US3829255A - Device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor - Google Patents

Device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor Download PDF

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US3829255A
US3829255A US00319399A US31939972A US3829255A US 3829255 A US3829255 A US 3829255A US 00319399 A US00319399 A US 00319399A US 31939972 A US31939972 A US 31939972A US 3829255 A US3829255 A US 3829255A
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compressor
cylinder
controlling
coil
suction valve
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US00319399A
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A Bykov
V Scherbakov
L Sudarkin
R Pavlov
T Goglina
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/24—Bypassing
    • F04B49/243—Bypassing by keeping open the inlet valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/08—Actuation of distribution members

Definitions

  • a device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor contains a compressor casing with a cylinder head and a cylinder disposed in said casing and provided with discharge and suction valves.
  • the suction valve is controlled by an electromagnetic coil arranged on the exterior of the compressor casing with the electromagnetic coil being connected to the suction valve by a flux guide.
  • the present invention relates to compressor engineering, and more specifically to means for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressors.
  • the invention may be used to advantage in reciprocating refrigerating compressors intended to handle a variety of gases including aggressive and explosive gases such as freons, ammonia, propane and others.
  • a compressor unloader consists of a compressor casing with a cylinder disposed therein.
  • the compressor is provided with a discharge valve and a suction valve.
  • the disc of the suction, valve has the shape of a ring and is unseated mechanically by means of a push rod actuated by the oil pressure build up with the aid of a pump provided on the compressor.
  • the cylinder is unloaded by bypassing the gas from the cylinder bore into the suction chamber of the compressor while the disc remains unseated.
  • Such unloader consists of a compressor casing with a cylinder.
  • the upper end of the cylinder is closed by a cylinder head comprising a lower plate member and an upper cover member separated by sealing gaskets.
  • Disposed in an annular recess of the lower plate member is a coil of an electromagnet.
  • the unloader is provided with a suction, valve and a discharge valve.
  • the disc of the suction valve has the shape of a ring.
  • a return spring Disposed over the ring with respect to the refrigerant gas flowing from the suction chamber of the compressor there is a return spring which causes the suction valve disc to seat in the valve seat to close the suction ports. As soon as the coil is energized, the disc of the suction valve becomes unseated and the cylinder is unloaded due to the flow of the gas from the cylinder bore into the suction chamber of the compressor.
  • the principle object of the invention is to provide a device for controlling the capacity of a reciprocating compressor in which the coil of the electromagnet is arranged so that the compressor can be used in a refrigeration plant intended to handle aggressive and explosive refrigerants.
  • the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor which incorporates a coil of an electromagnet, to control the suction valve of the compressor
  • said coil is arranged, according to the invention, on the exterior of the compressor casing and is connected to the suction valve through a flux guide.
  • the arrangement of the coil of the electromagnet on the exterior of the compressor protects its winding from the corrosive effect of the refrigerant, eliminates the hazard of explosion when aggressive or explosive gases are used and improves the cooling of the winding by the surrounding air.
  • the flux guide is formed by the compressor casing, cylinder and discharge valve body.
  • the flux path is through the compressor components made from magnetic material. This plan makes an additional flux guide superfluous, simplifies the process of manufacturing and the design of the device.
  • the flux guide with pole tips in the form of two annular projections. These projections serve to concentrate the magnetic lines offorce, thereby boosting the magnetizing force. As a result, the effectiveness of the magnet is increased whereas,the current in the coil and coil dimensions are decreased.
  • a permanent magnet produces a permanent magnetic field.
  • the provision of an additional, permanent flux adding up with the flux of the coil of the electromagnet allows to reduce the current and the number of turns in the coil required to produce a magnetizing force capable of unseating the suction valve disc.
  • the use of a permanent magnet cuts power requirements, eliminates excessive heating and improves justable shunt which short-circuits a part of the flux outside the suction valve disc. As the permanent magnet deteriorates with age, its magnetizing effect is increased by means of the shunt.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor according to the invention.
  • the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor includes a compressor casing 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) provided with a cylinder head 2. Disposed in the casing l is a cylinder 3 with a suction valve 4 and a discharge valve 5.
  • the suction valve 4 includes a ringshaped disc 6 and arranged above the ring-shaped disc 6 with respect to the refrigerant flowing into the compressor from a suction chamber (not shown) are return springs 7.
  • the ring-shaped disc 6 is arranged to close inlet ports 8 communicating with the suction chamber (not shown) of the compressor.
  • the cylinder head 2 has an annular recess 9.
  • a coil 10 is connected to the suction valve 4 by means of a flux guide.
  • the flux guide is defined by the compressor casing l, the cylinder 3 and a body 12 of the discharge valve 5, all of which components are made from magnetic materials.
  • the use of the compressor components in the capacity of a flux guide simplifies the design of the device for controlling the capacity of a refrigerating reciprocating compressor.
  • the portion of the body 12 of the discharge valve 5 which overlies the disc 6 of the suction valve 4 with respect to the refrigerant flowing from the suction chamber of the compressor is provided with pole tips in the form of two annular projections 13. Serving to concentrate the magnetic lines of force, these annular projections 13 intensify the effective force of the electromagnet.
  • the annular projections 13 are separated by a non-conductive bushing 14.
  • a non-conductive ring 15 has a similar function.
  • Accommodated inside of the coil 10 is a ring-shaped permanent magnet 16. This magnet is made so that its field has a polarity coinciding with that of the magnetic field produced by the coil 10. The presence of the field produced by the permanent magnet 16 is a factor which considerably reduces the power requirements for the electromagnetic coil 10.
  • the permanent magnet 16 is provided with a shunt 17 in the form of a screw. By turning the screw up or down, an air gap 18 can be changed so as to control the field strength of the permanent magnet 16 over a wide range.
  • the device operates as follows.
  • the winding of the coil 10 is energized, thus producing an electromagnetic field whose lines of force are indicated in FIG. 2 by the letter a.
  • the resulting flux is passed through the flux guide defined by the compressor casing 1, cylinder 3 and the body 12 (FIG. 1) of the discharge valve 5 until the magnetic circuit is completed through the disc 6 of thesuction valve 4.
  • the magnetizing force coming into play causes the disc 6 of the suction valve 4 to unseat against the action of the return springs 7.
  • the ring-shaped disc 6 abuts against the annular projections 13 enabling the gas to pass from the bore of the cylinder 3 into the suction chamber (not shown) of the compressor through the inlet ports 8 and in the opposite direction.
  • the cylinder is thus unloaded and the output of the compressor reduced.
  • the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor envisages the use of electromagnetic means for unseating the suction valves of the compressor. It can be used to advantage in refrigeration systems employing various refrigerants, including aggressive and explosive refrigerants.
  • the device has a simple layout, displays exceptionally good power characteristics and low power requirements. Operating practically without a time lag, it can be used in conjunction with various control systems so as to provide for practically stepless control of the compressor output over the range from full-load to no-load.
  • the use of the invention on reciprocating compressors with a piston diameter of 1 15 mm and a piston stroke of 82 mm has allowed a reduction in the power requirements for electromagnetic valve from 50 to 2 W.
  • the device has paved the way to unification of the capacity control system for use with various refrigerants.
  • a refrigerating plant equipped with the device according to the invention is capable of controlling the variable, say temperature, accurately to within i0.5C or even better.
  • a device for controlling the capacity of a reciprocating compressor comprising a compressor casing, a cylinder head for said compressor, a cylinder disposed in said compressor casing, a discharge valve disposed in said cylinder and a suction valve disposed in said cylinder, wherein the improvement comprises:
  • an electromagnetic coil being disposed on the exterior of said compressor casing for controlling said suction valve
  • a magnetic flux guide being defined by said compressor casing, said cylinder and the housing of said. discharge valve, said flux guide operably connecting said electromagnetic coil to said suction valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

A device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor contains a compressor casing with a cylinder head and a cylinder disposed in said casing and provided with discharge and suction valves. The suction valve is controlled by an electromagnetic coil arranged on the exterior of the compressor casing with the electromagnetic coil being connected to the suction valve by a flux guide.

Description

United States Patent [191 Bykov et al.
1 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE CAPACITY OF RECHROCATING COMPRESSOR Filed: Dec. 29, 1972 Appl. No.: 319,399
US. Cl. 417/559, 417/505 Int. Cl. F04b 39/08 Field of Search 417/505, 295, 559, 505 U, 417/295 B, 295 A, 295 T, 295 E; 91/275; 25l/65;'335/237; 310/23, 24
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,245,053 6/1941 Sanders 417/286 Aug. 13, 1974 Best 251/ Hartwell et a1.. 417/505 Dunn 335/237 Pettit et a1. 310/24 Harper 335/281 Hassa 251/65 Wintriss 251/65 Freeman 251/65 Duris 310/23 Primary Examiner-William L. Freeh Assistant Examiner-C. P. LaPointe Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Holman & Stern ABSTRACT A device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor contains a compressor casing with a cylinder head and a cylinder disposed in said casing and provided with discharge and suction valves. The suction valve is controlled by an electromagnetic coil arranged on the exterior of the compressor casing with the electromagnetic coil being connected to the suction valve by a flux guide.
4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE CAPACITY OF RECWROCATING COMPRESSOR The present invention relates to compressor engineering, and more specifically to means for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressors.
The invention may be used to advantage in reciprocating refrigerating compressors intended to handle a variety of gases including aggressive and explosive gases such as freons, ammonia, propane and others.
PRIOR ART Known in the art are devices for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressors. Said device, commonly termed a compressor unloader, consists of a compressor casing with a cylinder disposed therein. The compressor is provided with a discharge valve and a suction valve. The disc of the suction, valve has the shape of a ring and is unseated mechanically by means of a push rod actuated by the oil pressure build up with the aid of a pump provided on the compressor. To reduce the output of the compressor, the cylinder is unloaded by bypassing the gas from the cylinder bore into the suction chamber of the compressor while the disc remains unseated.
Inherent inthis arrangement is a number of disadvantages. By relying on a hydraulic power element for unseating the suction valve disc, the system operates with a time lag. Furthermore, breakdowns of suction valve discs due to the presence of the push rods actuating such discs are not uncommon. This impairs the reliability not only of the compressor unloading system but that of the compressor and refrigerating plant as a whole.
In addition, the above arrangement with its unloader power element and a network of hydraulic lines complicates the design of the compressor.
Yet, there are reciprocating compressor unloaders exerting their action on the suction valves of the compressor directly, without recourse to push rods. For operation, these unloaders rely on an electromagnetic drive. Such unloader consists of a compressor casing with a cylinder. The upper end of the cylinder is closed by a cylinder head comprising a lower plate member and an upper cover member separated by sealing gaskets. Disposed in an annular recess of the lower plate member is a coil of an electromagnet. The unloader is provided with a suction, valve and a discharge valve. The disc of the suction valve has the shape of a ring. Disposed over the ring with respect to the refrigerant gas flowing from the suction chamber of the compressor there is a return spring which causes the suction valve disc to seat in the valve seat to close the suction ports. As soon as the coil is energized, the disc of the suction valve becomes unseated and the cylinder is unloaded due to the flow of the gas from the cylinder bore into the suction chamber of the compressor.
This arrangement has an edge over the unloader incorporating a hydraulic drive but is also not free from a number of disadvantages. Thus, a check up of the coil or its replacement-in the event of a failure entails a disassembly of the compressor. This calls for shutting down the compressor, sucking off the refrigerant gas and disturbing the gas-tightness of the refrigerating plant. The gaskets serving to seal off the coil firstly reduce the magnetizing force of electromagnet and, secondly, are likely to admit, if defective, the refrigerant gas to the coil so that deterioration of the winding is not excluded let alone the hazard of an explosion due to arcing in the winding.
Finally, this arrangement is a power-consuming one. It is knownv that the magnetizing force of an electromagnet varies directly with the current flowing through the winding and the number of turns in the winding, i.e., F iw, where i is the current and w is the number of turns. Consequently, this arrangement either draws a strong current bringing about. heating of the coil which impairs the reliability of the unloading system or must be provided with a bulky winding adding to the overall dimensions and weight of thecompressor.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to eliminate said disadvantages. The principle object of the invention is to provide a device for controlling the capacity of a reciprocating compressor in which the coil of the electromagnet is arranged so that the compressor can be used in a refrigeration plant intended to handle aggressive and explosive refrigerants.
In the accomplishment of the above object, in the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor which incorporates a coil of an electromagnet, to control the suction valve of the compressor, said coil is arranged, according to the invention, on the exterior of the compressor casing and is connected to the suction valve through a flux guide.
When the coil of the electromagnet is energized, the flux so produced flows through the flux guide, with the circuit being completed through the suction valve body. The magnetizing force coming into play causes the suction valve to move away from its seat.
The arrangement of the coil of the electromagnet on the exterior of the compressor protects its winding from the corrosive effect of the refrigerant, eliminates the hazard of explosion when aggressive or explosive gases are used and improves the cooling of the winding by the surrounding air.
For the sake of simplicity of design, it is desirable to embody the device so that the flux guide is formed by the compressor casing, cylinder and discharge valve body. The flux path is through the compressor components made from magnetic material. This plan makes an additional flux guide superfluous, simplifies the process of manufacturing and the design of the device.
To add to the field strength, it is preferred to provide the flux guide with pole tips in the form of two annular projections. These projections serve to concentrate the magnetic lines offorce, thereby boosting the magnetizing force. As a result, the effectiveness of the magnet is increased whereas,the current in the coil and coil dimensions are decreased.
It is also preferred to add a permanent magnet to the coil of the electromagnet so that the polarity of the field produced by the former coincides with that of the latter.
As is known, a permanent magnet produces a permanent magnetic field. The provision of an additional, permanent flux adding up with the flux of the coil of the electromagnet allows to reduce the current and the number of turns in the coil required to produce a magnetizing force capable of unseating the suction valve disc. The use of a permanent magnet cuts power requirements, eliminates excessive heating and improves justable shunt which short-circuits a part of the flux outside the suction valve disc. As the permanent magnet deteriorates with age, its magnetizing effect is increased by means of the shunt.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be best understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor includes a compressor casing 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) provided with a cylinder head 2. Disposed in the casing l is a cylinder 3 with a suction valve 4 and a discharge valve 5. The suction valve 4 includes a ringshaped disc 6 and arranged above the ring-shaped disc 6 with respect to the refrigerant flowing into the compressor from a suction chamber (not shown) are return springs 7. The ring-shaped disc 6 is arranged to close inlet ports 8 communicating with the suction chamber (not shown) of the compressor. The cylinder head 2 has an annular recess 9. A coil 10 is connected to the suction valve 4 by means of a flux guide. The flux guide is defined by the compressor casing l, the cylinder 3 and a body 12 of the discharge valve 5, all of which components are made from magnetic materials. The use of the compressor components in the capacity of a flux guide simplifies the design of the device for controlling the capacity of a refrigerating reciprocating compressor. The portion of the body 12 of the discharge valve 5 which overlies the disc 6 of the suction valve 4 with respect to the refrigerant flowing from the suction chamber of the compressor is provided with pole tips in the form of two annular projections 13. Serving to concentrate the magnetic lines of force, these annular projections 13 intensify the effective force of the electromagnet.
To produce a directional magnetic field, the annular projections 13 are separated by a non-conductive bushing 14. A non-conductive ring 15 has a similar function. Accommodated inside of the coil 10 is a ring-shaped permanent magnet 16. This magnet is made so that its field has a polarity coinciding with that of the magnetic field produced by the coil 10. The presence of the field produced by the permanent magnet 16 is a factor which considerably reduces the power requirements for the electromagnetic coil 10. The permanent magnet 16 is provided with a shunt 17 in the form of a screw. By turning the screw up or down, an air gap 18 can be changed so as to control the field strength of the permanent magnet 16 over a wide range.
The device operates as follows.
For reducing the capcity the compressor, the winding of the coil 10 is energized, thus producing an electromagnetic field whose lines of force are indicated in FIG. 2 by the letter a. Adding up with the field of the permanent magnet 16 whose lines of force are indicated in FIG. 2 by the letter b, the resulting flux is passed through the flux guide defined by the compressor casing 1, cylinder 3 and the body 12 (FIG. 1) of the discharge valve 5 until the magnetic circuit is completed through the disc 6 of thesuction valve 4. The magnetizing force coming into play causes the disc 6 of the suction valve 4 to unseat against the action of the return springs 7. The ring-shaped disc 6 abuts against the annular projections 13 enabling the gas to pass from the bore of the cylinder 3 into the suction chamber (not shown) of the compressor through the inlet ports 8 and in the opposite direction. The cylinder is thus unloaded and the output of the compressor reduced.
The device for controlling the capacity of reciprocating compressor according to the invention envisages the use of electromagnetic means for unseating the suction valves of the compressor. It can be used to advantage in refrigeration systems employing various refrigerants, including aggressive and explosive refrigerants. The device has a simple layout, displays exceptionally good power characteristics and low power requirements. Operating practically without a time lag, it can be used in conjunction with various control systems so as to provide for practically stepless control of the compressor output over the range from full-load to no-load.
By way of illustration, the use of the invention on reciprocating compressors with a piston diameter of 1 15 mm and a piston stroke of 82 mm has allowed a reduction in the power requirements for electromagnetic valve from 50 to 2 W.
The device has paved the way to unification of the capacity control system for use with various refrigerants. A refrigerating plant equipped with the device according to the invention is capable of controlling the variable, say temperature, accurately to within i0.5C or even better.
What is claimed is:
1. A device for controlling the capacity of a reciprocating compressor comprising a compressor casing, a cylinder head for said compressor, a cylinder disposed in said compressor casing, a discharge valve disposed in said cylinder and a suction valve disposed in said cylinder, wherein the improvement comprises:
an electromagnetic coil being disposed on the exterior of said compressor casing for controlling said suction valve; and
a magnetic flux guide being defined by said compressor casing, said cylinder and the housing of said. discharge valve, said flux guide operably connecting said electromagnetic coil to said suction valve.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 in which said flux guide is provided with pole tips in the form of two annular projections for concentrating the magnetic lines of force. v
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 in which said electromagnetic coil is provided. with a permanent magnet producinga magnetic field whose polarity is thelsame as that of the magnetic field produced by the cor 4. The device as claimed in claim 3 in which said permanent magnet is provided with a shunt for stabilizing the magnetic field of said permanent magnet.

Claims (4)

1. A device for controlling the capacity of a reciprocating compressor comprising a compressor casing, a cylinder head for said compressor, a cylinder disposed in said compressor casing, a discharge valve disposed in said cylinder and a suction valve disposed in said cylinder, wherein the improvement comprises: an electromagnetic coil being disposed on the exterior of said compressor casing for controlling said suction valve; and a magnetic flux guide being defined by said compressor casing, said cylinder and the housing of said discharge valve, said flux guide operably connecting said electromagnetic coil to said suction valve.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 in which said flux guide is provided with pole tips in the form of two annular projections for concentrating the magnetic lines of force.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 in which said electromagnetic coil is provided with a permanent magnet producing a magnetic field whose polarity is the same as that of the magnetic field produced by the coil.
4. The device as claimed in claim 3 in which said permanent magnet is provided with a shunt for stabilizing the magnetic field of said permanent magnet.
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008011A (en) * 1975-02-20 1977-02-15 Vsevolod Sergeevich Scherbakov Piston compressor
US5338160A (en) * 1989-09-18 1994-08-16 Gesellschaft fur okologische Okomobil Technologie fur Fahrzeuge GmbH Individual controllable cylinder-plunger assemblies of a radial piston pump
US20060130902A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Larson Steve A Pulsation causing valve for a plural piston pump
US20060216174A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-09-28 Larson Steve A Pulsation causing valve for a plural piston pump
US20090180909A1 (en) * 2006-01-12 2009-07-16 Nigel Paul Schofield Scroll-Type Apparatus
CN106460808A (en) * 2014-03-26 2017-02-22 惠而浦股份有限公司 Reciprocating compressor provided with suction valves arrangement
CN110513342A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-29 福州天石源超硬材料工具有限公司 A kind of integrated pneumatic mechanism

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008011A (en) * 1975-02-20 1977-02-15 Vsevolod Sergeevich Scherbakov Piston compressor
US5338160A (en) * 1989-09-18 1994-08-16 Gesellschaft fur okologische Okomobil Technologie fur Fahrzeuge GmbH Individual controllable cylinder-plunger assemblies of a radial piston pump
US20060130902A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Larson Steve A Pulsation causing valve for a plural piston pump
US20060216174A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-09-28 Larson Steve A Pulsation causing valve for a plural piston pump
US7278443B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2007-10-09 Diversified Dynamics Corporation Pulsation causing valve for a plural piston pump
US7290561B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2007-11-06 Diversified Dynamics Corporation Pulsation causing valve for a plural piston pump
US20090180909A1 (en) * 2006-01-12 2009-07-16 Nigel Paul Schofield Scroll-Type Apparatus
US8323006B2 (en) * 2006-01-12 2012-12-04 Edwards Limited Scroll pump with an electromagnetic drive mechanism
CN106460808A (en) * 2014-03-26 2017-02-22 惠而浦股份有限公司 Reciprocating compressor provided with suction valves arrangement
CN106460808B (en) * 2014-03-26 2018-09-04 惠而浦股份有限公司 Reciprocating compressor with inhalation valve
CN110513342A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-11-29 福州天石源超硬材料工具有限公司 A kind of integrated pneumatic mechanism

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