US3830157A - Cartridge case - Google Patents

Cartridge case Download PDF

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Publication number
US3830157A
US3830157A US00302455A US30245572A US3830157A US 3830157 A US3830157 A US 3830157A US 00302455 A US00302455 A US 00302455A US 30245572 A US30245572 A US 30245572A US 3830157 A US3830157 A US 3830157A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
case
crack
cartridge case
hot gases
coating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00302455A
Inventor
R Donnard
M Rosenbaum
A Gallaccio
F Pealstein
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US Department of Army
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US Department of Army
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Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Army filed Critical US Department of Army
Priority to US00302455A priority Critical patent/US3830157A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3830157A publication Critical patent/US3830157A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/28—Cartridge cases of metal, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of metal
    • F42B5/295—Cartridge cases of metal, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of metal coated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cartridge cases, and more particularly to ammunition cartridge cases of aluminum alloy material.
  • the flaws of interest to this invention consist of small faults that are either in the case wall structure as manufactured or are other forms of defects in the material that can lead to cracks in the case wall structure when the ammunition is fired.
  • the fissure or crack particularly at the region of the case just forward of the extractor groove, can be severely eroded by escaping hot gases. This condition is most serious with light-weight metal cartridge cases such as aluminum alloys where there is damage to the weapon bolt face, chamber, moving parts and sliding surfaces which usually make the weapon inoperable. More seriously there is the high probability that the escaping high velocity hot propellant gases can seriously injure the weapon operator.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a cartridge case in which the coating reacts with hot gases adjacent a crack and insulates the case surfaces at the crack, reduces the temperature of the gas escaping through the crack by appreciable energy absorption, by the vaporization of the coating and by the injection of coating vapor into the propellant gas boundary layer which effectively prevents a large fraction of heat from reaching the cracked surface.
  • FIGURE is a longitudinal sectional view of a cartridge case embodying the principles of the invention.
  • the ammunition round shown generally at 10, comprises an aluminum alloy cartridge case 11 having a primer assembly 12, propellant charge 14 and a fluid communicating vent hole 13 provided in the central portion of the cartridge case base 15.
  • An appropriate projectile 16 is secured in the reduced mouth portion 17 of the cartridge case sidewall 18.
  • the major portion of the cartridge case internal surface, from the vent hole to substantially the case mouth, is provided with a thin protective coating 19, the minimum thickness being approximately 0.008 inch, that will provide ablative, insulating, reflective and endothermic characteristics to eliminate or minimize erosive damage to the case particularly at an area where a crack might occur.
  • the coating consists of a base matrix which has synthetic and natural resins and several reactive additives, particularly an endothermic reactant selected from a group of organic phosphates and inorganic carbonates that includes alkyd or aryl phosphate and hydrated sodium carbonate.
  • the preferred coating has the following constituents with the designated weight percentages:
  • Endothermic additive, alkyd phosphate has reflective and insulating characteristics, as does the titanium dioxide.
  • the toluene and xylene are solvents which evaporate upon drying.
  • a cartridge case having an aluminum alloy base and sidewall construction, said base having a primer cavity in fluid communication with a propellant chamber defined by the internal surface portions of said case,
  • said coating consisting of alkyd phosphate, chlorinated paraffin, dipentaerythritol, melamine, chlorinated polypropylene, synthetic styrenated rubber, titanium dioxide, toluene, and xylene,

Abstract

An aluminum alloy cartridge case having a thin coating lining a substantial portion of the case internal surface to minimize operative erosion damage to the case material by hot gases escaping, should the case develop a crack when the round is fired. The coating consists of synthetic and natural resins and an additive which serve to endothermically cool the high velocity hot gases escaping through the crack.

Description

titted States atent 1 Donnard et a1.
[4 1 Aug. 20, 19741 CARTRIDGE CASE [75] Inventors: Reed E. Donnard, Huntingdon Valley; Marvin Rosenbaum, Philadelphia; Anthony Gallaccio, Havertown; Fred Pealstein, Philadelphia, all of Pa.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army, Washington, DC.
22 Filed: Oct. 31, 1972 211 App]. No.: 302,455
[52] U.S. Cl 102/43, 102/43 P [51] Int. Cl. F42b 5/26 [58] Field of Search 102/43, 43 P, DlG. 7, 38
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 4/1940 Korpiun 102/43 R 3,209,689 10/1965 McLennan 102/38 3,282,215 11/1966 Roth 102/38 3,362,328 1/1968 KatZ .0 102/38 Primary Examiner-Robert F. Stahl Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward J. Kelly; Herbert Berl; William Sommer [5 7 ABSTRACT An aluminum alloy cartridge case having a thin coating lining a substantial portion of the case internal surface to minimize operative erosion damage to the case material by hot gases escaping, should the case develop a crack when the round is tired. The coating consists of synthetic and natural resins and an additive which serve to endothermically cool the high velocity hot gases escaping through the crack.
1 Claim, 1 Drawing Figure CARTRIDGE CASE The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to cartridge cases, and more particularly to ammunition cartridge cases of aluminum alloy material.
Because of the extremely high production rate of ammunition cartridge cases, flaws and other undesirable physical conditions sometimes result in the cases during the manufacturing process and pass undetected through elaborate inspection procedures. The flaws of interest to this invention consist of small faults that are either in the case wall structure as manufactured or are other forms of defects in the material that can lead to cracks in the case wall structure when the ammunition is fired. The fissure or crack, particularly at the region of the case just forward of the extractor groove, can be severely eroded by escaping hot gases. This condition is most serious with light-weight metal cartridge cases such as aluminum alloys where there is damage to the weapon bolt face, chamber, moving parts and sliding surfaces which usually make the weapon inoperable. More seriously there is the high probability that the escaping high velocity hot propellant gases can seriously injure the weapon operator.
It is an object of the invention to provide a cartridge case with an internal coating which will minimize erosion of the case in the event of case failure.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a cartridge case in which the coating reacts with hot gases adjacent a crack and insulates the case surfaces at the crack, reduces the temperature of the gas escaping through the crack by appreciable energy absorption, by the vaporization of the coating and by the injection of coating vapor into the propellant gas boundary layer which effectively prevents a large fraction of heat from reaching the cracked surface.
These and other objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following description and associated drawing in which the sole FIGURE is a longitudinal sectional view of a cartridge case embodying the principles of the invention.
The ammunition round, shown generally at 10, comprises an aluminum alloy cartridge case 11 having a primer assembly 12, propellant charge 14 and a fluid communicating vent hole 13 provided in the central portion of the cartridge case base 15. An appropriate projectile 16 is secured in the reduced mouth portion 17 of the cartridge case sidewall 18. The major portion of the cartridge case internal surface, from the vent hole to substantially the case mouth, is provided with a thin protective coating 19, the minimum thickness being approximately 0.008 inch, that will provide ablative, insulating, reflective and endothermic characteristics to eliminate or minimize erosive damage to the case particularly at an area where a crack might occur.
More specifically, the coating consists of a base matrix which has synthetic and natural resins and several reactive additives, particularly an endothermic reactant selected from a group of organic phosphates and inorganic carbonates that includes alkyd or aryl phosphate and hydrated sodium carbonate. The preferred coating has the following constituents with the designated weight percentages:
chlorinated paraffin 8.75 dipentaerythritol 8.20 melamine 8.75 chlorinated polypropylene 2.85 synthetic styrenated rubber 4.25 alkyd phosphate 28.80 titanium dioxide 6.40 toluene 16,00 xylene 16 The natural resins, melamine and dipentaerythritol, are burning rate regulators and have ablative and endothermic characteristics as do the synthetic resins (chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated polypropylene and synthetic styrenated rubber). Endothermic additive, alkyd phosphate has reflective and insulating characteristics, as does the titanium dioxide. The toluene and xylene are solvents which evaporate upon drying.
Various modifications, alterations or changes may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. In a cartridge case having an aluminum alloy base and sidewall construction, said base having a primer cavity in fluid communication with a propellant chamber defined by the internal surface portions of said case,
a thin coating lining a substantial portion of said case internal surface, said coating consisting of alkyd phosphate, chlorinated paraffin, dipentaerythritol, melamine, chlorinated polypropylene, synthetic styrenated rubber, titanium dioxide, toluene, and xylene,
so constructed and arranged that operative erosion damage to cracked material of the case is minimized.
US00302455A 1972-10-31 1972-10-31 Cartridge case Expired - Lifetime US3830157A (en)

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US00302455A US3830157A (en) 1972-10-31 1972-10-31 Cartridge case

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US00302455A US3830157A (en) 1972-10-31 1972-10-31 Cartridge case

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483251A (en) * 1981-11-05 1984-11-20 Don Spalding Cartridge for small arms
GB2164426A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-19 Herstal Sa Ammunition
US5090323A (en) * 1990-10-31 1992-02-25 501 Alliant Techsytems Inc. Two-piece ammunition propellant containment bag
US5165040A (en) * 1991-12-23 1992-11-17 General Dynamics Corp., Air Defense Systems Division Pre-stressed cartridge case
US5970879A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-10-26 Jamison; John R. High-power firearm cartridge for short-action chamber and bolt assembly
US6240850B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-06-05 Christopher A. Holler Bullets for use in hitting targets at short range
US6832556B1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2004-12-21 Superior Ballistics, Inc. Passive coatings and improved configurations for gun cartridges, solid rockets, and caseless ammunition
US20060096489A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2006-05-11 Ola Stark Insulated cartridge case and ammunition, method for manufacturing such cases and ammunition, and use of such cases and ammunition in various different weapon systems
US20060254450A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2006-11-16 Applied Research Associates, Inc. Enhancement of solid expolsive munitions using reflective casings
US8763535B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-07-01 Pcp Tactical, Llc Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition
USD715888S1 (en) 2012-01-13 2014-10-21 Pcp Tactical, Llc Radiused insert
US8869702B2 (en) * 2011-01-14 2014-10-28 Pcp Tactical, Llc Variable inside shoulder polymer cartridge
US8875633B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-11-04 Pcp Tactical, Llc Adhesive lip for a high strength polymer-based cartridge casing and manufacturing method
US9194680B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2015-11-24 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer-based machine gun belt links and cartridge casings and manufacturing method
WO2016005877A1 (en) 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Jh Casings As Heat insulating coating for aluminium cartridge casings for hand guns
US20160131461A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Alcoa Inc. Coated substrate systems and methods
US10466022B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2019-11-05 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Reduced energy MSR system
US10794671B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2020-10-06 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer-based cartridge casing for subsonic ammunition
US11118851B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2021-09-14 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Reduced energy MSR system
WO2022067179A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Luvata Ohio Inc. Boron steel high-pressure cartridge case
US11448491B2 (en) 2018-07-30 2022-09-20 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer cartridge with enhanced snapfit metal insert and thickness ratios
US11674781B2 (en) * 2014-09-29 2023-06-13 TPI Powder Metallurgy, Inc. Lead free frangible iron bullets

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2196018A (en) * 1935-08-03 1940-04-02 Schering Ag Cartridge case provided with a nonmetallic surface
US3209689A (en) * 1956-11-14 1965-10-05 Mclennan Donald Elmore Reduction of gun barrel wear
US3282215A (en) * 1965-04-30 1966-11-01 Roth Milton Additives for reduction of gun wear
US3362328A (en) * 1966-01-24 1968-01-09 Army Usa Wear reduction additives

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2196018A (en) * 1935-08-03 1940-04-02 Schering Ag Cartridge case provided with a nonmetallic surface
US3209689A (en) * 1956-11-14 1965-10-05 Mclennan Donald Elmore Reduction of gun barrel wear
US3282215A (en) * 1965-04-30 1966-11-01 Roth Milton Additives for reduction of gun wear
US3362328A (en) * 1966-01-24 1968-01-09 Army Usa Wear reduction additives

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483251A (en) * 1981-11-05 1984-11-20 Don Spalding Cartridge for small arms
GB2164426A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-03-19 Herstal Sa Ammunition
US5090323A (en) * 1990-10-31 1992-02-25 501 Alliant Techsytems Inc. Two-piece ammunition propellant containment bag
US5165040A (en) * 1991-12-23 1992-11-17 General Dynamics Corp., Air Defense Systems Division Pre-stressed cartridge case
US6595138B2 (en) 1997-03-17 2003-07-22 John R. Jamison High-power firearm cartridge
US6354221B1 (en) 1997-03-17 2002-03-12 John R. Jamison High-power firearm cartridge
US6550174B2 (en) 1997-03-17 2003-04-22 John R. Jamison Short-action firearm for high-power firearm cartridge
US5970879A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-10-26 Jamison; John R. High-power firearm cartridge for short-action chamber and bolt assembly
US6675717B2 (en) 1997-03-17 2004-01-13 John R. Jamison Ultra-short high-power firearm cartridge
US6678983B2 (en) 1997-03-17 2004-01-20 John R. Jamison Ultra-short-action firearm for high-power firearm cartridge
US20040255502A1 (en) * 1997-03-17 2004-12-23 Jamison John R. Ultra-short-action firearm for high-power firearm cartridge
US6240850B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-06-05 Christopher A. Holler Bullets for use in hitting targets at short range
US6832556B1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2004-12-21 Superior Ballistics, Inc. Passive coatings and improved configurations for gun cartridges, solid rockets, and caseless ammunition
US20060254450A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2006-11-16 Applied Research Associates, Inc. Enhancement of solid expolsive munitions using reflective casings
US20060096489A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2006-05-11 Ola Stark Insulated cartridge case and ammunition, method for manufacturing such cases and ammunition, and use of such cases and ammunition in various different weapon systems
US7581499B2 (en) * 2002-08-08 2009-09-01 Bofors Defence Ab Insulated cartridge case and ammunition, method for manufacturing such cases and ammunition, and use of such cases and ammunition in various different weapon systems
US9989343B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2018-06-05 Pcp Tactical, Llc Base insert for polymer ammunition cartridges
US9599443B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2017-03-21 Pcp Tactical, Llc Base insert for polymer ammunition cartridges
US10794671B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2020-10-06 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer-based cartridge casing for subsonic ammunition
US9003973B1 (en) 2011-01-14 2015-04-14 Pcp Tactical, Llc Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition
US8763535B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-07-01 Pcp Tactical, Llc Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition
US9194680B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2015-11-24 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer-based machine gun belt links and cartridge casings and manufacturing method
US9995561B2 (en) * 2011-01-14 2018-06-12 Pcp Tactical, Llc Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge for blank and subsonic ammunition
US9261335B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2016-02-16 Pcp Tactical, Llc Frangible portion for a high strength polymer-based cartridge casing and manufacturing method
US11353299B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2022-06-07 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer-based cartridge casing for subsonic ammunition
US9372054B2 (en) * 2011-01-14 2016-06-21 Pcp Tactical, Llc Narrowing high strength polymer-based cartridge casing for blank and subsonic ammunition
US8869702B2 (en) * 2011-01-14 2014-10-28 Pcp Tactical, Llc Variable inside shoulder polymer cartridge
US8875633B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2014-11-04 Pcp Tactical, Llc Adhesive lip for a high strength polymer-based cartridge casing and manufacturing method
USD715888S1 (en) 2012-01-13 2014-10-21 Pcp Tactical, Llc Radiused insert
USD765214S1 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-08-30 Pcp Tactical, Llc Radiused insert
WO2016005877A1 (en) 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Jh Casings As Heat insulating coating for aluminium cartridge casings for hand guns
NO337960B1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2016-07-18 Jh Casings As Heat-insulating coating for aluminum cartridge cases for firearms
EP3550254A1 (en) 2014-07-11 2019-10-09 JH Casings AS Heat insulating coating for aluminium cartridge casings for hand guns
US10359261B2 (en) 2014-07-11 2019-07-23 Jh Casings As Heat insulating coating for aluminium cartridge casings for hand guns
US11674781B2 (en) * 2014-09-29 2023-06-13 TPI Powder Metallurgy, Inc. Lead free frangible iron bullets
US9939241B2 (en) * 2014-11-12 2018-04-10 Arconic Inc. Coated substrate systems and methods
US20160131461A1 (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Alcoa Inc. Coated substrate systems and methods
US10466022B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2019-11-05 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Reduced energy MSR system
US11118851B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2021-09-14 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Reduced energy MSR system
US11713935B2 (en) 2016-03-25 2023-08-01 Federal Cartridge Company Reduced energy MSR system
US11448491B2 (en) 2018-07-30 2022-09-20 Pcp Tactical, Llc Polymer cartridge with enhanced snapfit metal insert and thickness ratios
WO2022067179A1 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-03-31 Luvata Ohio Inc. Boron steel high-pressure cartridge case
US11826818B2 (en) 2020-09-25 2023-11-28 Luvata Ohio, Inc. Boron steel high-pressure cartridge case

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