US3831607A - Electrocoagulation grasping forceps for tube sterilization by means of bipolar high frequency heat radiation - Google Patents

Electrocoagulation grasping forceps for tube sterilization by means of bipolar high frequency heat radiation Download PDF

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US3831607A
US3831607A US00339011A US33901173A US3831607A US 3831607 A US3831607 A US 3831607A US 00339011 A US00339011 A US 00339011A US 33901173 A US33901173 A US 33901173A US 3831607 A US3831607 A US 3831607A
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forceps
arms
high frequency
terminal parts
electromagnetic field
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H Lindemann
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery

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  • ABSTRACT The invention relates to a electrocoagulation grasping forceps for tube sterilization for the elimination of sick parts of the tissue by means of punctiform and section-taking heat radiation without damaging sound parts of the tissue.
  • the object of the invention is an electrocoagulation forceps for the elimination of sick parts of the tissue and for the sterilization'of the tube by means of high frequency heat radiation, the forceps being characterized by two rod-shaped arms which are constructed as electric conductors and insulated against each other and connected to each other at one side via a bow-like handle and arranged in a tubular shell consisting of insulating materials, each arm disposing of devices of connection to the pole ofa current source and the free ends of the arms being constructed as jaw-shaped and insulated grip-sections, the end sections lying opposite each other being free from insulations.
  • the drawing shows the object of the invention as an example.
  • No. shows a coagulation grasping forceps consisting of two rod shaped arms ll, 12 which are connected to each other at one side via a bow-like handle 13.
  • the forceps arms ll, 12 which are composed of insulated electric conductors are arranged in a tubular shell 14 consisting of insulating materials, the free arms of the forceps together with the bow-like handle 13 protruding from one end of the tubular shell, whereas the other two ends of the forceps which protrude from the other end of the tubular shell have also insulated and jawshaped grip sections l5, 16 the end sections 15a, 16a of which lying opposite each other being reinforced and free from insulations.
  • the two arms 11, 12 of the forceps are insulated against each other in the handle 13 at No. 17.
  • the two arms ll, 12 dispose of devices given at 18 and 19 for the connection of cables which are connected to a.current source so that arm 11 forms the pole and arm 12 the pole.
  • the grip sections l5, 16 are, only towards the outside, provided with an insulating layer shown at 20, 21 so that the heat radiation can only become effective in the space enclosed by the grip sections l5, 16.
  • the special advantage of the coagulation forceps lies in the fact that only that part of the tissue which has to be eliminated is seized and exposed to heat radiation, whereas the other part of the tissue cannot be destroyed or damaged.
  • the grip sections have only an external insulation, only the part of the tissue lying in the interior of the closed grip sections l5, 16 is exposed to heat radiation.
  • An electro-coagulation gripping forceps comprising two arms and a jaw formed by oppositely disposed terminal parts on said arms, for utero-tube sterilization with the aid of a high frequency electromagnetic field generated between said parts by heating and destroying a tissue portion lying between said parts, said forceps comprising gripping segments on said arms including said terminal parts, and an insulating layer disposed on the external surfaces of said gripping segments terminating short of, for exposing, said terminal parts of said gripping segments, whereby the intensity of said high frequency electromagnetic field is substantially localized near said terminal parts.
  • An electro-coagulation forceps for utero-tube sterilization with the aid of a high frequency electromagnetic field comprising two electrically conductive arms electrically insulated from each other, and including claw-like developed gripping segments at one end of said forceps, said segments including opposite terminal parts defining a jaw, a bow-like handle formed at the other end of said fbrceps mechanically connecting said arms, connecting means for electrically connecting said arms to an electrical generator for producing the high frequency electromagnetic field at said jaw, a tubular insulating shell through which said arms pass for manual insulated support of said forceps and an insulating layer disposed on the: external surfaces of said gripping segments terminating short of, for expos ing, said terminal parts of said gripping segments, whereby the intensity of said high frequency electromagnetic field is substantially localized near said terminal parts.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a electrocoagulation grasping forceps for tube sterilization for the elimination of sick parts of the tissue by means of punctiform and section-taking heat radiation without damaging sound parts of the tissue.

Description

United States Patent 1191 1 3,831,607 Lindemann Aug. 27, 1974 [5 ELECTROCOAGULATION GRASPING FORCEPS FOR TUBE STERILIZATION BY MEANS OF BIPOLAR HIGH FREQUENCY HEAT RADIATION Inventor: Hans-Joachim Lindemann, Kleiner SchaferKamp 43, Hamburg, Germany Filed: Mar. 7, 1973 Appl. No.: 339,011
Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 10, 1972 Germany 7305040 US. Cl. l28/303.l7, 128/406 Int. Cl. A61b 17/36, A6ln 3/04 Field of Search l28/303.17, 404, 405, 406,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,908,201 5/1933 Welch et a1 128/30317 1,983,669 12/1903 Kimble 128/3031? 2,100,116 11/1937 Webb 128/30317 3,163,165 12/1906 Humio lsikawa 128/303.17
Primary Examiner-Channing L. Pace Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Emest F. Marmorek [57] ABSTRACT The invention relates to a electrocoagulation grasping forceps for tube sterilization for the elimination of sick parts of the tissue by means of punctiform and section-taking heat radiation without damaging sound parts of the tissue.
2 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure ELECTROCOAGULATION GRASPING FORCEPS FOR TUBE STERILIZATION BY MEANS OF BIPOLAR HIGH FREQUENCY HEAT RADIATION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is an electrocoagulation forceps for the elimination of sick parts of the tissue and for the sterilization'of the tube by means of high frequency heat radiation, the forceps being characterized by two rod-shaped arms which are constructed as electric conductors and insulated against each other and connected to each other at one side via a bow-like handle and arranged in a tubular shell consisting of insulating materials, each arm disposing of devices of connection to the pole ofa current source and the free ends of the arms being constructed as jaw-shaped and insulated grip-sections, the end sections lying opposite each other being free from insulations.
The drawing shows the object of the invention as an example.
No. shows a coagulation grasping forceps consisting of two rod shaped arms ll, 12 which are connected to each other at one side via a bow-like handle 13. The forceps arms ll, 12 which are composed of insulated electric conductors are arranged in a tubular shell 14 consisting of insulating materials, the free arms of the forceps together with the bow-like handle 13 protruding from one end of the tubular shell, whereas the other two ends of the forceps which protrude from the other end of the tubular shell have also insulated and jawshaped grip sections l5, 16 the end sections 15a, 16a of which lying opposite each other being reinforced and free from insulations. The two arms 11, 12 of the forceps are insulated against each other in the handle 13 at No. 17. Furthermore, the two arms ll, 12 dispose of devices given at 18 and 19 for the connection of cables which are connected to a.current source so that arm 11 forms the pole and arm 12 the pole.
According to a further feature of the invention the grip sections l5, 16 are, only towards the outside, provided with an insulating layer shown at 20, 21 so that the heat radiation can only become effective in the space enclosed by the grip sections l5, 16.
After the part ofthe tissue which has to be eliminated is seized by means of the free end pieces 15a, 16a of the grip sections l5, l6, forceps 10 is connected to a current source and heat is produced because of the resistance existing between the two end pieces 15a, 16a, said heat being used for destroying the tissue part which has to be eliminated. There is, however, also the possibility to produce the free end pieces 15a, 16a out of current-carrying material of high resistance so that a joulean heat required for the elimination of the tissue partscan be produced. Apart from a bipolar current supply there is also the possibility to use the forceps itself as one of the two current-carrying conductors, whereas the human body is the other pole.
The special advantage of the coagulation forceps lies in the fact that only that part of the tissue which has to be eliminated is seized and exposed to heat radiation, whereas the other part of the tissue cannot be destroyed or damaged. By the fact that the grip sections have only an external insulation, only the part of the tissue lying in the interior of the closed grip sections l5, 16 is exposed to heat radiation.
I claim:
1. An electro-coagulation gripping forceps comprising two arms and a jaw formed by oppositely disposed terminal parts on said arms, for utero-tube sterilization with the aid of a high frequency electromagnetic field generated between said parts by heating and destroying a tissue portion lying between said parts, said forceps comprising gripping segments on said arms including said terminal parts, and an insulating layer disposed on the external surfaces of said gripping segments terminating short of, for exposing, said terminal parts of said gripping segments, whereby the intensity of said high frequency electromagnetic field is substantially localized near said terminal parts.
2. An electro-coagulation forceps for utero-tube sterilization with the aid of a high frequency electromagnetic field, said forceps comprising two electrically conductive arms electrically insulated from each other, and including claw-like developed gripping segments at one end of said forceps, said segments including opposite terminal parts defining a jaw, a bow-like handle formed at the other end of said fbrceps mechanically connecting said arms, connecting means for electrically connecting said arms to an electrical generator for producing the high frequency electromagnetic field at said jaw, a tubular insulating shell through which said arms pass for manual insulated support of said forceps and an insulating layer disposed on the: external surfaces of said gripping segments terminating short of, for expos ing, said terminal parts of said gripping segments, whereby the intensity of said high frequency electromagnetic field is substantially localized near said terminal parts.

Claims (2)

1. An electro-coagulation gripping forceps comprising two arms and a jaw formed by oppositely disposed terminal parts on said arms, for utero-tube sterilization with the aid of a high frequency electromagnetic field generated between said parts by heating and destroying a tissue portion lying between said parts, said forceps comprising gripping segments on said arms including said terminal parts, and an insulating layer disposed on the external surfaces of said gripping segments terminating short of, for exposing, said terminal parts of said gripping segments, whereby the intensity of said high frequency electromagnetic field is substantially localized near said terminal parts.
2. An electro-coagulation forceps for utero-tube sterilization with the aid of a high frequency electromagnetic field, said forceps comprising two electrically conductive arms electrically insulated from each other, and including claw-like developed gripping segments at one end of said forceps, said segments including opposite terminal parts defining a jaw, a bow-like handle formed at the other end of said forceps mechanically connecting said arms, connecting means for electrically connecting said arms to an electrical generator for producing the high frequency electromagnetic field at said jaw, a tubular insulating shell through which said arms pass for manual insulated support of said forceps and an insulating layer disposed on the external surfaces of said gripping segments terminating short of, for exposing, said terminal parts of said gripping segments, whereby the intensity of said high frequency electromagnetic field is substantially localized near said terminal parts.
US00339011A 1973-02-10 1973-03-07 Electrocoagulation grasping forceps for tube sterilization by means of bipolar high frequency heat radiation Expired - Lifetime US3831607A (en)

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DE19737305040U DE7305040U (en) 1973-02-10 1973-02-10 ELECTROCOAGULATION FORCEPS FOR TUBE STERILIZATION USING BIPOLAR HIGH-FREQUENCY HEAT RADIATION

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AT (1) AT329739B (en)
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DE (2) DE7305040U (en)
FR (1) FR2221113B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1428238A (en)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938527A (en) * 1973-07-04 1976-02-17 Centre De Recherche Industrielle De Quebec Instrument for laparoscopic tubal cauterization
US3982542A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-09-28 Ford John L Electroresectroscope and method of laparoscopic tubal sterilization
US4003380A (en) * 1974-09-05 1977-01-18 F.L. Fisher Bipolar coagulation instrument
US4005714A (en) * 1975-05-03 1977-02-01 Richard Wolf Gmbh Bipolar coagulation forceps
US4011872A (en) * 1974-04-01 1977-03-15 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrical apparatus for treating affected part in a coeloma
US4174713A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-11-20 Mehl Thomas L Device for permanent removal of hair
US4174714A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-11-20 Mehl Thomas L Method for permanent removal of hair
US4315510A (en) * 1979-05-16 1982-02-16 Cooper Medical Devices Corporation Method of performing male sterilization
US4655216A (en) * 1985-07-23 1987-04-07 Alfred Tischer Combination instrument for laparoscopical tube sterilization
US5169398A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-12-08 Glaros Nicholas G Electronic hair remover
WO1995031938A1 (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-30 Microsurgical Equipment Ltd. Tissue connecting apparatus
US5843080A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-12-01 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Bipolar instrument with multi-coated electrodes
US6193672B1 (en) 1993-05-11 2001-02-27 Mectra Labs, Inc. Lavage
US20020111636A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2002-08-15 Fleischman Sidney D. Devices for installing stasis reducing means in body tissue
US6692491B1 (en) * 2000-03-24 2004-02-17 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Surgical methods and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic or therapeutic element around one or more pulmonary veins or other body structures
US6926712B2 (en) 2000-03-24 2005-08-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Clamp having at least one malleable clamp member and surgical method employing the same
US6932816B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2005-08-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Apparatus for converting a clamp into an electrophysiology device
US6976986B2 (en) 2000-04-12 2005-12-20 Afx, Inc. Electrode arrangement for use in a medical instrument
US7033352B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2006-04-25 Afx, Inc. Flexible ablation instrument
US7052491B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2006-05-30 Afx, Inc. Vacuum-assisted securing apparatus for a microwave ablation instrument
US7099717B2 (en) 2002-01-03 2006-08-29 Afx Inc. Catheter having improved steering
US7192427B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2007-03-20 Afx, Inc. Apparatus and method for assessing transmurality of a tissue ablation
US7226446B1 (en) 1999-05-04 2007-06-05 Dinesh Mody Surgical microwave ablation assembly
US7303560B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2007-12-04 Afx, Inc. Method of positioning a medical instrument
US7346399B2 (en) 1999-05-28 2008-03-18 Afx, Inc. Monopole tip for ablation catheter
US7727231B2 (en) 2005-01-08 2010-06-01 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Apparatus and methods for forming lesions in tissue and applying stimulation energy to tissue in which lesions are formed
US7753908B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2010-07-13 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Apparatus for securing an electrophysiology probe to a clamp
US7785324B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2010-08-31 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Clamp based lesion formation apparatus and methods configured to protect non-target tissue
US20110077672A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2011-03-31 Fleischman Sidney D Devices For Installing Stasis Reducing Means In Body Tissue
US8002770B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2011-08-23 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Clamp based methods and apparatus for forming lesions in tissue and confirming whether a therapeutic lesion has been formed

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1908201A (en) * 1931-03-09 1933-05-09 Morton G Welch Bipolar tonsil forceps
US1983669A (en) * 1933-04-19 1934-12-11 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Electrode
US2100116A (en) * 1935-09-05 1937-11-23 Webb George Farrell Method and apparatus for treating pyorrhea
US3163165A (en) * 1960-09-12 1964-12-29 Islkawa Humio Uterotube-closing instrument

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR598149A (en) * 1925-05-08 1925-12-07 bipolar electrodes for electrocoagulation
FR1536272A (en) * 1967-06-06 1968-08-16 S M A Segnalamento Marittimo E Coagulation device for high-frequency cauterization, using hemostats

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1908201A (en) * 1931-03-09 1933-05-09 Morton G Welch Bipolar tonsil forceps
US1983669A (en) * 1933-04-19 1934-12-11 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Electrode
US2100116A (en) * 1935-09-05 1937-11-23 Webb George Farrell Method and apparatus for treating pyorrhea
US3163165A (en) * 1960-09-12 1964-12-29 Islkawa Humio Uterotube-closing instrument

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938527A (en) * 1973-07-04 1976-02-17 Centre De Recherche Industrielle De Quebec Instrument for laparoscopic tubal cauterization
US4011872A (en) * 1974-04-01 1977-03-15 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Electrical apparatus for treating affected part in a coeloma
US4003380A (en) * 1974-09-05 1977-01-18 F.L. Fisher Bipolar coagulation instrument
US3982542A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-09-28 Ford John L Electroresectroscope and method of laparoscopic tubal sterilization
US4005714A (en) * 1975-05-03 1977-02-01 Richard Wolf Gmbh Bipolar coagulation forceps
US4174714A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-11-20 Mehl Thomas L Method for permanent removal of hair
US4174713A (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-11-20 Mehl Thomas L Device for permanent removal of hair
US4315510A (en) * 1979-05-16 1982-02-16 Cooper Medical Devices Corporation Method of performing male sterilization
US4597379A (en) * 1979-05-16 1986-07-01 Cabot Medical Corporation Method of coagulating muscle tissue
US4655216A (en) * 1985-07-23 1987-04-07 Alfred Tischer Combination instrument for laparoscopical tube sterilization
US5169398A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-12-08 Glaros Nicholas G Electronic hair remover
US5376088A (en) * 1990-09-21 1994-12-27 Glaros; Nicholas G. Electronic hair remover
US6193672B1 (en) 1993-05-11 2001-02-27 Mectra Labs, Inc. Lavage
WO1995031938A1 (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-30 Microsurgical Equipment Ltd. Tissue connecting apparatus
US20080097488A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2008-04-24 Fleischman Sidney D Device For Installing Stasis Reducing Means In Body Tissue
US20020111636A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2002-08-15 Fleischman Sidney D. Devices for installing stasis reducing means in body tissue
US20110077672A1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2011-03-31 Fleischman Sidney D Devices For Installing Stasis Reducing Means In Body Tissue
US6830576B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-12-14 Ep Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for electrically isolating a portion of the atria
US7857822B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2010-12-28 Ep Technologies, Inc. Device for installing stasis reducing means in body tissue
US7297144B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2007-11-20 Ep Technologies, Inc. Methods for electrically isolating a portion of the atria
US5843080A (en) * 1996-10-16 1998-12-01 Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. Bipolar instrument with multi-coated electrodes
US7052491B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2006-05-30 Afx, Inc. Vacuum-assisted securing apparatus for a microwave ablation instrument
US7115126B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2006-10-03 Afx Inc. Directional microwave ablation instrument with off-set energy delivery portion
US7387627B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2008-06-17 Maquet Cardiovascular Llc Vacuum-assisted securing apparatus for a microwave ablation instrument
US7226446B1 (en) 1999-05-04 2007-06-05 Dinesh Mody Surgical microwave ablation assembly
US7346399B2 (en) 1999-05-28 2008-03-18 Afx, Inc. Monopole tip for ablation catheter
US7033352B1 (en) 2000-01-18 2006-04-25 Afx, Inc. Flexible ablation instrument
US7301131B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2007-11-27 Afx, Inc. Microwave ablation instrument with flexible antenna assembly and method
US6692491B1 (en) * 2000-03-24 2004-02-17 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Surgical methods and apparatus for positioning a diagnostic or therapeutic element around one or more pulmonary veins or other body structures
US6926712B2 (en) 2000-03-24 2005-08-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Clamp having at least one malleable clamp member and surgical method employing the same
US7156841B2 (en) 2000-04-12 2007-01-02 Afx, Inc. Electrode arrangement for use in a medical instrument
US6976986B2 (en) 2000-04-12 2005-12-20 Afx, Inc. Electrode arrangement for use in a medical instrument
US7303560B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2007-12-04 Afx, Inc. Method of positioning a medical instrument
US7099717B2 (en) 2002-01-03 2006-08-29 Afx Inc. Catheter having improved steering
US9370395B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2016-06-21 Atricure, Inc. Ablation clamp with malleable jaws
US8241277B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2012-08-14 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Apparatus for securing an electrophysiology probe to a clamp
US6932816B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2005-08-23 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Apparatus for converting a clamp into an electrophysiology device
US7753908B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2010-07-13 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Apparatus for securing an electrophysiology probe to a clamp
US8585701B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2013-11-19 Estech, Inc. (Endoscopic Technologies, Inc.) Apparatus for securing an electrophysiology probe to a clamp
US7422591B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2008-09-09 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Apparatus for converting a clamp into an electrophysiology device
US7192427B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2007-03-20 Afx, Inc. Apparatus and method for assessing transmurality of a tissue ablation
US20050215993A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-09-29 Phan Huy D Apparatus for converting a clamp into an electrophysiology device
US8002770B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2011-08-23 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Clamp based methods and apparatus for forming lesions in tissue and confirming whether a therapeutic lesion has been formed
US8409198B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2013-04-02 Estech, Inc. (Endoscopic Technologies, Inc.) Clamp based methods and apparatus for forming lesions in tissue and confirming whether a therapeutic lesion has been formed
US9398932B2 (en) 2003-12-02 2016-07-26 Atricure, Inc. Clamp based methods and apparatus for forming lesions in tissue and confirming whether a therapeutic lesion has been formed
US7727231B2 (en) 2005-01-08 2010-06-01 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Apparatus and methods for forming lesions in tissue and applying stimulation energy to tissue in which lesions are formed
US7785324B2 (en) 2005-02-25 2010-08-31 Endoscopic Technologies, Inc. (Estech) Clamp based lesion formation apparatus and methods configured to protect non-target tissue

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Publication number Publication date
DE2322193B2 (en) 1976-02-19
FR2221113B1 (en) 1975-08-22
DE7305040U (en) 1973-06-20
CH551202A (en) 1974-07-15
DE2322193A1 (en) 1974-11-21
FR2221113A1 (en) 1974-10-11
ATA186373A (en) 1975-08-15
GB1428238A (en) 1976-03-17
AT329739B (en) 1976-05-25

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