US3832369A - Esters of dialkylallyl alcohols - Google Patents
Esters of dialkylallyl alcohols Download PDFInfo
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- US3832369A US3832369A US00217957A US21795772A US3832369A US 3832369 A US3832369 A US 3832369A US 00217957 A US00217957 A US 00217957A US 21795772 A US21795772 A US 21795772A US 3832369 A US3832369 A US 3832369A
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- United States
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- grams
- compounds
- acid
- propyl
- aromas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000019568 aromas Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BUHGPTZACAIKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylhept-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC=C(CO)CCC BUHGPTZACAIKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- JSRFYJBJQPGAAA-VURMDHGXSA-N (z)-2-ethylhex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCC\C=C(\CC)CO JSRFYJBJQPGAAA-VURMDHGXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUSLRNLXBQWGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhex-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound CCCC=C(CC)COC(C)=O MUSLRNLXBQWGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GADNZGQWPNTMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylhept-2-enal Chemical compound CCCCC=C(C=O)CCC GADNZGQWPNTMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYLMCYQHBRSDND-SOFGYWHQSA-N (E)-2-ethyl-2-hexenal Chemical compound CCC\C=C(/CC)C=O PYLMCYQHBRSDND-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIKQYIINCNAGJW-OWBHPGMISA-N (z)-2-pentylnon-2-enal Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C(C=O)\CCCCC VIKQYIINCNAGJW-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGMPIZYNJGJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloct-2-enal Chemical compound CCCCCC=C(C=O)CCCC LYGMPIZYNJGJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOKHOJPVBMMDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylhept-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCC=C(CCC)COC(C)=O DOKHOJPVBMMDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005747 Carum carvi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000467 Carum carvi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000402754 Erythranthe moschata Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002505 Pogostemon cablin Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011751 Pogostemon cablin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000284012 Vetiveria zizanioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007769 Vetiveria zizanioides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035423 ethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012437 perfumed product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003424 phenylacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003279 phenylacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019565 spicy aroma Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/0007—Aliphatic compounds
- C11B9/0015—Aliphatic compounds containing oxygen as the only heteroatom
- C11B9/0019—Aliphatic compounds containing oxygen as the only heteroatom carbocylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/04—Formic acid esters
- C07C69/06—Formic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds
- C07C69/07—Formic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds of unsaturated alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/12—Acetic acid esters
- C07C69/14—Acetic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds
- C07C69/145—Acetic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds of unsaturated alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/22—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety
- C07C69/24—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety esterified with monohydroxylic compounds
Definitions
- esters of dialkylallyl alcohols characterized by the structural formula wherein R and R each represent a lower alkyl, and R represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl or lower alkenyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 'aryl, aralkyl or arylalkenyl are prepared by selective reduction of suitable acroleins followed by esterification.
- the compounds have very pleasant, strong and long lasting aromas and are useful as compounds in fragrance compositions.
- This invention relates to the art of fragrance compositions and, more particularly, to a novel class of compounds possessing a characteristic aroma. More specifically, this invention is directed to a novel class of useful compounds, their preparation and use of such compounds as fragrances.
- perfumery began, perhaps, in the ancient cave dwellings of prehistoric man. From its inception, and until comparatively recently, the perfumer has utilized natural perfume chemicals of animal and vegetable origin. Thus, natural perfume chemicals such as the essential oils, for example, oil of rose and oil of cloves, and animal secretions such as musk, have been manipulated by the perfnmer to achieve a variety of fragrances. In more recent years, however, research perfume chemists have developed a large number of synthetic odoriferous chemicals possessing aroma characteristics particularly desired in the art.
- the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new class of aroma chemicals consisting of esters of dialkylallyl alcohols.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific class of compounds having a characteristic aroma which are useful in the preparation of fragrances and fragrance compositions.
- R and R each represent a lower alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R represents hydrogen, a lower 3,8323% Patented Aug. 27, 1974 alkyl or lower alkenyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl or arylalkenyl.
- the compounds of this invention have very pleasant, strong and long lasting aromas and are useful as compounds in fragrance compositions.
- Representative lower alkyls characterized by R R and R in the above formula include methyl, ethyl, npropyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, terz-butyl, n-amyl, iamyl, tert-amyl, n-octyl and the like.
- the precusors of novel compounds of this invention are prepared by selective reduction of the acroleins characterized by the structural formula wherein R and R have the same meaning as defined hereinabove, to the corresponding alcohols which are then esterified in a known manner with organic acids characterized by the structural formula wherein R has the same meaning as defined hereinabove.
- the acroleins described above include compounds such as Z-methylpent-Z-en-l-al, 2-n-butyloct-2-en-l-al, 2- n amylnon-Z-en-l-al, 2-n-propyl-hept-2-en-l-al, and the like.
- organic acids described above include compounds such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, caprylic acid, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid and the like.
- novel compounds of this invention are useful in the preparation and formulation of fragrance compositions such as perfumes and perfumed products due to their pleasing, strong and long lasting aroma.
- perfume compositions and the use thereof in cosmetic, detergent and bar soap formulations and the like are exemplary of the utility thereof.
- the compounds of this invention are used in concentrations of from trace amounts up to about 50 percent of the perfume composition into which they are incorporated. As will be expected, the concentration will vary depending on the particular fragrance composition and even within the same composition when compounded by different perfumers.
- the dried ether solution was filtered and concentrated in a Rinco evaporator.
- the material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having green, cut stem and apple aromas.
- the resulting mixture was extracted three time with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution to remove any excess acid and was then washed once with a saturated sodium chloride solution.
- the benzene was then removed by a Rinco evaporator using vacuum at 98 C. and 3 mm. of mercury and 50.90 grams were recovered.
- the distilled product contained an acid overtone which was unacceptable so the product was redistilled under vacuum at 0.1 mm. of mercury through a warm meter packed column with a thermal watch and 85 reflux. This yielded 31.11 grams of product which had an 11 of 1.4407.
- the material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having light woody, greeny and fruity aromas.
- EXAMPLE 6 Z-n-propyl-Z-heptenyl cinnamate Following a procedure similar to Example 4, but utilizing cinnamic acid in place of the caprylic acid resulted in the formation of 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl cinnamate which had a melting point of 133 to 134 C.
- the material was submitted to a fragrance panel from aroma characterization and it was described as having waxy, sweet, almond and spicy aromas.
- EXAMPLE 8 2-ethyl-hex-2-en-1-ol To a 1 liter, S-necked flask equipped with a dropping funnel, stirring assembly and reflux condenser was added 4.94 grams (0.13 moles) of lithium aluminum hydride in 300 ml. of ether via the dropping funnel. To this mass was added 63.0 grams (0.5 moles) of 2-ethyl-hex-2-en-1- al in 100 ml. of ethylether over a period of time so as not to overload the condenser with ether. After the addition had been completed the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. At this time 4.4 grams (0.05 moles) of ethyl acetate was added to destroy any excess lithium aluminum hydride.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ESTERS OF DIALKYLALLLYL ALCOOHOLS CHARACTERIZED BY THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA
R1-CH2-CH=C(-R2)-CH2-O-CO-R3
WHEREIN R1 AND R2 EACH REPRESENT A LOWER ALKYL, AND R3 REPRESENTS HYDROGEN, A LOWER ALKYL OR LOWER ALKENYL OF FROM 1 TO 8 CARBON ATOMS, ARYL, ARALKYL OR ARYLALKENYL ARE PREPARED BY SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF SUITABLE ACROLEINS FOLLOWED BY ESTERIFICATION. THE COMPOUNDS HAVE VERY PLEASANT, STRONG AND LONG LASTING AROMAS AND ARE USEFUL AS COMPOUNDS IN FRAGRANCE COMPOSITIONS.
R1-CH2-CH=C(-R2)-CH2-O-CO-R3
WHEREIN R1 AND R2 EACH REPRESENT A LOWER ALKYL, AND R3 REPRESENTS HYDROGEN, A LOWER ALKYL OR LOWER ALKENYL OF FROM 1 TO 8 CARBON ATOMS, ARYL, ARALKYL OR ARYLALKENYL ARE PREPARED BY SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF SUITABLE ACROLEINS FOLLOWED BY ESTERIFICATION. THE COMPOUNDS HAVE VERY PLEASANT, STRONG AND LONG LASTING AROMAS AND ARE USEFUL AS COMPOUNDS IN FRAGRANCE COMPOSITIONS.
Description
United States Patent ice 3,832,369 ESTERS 0F DIALKYLALLYL ALCOHGLS Alfred A. Schleppnik, St. Louis, Mo., and John B. Wilson, Old Bridge, N.J., assignors to Monsanto Company, St. Louis, M0. N0 Drawing. Filed Jan. 14, 1972, Ser. No. 217,957 Int. Cl. C070 69/14, 69/24; Cllb 9/00 U.S. Cl. 260-410.9 N 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Esters of dialkylallyl alcohols characterized by the structural formula wherein R and R each represent a lower alkyl, and R represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl or lower alkenyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 'aryl, aralkyl or arylalkenyl are prepared by selective reduction of suitable acroleins followed by esterification. The compounds have very pleasant, strong and long lasting aromas and are useful as compounds in fragrance compositions.
This invention relates to the art of fragrance compositions and, more particularly, to a novel class of compounds possessing a characteristic aroma. More specifically, this invention is directed to a novel class of useful compounds, their preparation and use of such compounds as fragrances.
The art of perfumery began, perhaps, in the ancient cave dwellings of prehistoric man. From its inception, and until comparatively recently, the perfumer has utilized natural perfume chemicals of animal and vegetable origin. Thus, natural perfume chemicals such as the essential oils, for example, oil of rose and oil of cloves, and animal secretions such as musk, have been manipulated by the perfnmer to achieve a variety of fragrances. In more recent years, however, research perfume chemists have developed a large number of synthetic odoriferous chemicals possessing aroma characteristics particularly desired in the art. These synthetic aroma chemicals have added a new dimension to the ancient art of the perfumer, since the compounds prepared are usually of a stable chemical nature, are inexpensive as compared with the natural perfume chemicals and lend themselves more easily to manipulation than natural perfume chemicals since such natural perfume chemicals are usually a complex mixture of substances which defy chemical analysis. In contrast thereto, the synthetic aroma chemicals possess a known chemical structure and may therefore be manipulated by the perfumer to suit specific needs. Accordingly, there is a great need in the art of fragrance compositions for new compounds possessing specific characteristic aromas.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a new class of aroma chemicals consisting of esters of dialkylallyl alcohols.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific class of compounds having a characteristic aroma which are useful in the preparation of fragrances and fragrance compositions.
These and other objects, aspects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from a consideration of the accompanying specification and claims.
In accordance with the above objects, there is provided by the present invention a novel class of compounds characterized by the structural formula wherein R and R each represent a lower alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R represents hydrogen, a lower 3,8323% Patented Aug. 27, 1974 alkyl or lower alkenyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl or arylalkenyl.
The compounds of this invention have very pleasant, strong and long lasting aromas and are useful as compounds in fragrance compositions.
Representative lower alkyls characterized by R R and R in the above formula include methyl, ethyl, npropyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, terz-butyl, n-amyl, iamyl, tert-amyl, n-octyl and the like.
The precusors of novel compounds of this invention are prepared by selective reduction of the acroleins characterized by the structural formula wherein R and R have the same meaning as defined hereinabove, to the corresponding alcohols which are then esterified in a known manner with organic acids characterized by the structural formula wherein R has the same meaning as defined hereinabove.
The acroleins described above include compounds such as Z-methylpent-Z-en-l-al, 2-n-butyloct-2-en-l-al, 2- n amylnon-Z-en-l-al, 2-n-propyl-hept-2-en-l-al, and the like.
The organic acids described above include compounds such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, caprylic acid, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid and the like.
The novel compounds of this invention are useful in the preparation and formulation of fragrance compositions such as perfumes and perfumed products due to their pleasing, strong and long lasting aroma. Perfume compositions and the use thereof in cosmetic, detergent and bar soap formulations and the like are exemplary of the utility thereof.
The compounds of this invention are used in concentrations of from trace amounts up to about 50 percent of the perfume composition into which they are incorporated. As will be expected, the concentration will vary depending on the particular fragrance composition and even within the same composition when compounded by different perfumers.
The following examples will serve to illustrate certain specific embodiments within the scope of this invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
EXAMPLE 1 2-n-propyl-hept-2-enl-ol To a solution of 3.0 grams of lithium aluminum hydride in 200 ml. anhydrous ether was added, with stirring, a solution of 46.26 grams of 2-n-propyl-hept-2-en-l-al in 50 ml. ether at such a rate that the ether continually refluxed gently. After the addition was completed the mixture was heated to reflux for 20 minutes. GLC analysis then indicated that a small portion of the aldehyde has remained unchanged. To the reaction mass was added 0.3 grams of lithium aluminum hydride and refluxing was continued for 10 minutes after which time all of the aldehyde was consumed. Excess lithium aluminum hydride was removed with ethyl acetate. Water and HCI were added to wash the reaction product and the reaction mass was subject to distillation at 40 ml. at C. 47.17 grams of a colorless liquid was obtained. Boiling point 87 C./3.4 mm. Hg n =l.4559. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having waxy, butyric and nutty aromas.
3 EXAMPLE 2 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl acetate To a solution of 30.6 grams of acetic anhydride and 8.0 grams of pyridine, 15.6 grams of 2-n-propyl-hept-2- en-ol were added slowly. The resulting solution was maintained at room temperature for 15 hours. The solution was then poured into 250 ml. of ice and stirred occasionally until all the excess acetic anhydride had been hydrolyzed. A two phase system was formed which was extracted twice with 100 ml. of ether, an eighth solution was washed once with 100 ml. of a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by washing twice with 100 ml. of water with subsequent drying over sodium sulfate. The dried ether solution was filtered and concentrated in a Rinco evaporator. The reaction product was distilled through a short Vigreaux column at 105 C. and 10 mm. Hg to yield 16.9 grams of product having an n =1.4399. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having green, cut stem and apple aromas.
EXAMPLE 3 Z-n-propyl-Z-heptenyl propionate To a /2 liter, 3-necked flask was added 46.8 grams (0.3 moles) of 2-n-propyl-hept-2-en-l-ol, 31.2 rams (0.4 moles) of propionic acid and 0.1 grams of p-toluene sulfonic acid and 100 ml. of benzene. The resulting reaction mixture was refluxed and water was continuously removed by a Dean-Stark trap D-S. After 4 hours of refluxing, 5.4 ml. (0.3 moles) of water were collected and the reaction mass was allowed to cool. The resulting mixture was extracted three time with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution to remove any excess acid and was then washed once with a saturated sodium chloride solution. The benzene was then removed by a Rinco evaporator using vacuum at 98 C. and 3 mm. of mercury and 50.90 grams were recovered. The distilled product contained an acid overtone which was unacceptable so the product was redistilled under vacuum at 0.1 mm. of mercury through a warm meter packed column with a thermal watch and 85 reflux. This yielded 31.11 grams of product which had an 11 of 1.4407. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having light woody, greeny and fruity aromas.
EXAMPLE 4 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl caprylate To a half liter, 3-necked flask equipped with a stirring assembly, reflux condensor and Dean-Stark trap, was added 31.2 grams (0.20 moles) of 2-n-propyl-hept-2-en- 1-ol, 36.0 grams (0.25 moles) of caprylic acid and 0.1 grams of p-toluene sulfonic acid in 100 ml. of benzene. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 19 hours at which time 7.2 grams (0.05 moles) of caprylic acid were added to complete the reaction. Refluxing was continued until a total of 23% hours had elapsed and 7.2 grams (0.05 moles) of caprylic acid were added and 30 ml. of benzene were removed from the reaction mixture. The reflux temperature was raised from 85 C. to 110 C. The reaction mass was extracted four times to remove the excess acid. Two phases formed and the organic layer was placed in a Rinco evaporator and the benzene was removed yielding 67.4 grams of crude product. The product was distilled under vacuum at 123 C. and 0.55 ml. mercury yielding 24.68 grams of the product which has an 11 =1.4490. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having green, woody and waxy aromas.
EXAMPLE 2-n-propyl-2-hepteny1 phenylacetate Following a procedure similar to Example 4, but using phenylacetic acid in place of the caprylic acid resulted in 4 the formation of 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl phenylacctate which had an rz =1.4920. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having sweet, honey, greenish and floral aromas.
EXAMPLE 6 Z-n-propyl-Z-heptenyl cinnamate Following a procedure similar to Example 4, but utilizing cinnamic acid in place of the caprylic acid resulted in the formation of 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl cinnamate which had a melting point of 133 to 134 C. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel from aroma characterization and it was described as having waxy, sweet, almond and spicy aromas.
EXAMPLE 7 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl benzoate Following a procedure similar to Example 4 but utilizing benzoic acid in place of the caprylic acid resulted in the formation of 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl benzoate. The
material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having green, waxy and floral aromas.
EXAMPLE 8 2-ethyl-hex-2-en-1-ol To a 1 liter, S-necked flask equipped with a dropping funnel, stirring assembly and reflux condenser was added 4.94 grams (0.13 moles) of lithium aluminum hydride in 300 ml. of ether via the dropping funnel. To this mass was added 63.0 grams (0.5 moles) of 2-ethyl-hex-2-en-1- al in 100 ml. of ethylether over a period of time so as not to overload the condenser with ether. After the addition had been completed the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. At this time 4.4 grams (0.05 moles) of ethyl acetate was added to destroy any excess lithium aluminum hydride. The mixture was allowed to react for another hour and then ml. of H 0 were added together with vigorous stirring for 5 minutes. The ether phase was decanted off and the precipitate was dissolved in dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid. The acid solution was extracted twice with 50 ml. of ether. The ether solutions were combined and concentrated at one atmosphere until the pot temperature reached 50 C. The mixture was distilled twice at reduced pressure (54 C./2.0 ml. of mercury). First distillation yielded 5 fractions and the second which was a combination of the first four cuts of the first distillation yielded four fractions. Fractions 5-1 and 4-2 were combined resulting in 27.3 grams of the product which had an n =1.4491. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having green, woody, vetiver/patchouly and sweet aromas.
EXAMPLE 9 2-ethyl-2-hexenyl acetate Following a procedure similar to Example 2 but utilizing Z-ethyl-hex-Z-en-l-ol in place of 2-n-propyl-hept-2-enl-ol resulted in the formation of 2-ethyl-2-hexenyl acetate which had an n =1.4353. The material was submitted to a fragrance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having green, floral and woody aromas.
EXAMPLE 10 2-ethyl-2-hexenyl formate 23.1 grams (0.487 mole) of 97 percent formic acid was added to 49.4 grams (0.484 mole) of acetic anhydride over 7 minutes while holding the reaction temperature at 4550 C. and the mixture was stirred an additional hour. Then 56.3 grams (0.439 mole) of 2-ethylhex-2-en-1-ol, containing 5 percent of the saturated alcohol and 8 percent of an unidentified impurity, was added over 56 minutes while holding the temperature at 45-50 C. After one hour additional stirring there was 1.4 percent unreacted alcohol left. The reaction mixture was diluted with 50 ml. of benzene and washed in a separation funnel at 35-40 C. with 100 ml. portions of water (three times), saturated bicarbonate, water and brine. The organic layer Was refluxed two hours with 0.32 grams of boric acid. Distillation of the reaction mixture gave the main fraction boiling 942-1000 C./331 mm. of Hg, having a n =1.4363. The material was submitted to a fragance panel for aroma characterization and it was described as having woody, fresh, green, spicy, floral and caraway seed aromas.
While this invention has been described hereinabove with regard to certain illustrative specific embodiments, it is not so limited since many modifications and variatrons are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is understood therefore that the invention may be prac- 1 ticed otherwise than as specifically described without de- 5 3. 2-n-propyl-2-heptenyl caprylate. 4. 2-ethyl-2-hexenyl formate.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,079,429 2/ 1963 Chafetz 260-494 3,284,517 11/1966 Rylander et a1. 260-638 2,995,600 8/1961 Webb 260-488 2,921,089 1/1960 Hagemeyer et al. 260-475 OTHER REFERENCES Chemical Abstracts, vol. 29, 4504-51 (1935). Chemical Abstracts, vol. 54, 13780 (1960). Chemical Abstracts, vol. 62, 16036a (1965).
LEWIS GOTTS, Primary Examiner n. G. RlVERS, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
260-476 R, 486 R, 488 H, 638 B, 654 R; 252-522
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US4629586A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-12-16 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Hexynyl alkanoates and organoleptic uses thereof |
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