages of said two means to produce a pulse corresponding to the quantity of fuel required for each cylinder of the engine per operating cycle thereof
  • At least one electromagnetic valve connected in circuit with said pulse generating means and operable in response to said pulse generated by said pulse generating means
  • the first mentioned generating means includes an air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage directly proportional to the weight flow rate of the air taken into the engine, a temperature coefi'icient multiplier connected in circuit with said air flow rate-voltage transducer for generating an output voltage representative of the output voltage of said air flow ratevoltage transducer modified in accordance with the temperature of the air induced, an atmospheric pressure detector connected in circuit with said temperature coefficient multiplier for correcting the output voltage of said temperature coefficient multiplier in accordance with the value of the atmospheric pressure and generating an output voltage, and an air throttle valve opening coefficient multiplier connected in circuit with said atmospheric pressure detector for correcting the output voltage of said atmospheric pressure detector in accordance with the opening of said air throttle valve and generating an output signal to said signal to said comparator, and
  • said temperature coefiicient multiplier comprises a bimetal adapted to make a predetermined amount of mechanical displacement with a change in temperature, and an electrical resistor connected with said bimetal strip whose resistance value changes in accordance with the mechanical displacement of said bimetal strip, whereby the output voltage of said air flow rate-voltage transducer is corrected in accordance with a change in the resistance value of said electrical resistor to produce an output voltage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986006A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-10-12 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection controlling system for an internal combustion engine
US4010717A (en) * 1975-02-03 1977-03-08 The Bendix Corporation Fuel control system having an auxiliary circuit for correcting the signals generated by the pressure sensor during transient operating conditions
US4020802A (en) * 1974-03-21 1977-05-03 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine
US4121547A (en) * 1974-11-29 1978-10-24 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Closed loop air-fuel ratio control system for use with internal combustion engine
US4132195A (en) * 1976-07-17 1979-01-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for fuel mixture control
US4134367A (en) * 1977-05-26 1979-01-16 The United Sates Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electronic fuel injection control
US4472965A (en) * 1982-02-03 1984-09-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for preventing damage to a temperature-dependent resistor disposed in a flow cross-section caused by overheating and air flow rate measuring device for performing the method

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3456628A (en) * 1966-04-13 1969-07-22 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject High-speed fuel injection system
US3612009A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-10-12 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Fuel injection synchronizing system
US3636931A (en) * 1968-04-17 1972-01-25 Hitachi Ltd Fuel injection controlling system for internal combustion engine
US3645240A (en) * 1969-02-26 1972-02-29 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Electronic control system for internal combustion engine injectors
US3653365A (en) * 1969-03-10 1972-04-04 Procedes Moderness D Injection Electronic control system for the injectors of internal engines
US3660689A (en) * 1969-05-14 1972-05-02 Nippon Denso Co Timing signal generating system for internal combustion engines
US3683870A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-08-15 Petrol Injection Ltd Fuel injection systems

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3456628A (en) * 1966-04-13 1969-07-22 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject High-speed fuel injection system
US3636931A (en) * 1968-04-17 1972-01-25 Hitachi Ltd Fuel injection controlling system for internal combustion engine
US3612009A (en) * 1968-08-28 1971-10-12 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Fuel injection synchronizing system
US3645240A (en) * 1969-02-26 1972-02-29 Sopromi Soc Proc Modern Inject Electronic control system for internal combustion engine injectors
US3653365A (en) * 1969-03-10 1972-04-04 Procedes Moderness D Injection Electronic control system for the injectors of internal engines
US3660689A (en) * 1969-05-14 1972-05-02 Nippon Denso Co Timing signal generating system for internal combustion engines
US3683870A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-08-15 Petrol Injection Ltd Fuel injection systems

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4020802A (en) * 1974-03-21 1977-05-03 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine
US3986006A (en) * 1974-06-05 1976-10-12 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection controlling system for an internal combustion engine
US4121547A (en) * 1974-11-29 1978-10-24 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Closed loop air-fuel ratio control system for use with internal combustion engine
US4010717A (en) * 1975-02-03 1977-03-08 The Bendix Corporation Fuel control system having an auxiliary circuit for correcting the signals generated by the pressure sensor during transient operating conditions
US4132195A (en) * 1976-07-17 1979-01-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and apparatus for fuel mixture control
US4134367A (en) * 1977-05-26 1979-01-16 The United Sates Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Electronic fuel injection control
US4472965A (en) * 1982-02-03 1984-09-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for preventing damage to a temperature-dependent resistor disposed in a flow cross-section caused by overheating and air flow rate measuring device for performing the method

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