US3831053A - Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen - Google Patents

Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen Download PDF

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Publication number
US3831053A
US3831053A US00374787A US37478773A US3831053A US 3831053 A US3831053 A US 3831053A US 00374787 A US00374787 A US 00374787A US 37478773 A US37478773 A US 37478773A US 3831053 A US3831053 A US 3831053A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
chlorine
seconds
lamp
time
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00374787A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Holcomb
W Young
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US00374787A priority Critical patent/US3831053A/en
Priority to GB1932274A priority patent/GB1464472A/en
Priority to JP49050324A priority patent/JPS5022480A/ja
Priority to CA203,235A priority patent/CA964322A/en
Priority to DE2430695A priority patent/DE2430695C3/de
Priority to BE145987A priority patent/BE816980A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3831053A publication Critical patent/US3831053A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K7/00—Lamps for purposes other than general lighting

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A differential output incandescent lamp of the pulled turn coil type, having an on-off duty cycle, contains [52] U.S. Cl 313/222, 313/174, 313/179, Chlorine a d hydrogen to establish a halogen regener- 313/316 ative cycle.
  • the amount of chlorine varies between [51] Illt. Cl. H01k 5/02 36X10-4 and 5 1 1 7 grams atoms/cc, d h
  • Fleld of Search 313/174, 179, 222 amount f hydrogen varies between 1 to 4.0X10-7 gram atoms/cc.
  • halogens such as iodine, Fridrich et al, U.S. Pat. No. 2,883,571, bromine and chlorine, TJampens et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,418,512, combine with the tungsten on the bulb wall to form compounds such as tungsten iodide and tungsten bromide which dissociate at the filament into free halogen and tungsten with the tungsten being redeposited on the filament.
  • This type of tungsten-halogen cycle or reaction occurs at certain bulb wall temperatures. If the halogen gas is more reactive, such as chlorine, the bulb wall temperature required for the reaction is less than that of iodine. It was also believed that the more reactive gas would corrode lamp parts, and therefore, hydrogen should be added to the fill gas to combine with the free halogens.
  • Iodine has been tried in some differential output lamps and was relatively inactive in preventing bulb wall blackening over the lighted area due to vaporized tungsten deposits and the forming of tungsten-iodine deposits in the cooler non-lighted areas of the bulb wall. Bromine has also been tried and, although an improvement over iodine, deposits still formed in the cool areas and interfere with the light output from the filament.
  • Chlorine and hydrogen have been used in differential output lamps as is described in West German Pat. No. 1,948,481.
  • the ratio of hydrogen to chlorine must always be greater than 1.25 and can be as great as 2.50. It is believed that the regenerative halogen cycle would not work with these ratios presumably because this amount of excess hydrogen ties up a SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the invention to make an effective differential output regenerative cycle lamp.
  • a further object of the invention is to make a differential output lamp in which wall deposits are minimized or are of such a nature and so located that they absorb a minimum amount of light.
  • Still another object of the invention is to be able to fill the lamp with a chlorine compound which is readily controllable and easy to handle in the manufacturing process.
  • the objects of the invention are accomplished through the use of chlorine and hydrogen as part of the great amount of chlorine and forms I-ICl thereby leavv ing an insufficient amount of chlorine to act as a regenerative cycle agent.
  • Other chlorine-hydrogen combinations such as claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,772 are inadequate because the amount of chlorine, 2.0 l0 7 fill gas for the differential output lamp. It has been found that a fill gas containing between 3.6 l0 and 5.1 l0' gram atoms/cc of bulb volume of chlorine and between 1.8 to 4.0 1O' gram atoms/cc of bulb volume of hydrogen with the ratio of hydrogen to chlorine varying in the range between 0.352 and 1.11 will yield an improved regenerative lamp.
  • the amount of chlorine and hydrogen indicated are effective for lamps with duty cycles having an off time of between 0 and 28 seconds.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of the lamp of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section view of a portion of the lamp shown in FIG. 1.
  • a differential output incandescent lamp 10 shown therein comprises an envelope ll of light-transmitting glass or quartz, a differential output filament l2, foils 13 and outer leads 14.
  • the foils 13 are hermetically sealed at either end in pinch seal 15.
  • Lamp 10 is exhausted and filled with a fill gas containing small portions of hydrogen, chlorine and inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. After the lamp has been filled, the exhaust tube is tipped off. The tipped-off residue of the exhuast tube is shown at 16.
  • Differential output lamps of the invention can have numerous types of filament configurations which give more light or radiant energy at the ends than at the middle of the lamp.
  • filament 12 has coiled portion 17 and pulled turn sections 18.
  • Supports l9 prevent sagging of coiled section 17 and support pulled turn sections 18.
  • pulled turn section 18 is merely one or more drawn turns of what was once a coiled section.
  • other filament configurations using longer or shorter coiled segments and longer or shorter pulled turn segments can be used with the fill gas mixtures of the invention. Pulled turn sections 18 will conduct current,
  • Differential output lamps of the prior art first used iodine to prevent envelope blackening caused by tungsten deposits on the bulb wall. Because of the temperature required for iodine and tungsten to react and in the inability of certain lamp types to attain and maintain this temperature, the area of the bulb wall 20 across from the lighted coiled portion 17 would blacken. This accumulation of tungsten would decrease the useful life of the lamp. The blackening of this type of iodine lamp is most prevalent in lamps having a long off cycle.
  • Lamps were then filled with bromine since the bromine-tungsten reaction temperature is less than that required for iodine and tungsten.
  • bromine lamps were an improvement over iodine lamps, various yellow-red deposits of what is believed to be tungsten oxybromide formed at the ends of pulled turn sections 18 as shown at 21.
  • the yellow-red deposits decrease with increasing distance from the end of pulled trun section 18 to the center as shown at 22.
  • the deposits being again in the same tapered fashion as the opposite end of pulled turn section 18 is approached. Any attempt to reduce the'bromine level and, in turn, the tungsten oxybromide formation results in tungsten deposits formed across from the coiled portion 17.
  • the hydrogen-to-chlorine ratio should be 1.11 or less but equal to or greater than 0.352. Because pulled turn section 18 generates some heat, it was found that more hydrogen should be used, more hydrogen by comparison to a lamp which has short-circuited segments. Additionally, the corrosive effect on lamp parts of free chlorine at these hydrogen levels was greatly retarded.
  • the duration of off time of the on-off duty cycle was found to be an important factor. This is so because the bulb wall of a lamp which, for example, is off 25 seconds will be at a lower temperature than one which is off for five seconds.
  • the amount of chlorine necessary for a lamp with an off time of between and 28 seconds is between 3.6X" and 5. 1X10 gram atoms/cc of bulb volume.
  • the amount of hydrogen can vary from 1.8 to
  • the lamp of the invention is an improvement over lamps of the prior art in two ways. First, there are no deposits on the bulb wall across from the lighted coiled section 17 as shown in FIG. 2 at 20. This probably is due to the fact that the bulb wall 7 at 20 is in excess of approximately l40".
  • chlorine may be added to the lamp as an element or compound
  • the preferred form is as carbon tetrachloride, CC1
  • CC1 carbon tetrachloride
  • a halogen regenerative cycle incandescent lamp of the differential output pulled turn type having a duty cycle with an off time within the range from 0 to 28 seconds, comprising an elongated tubular envelope, a filament of the differential output pulled turn type extending axially of said envelope, current supply conductors connected to respective ends of said filament and hermetically sealed in said envelope, a filling in said envelope of an inert fill gas, a quantity of hydrogen and a quantity of chlorine, the improvement which comprises a selection of gases wherein the chlorine is present in the range of about 2.6 l0' gram atoms/cc to 5.1 l0 gram atoms/cc, the hydrogen is present in the range of about 1.8 to 4.0X10" gram atoms/cc and the ratio of hydrogen to chlorine varies from approximately 0.352 to 1.11.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
US00374787A 1973-06-28 1973-06-28 Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen Expired - Lifetime US3831053A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00374787A US3831053A (en) 1973-06-28 1973-06-28 Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen
GB1932274A GB1464472A (en) 1973-06-28 1974-05-02 Differential output lamps
JP49050324A JPS5022480A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-28 1974-05-08
CA203,235A CA964322A (en) 1973-06-28 1974-06-24 Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen
DE2430695A DE2430695C3 (de) 1973-06-28 1974-06-26 Halogenglühlampe mit diff erenter Leistungsgabe
BE145987A BE816980A (fr) 1973-06-28 1974-06-27 Lampe a incandescence a emission non uniforme contenant du chlore et de l'hydrogene

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00374787A US3831053A (en) 1973-06-28 1973-06-28 Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3831053A true US3831053A (en) 1974-08-20

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US00374787A Expired - Lifetime US3831053A (en) 1973-06-28 1973-06-28 Differential output lamp containing chlorine and hydrogen

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3831053A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5022480A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE816980A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA964322A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2430695C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1464472A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940650A (en) * 1974-03-25 1976-02-24 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp
DE2712191A1 (de) * 1976-04-14 1977-10-27 Gte Sylvania Inc Wolfram-halogengluehlampe
US4543472A (en) * 1982-11-03 1985-09-24 Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Plane light source unit and radiant heating furnace including same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57101337A (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-06-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Incandescent bulb filled with halogen

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3644772A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-02-22 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen lamp

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6407446A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1964-07-01 1966-01-03

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3644772A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-02-22 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen lamp

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3940650A (en) * 1974-03-25 1976-02-24 U.S. Philips Corporation Electric incandescent lamp
DE2712191A1 (de) * 1976-04-14 1977-10-27 Gte Sylvania Inc Wolfram-halogengluehlampe
US4543472A (en) * 1982-11-03 1985-09-24 Ushio Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Plane light source unit and radiant heating furnace including same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2430695C3 (de) 1979-05-31
BE816980A (fr) 1974-10-16
GB1464472A (en) 1977-02-16
DE2430695A1 (de) 1975-01-16
DE2430695B2 (de) 1978-09-28
CA964322A (en) 1975-03-11
JPS5022480A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-10

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