US3828929A - Homogenizing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Homogenizing method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3828929A
US3828929A US00325135A US32513573A US3828929A US 3828929 A US3828929 A US 3828929A US 00325135 A US00325135 A US 00325135A US 32513573 A US32513573 A US 32513573A US 3828929 A US3828929 A US 3828929A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
additive
axial flow
unit
composite
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US00325135A
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English (en)
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W Hickey
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AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL Inc A CORP OF FLORIDA
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Individual
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Priority to US00325135A priority Critical patent/US3828929A/en
Priority to FR7344446A priority patent/FR2328506A3/fr
Priority to DE2361331A priority patent/DE2361331A1/de
Priority to JP48136965A priority patent/JPS49103883A/ja
Priority to IT19540/74A priority patent/IT1003432B/it
Priority to GB3937373A priority patent/GB1454797A/en
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Publication of US3828929A publication Critical patent/US3828929A/en
Assigned to AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF FLORIDA reassignment AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF FLORIDA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RICHLER HARVEY E.
Assigned to AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF FLORIDA reassignment AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF FLORIDA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RICHTER HARVEY E.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to apparatus and processes for material handling and particularly concerns an apparatus and method for homogenously mixing large volumes of different material and thereafter separating and removing at least a portion of the homo'genous mixture or composite of the mixed materials'.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus particularly suited for high speed operations and high volume capacities to effect at a pumping station efficient mixing of flow media and a selected additive in a highly diffused separable homogenous composite and to thereafter separate a portion of the composite downstream of the pumping station, for removal from the remainder of the composite.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved apparatus of the type described of significantly simplified construction particularly suited for use in a variety of applications having requirements for high volume processes on an uninterrupted flow basis undereffectively controlled conditions.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide such a new and improved apparatus for processing composites of fluids as well as solids or fluid and solid admix tures in effectively controlled proportions.
  • Another primary object of this invention is to provide a new and improved method of treating a material prior to conveying the treated material downstream for separation of at least a portion of the treated material and which is particularly suited for applications having high energy input and high operating speed requirements.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide such a new and improved method particularly suited for continuous high volume industrial processes.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide such a new and improved method which effectively controls input and output of materials to be physically mixed in homogenous proportions and also ensures a smooth continuous process in physically conveying the homogenous composite to a separating station on a continuous feed basis for selective removal of a portion of the conveyed composite.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide such a method which may be used in a variety of different applications for handling different combinations of fluids or combinations of solids as well as combinations of fluids and solids and which provides for efficient and economical separation of a selected portion of the composite without requiring complicated and expensive chemical processing equipment.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of one .or more of such steps with respect to each of the others and the apparatus possessing the features, properties and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure which also sets forth an illustrative embodiment of the apparatus employed in this invention indicative of the way in which the principle of this invention is employed.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, partly broken away and partly in section, of an axial flow unit at a pumping station incorporated in this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic diagram, partly in section, showing components of a processing system incorporating the method and apparatus of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is an axial end view showing a blade profile projection of the axial flow unit used at the pumping station of the processing system of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an axial end view showing a blade profile projection of an axial flow unit used at a separating station of the processing system of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a side view, partly broken away and partly in section, showing an additive collection ring which is externally mounted on a rotor of the axial flow unit of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic flow profile characteristic of the axial flow type unit used in the illustrated embodiment of this invention.
  • unit 10 is an axial flow pump which may be either a single stage unit or multiple stage unit with each. unit having a cylindrical rotor 12 which is fragmentarily shown in half-section in FIG. 1. Impeller blades such as the one shown at 14 in FIG. 1 provide propulsion for material in a flow passageway through rotor 12 in the axial direction of arrow 16 from an inlet end of the unit, not shown, to an outlet end of the unit at the left-hand side of rotor 12 in FIG. 1.
  • Impeller blades such as the one shown at 14 in FIG. 1 provide propulsion for material in a flow passageway through rotor 12 in the axial direction of arrow 16 from an inlet end of the unit, not shown, to an outlet end of the unit at the left-hand side of rotor 12 in FIG. 1.
  • Rotor 12 is shown mounted for rotation within a cylindrical chamber of a housing generally designated 18.
  • Units of this general type are normally powered and require a suitable power source such as a motor, not shown, for rotating an input shaft, not shown, drivingly connected to a drive gear 20 shown in mesh with driven ring gear 22 secured by bolts such as at 24 to an outside wall of the rotor 12.
  • a suitable power source such as a motor, not shown, for rotating an input shaft, not shown, drivingly connected to a drive gear 20 shown in mesh with driven ring gear 22 secured by bolts such as at 24 to an outside wall of the rotor 12.
  • housing 18 provides mountings for drive shaft bearings 26 within housing gear casing 28 and also for bearings such as at 30 supporting the rotor 12 for rotation about a rotational axis generally designated X-X.
  • X-X a rotational axis generally designated X-X.
  • annular end mounting flanges such as 34 are suitably secured by a machine bolt, not shown, to each axial end of the housing 18 to maintain a seal assembly such as at 36 in operative association with the rotor 12 within enlarged annular chambers as at 38 which will be understood to circumferentially extend around the axial end portions of rotor 12.
  • the illustrated left-hand axial end of rotor 12 is provided with a seal mating ring 40 shown secured on the lefthand portion of rotor 12 (FIG.
  • Seal mating ring 40 is drivingly connected to the rotor by removable retaining pins such as shown at 46, and pins 46cooperate with a retaining ring 48 to releasably secure the seal assembly 36 in a position on the rotor 12. Undesired passage of oil, water, and other contaminants into.
  • chamber 38 is controlled by a pair of ring seal subassemblies 50, 52 secured to housing 18 and presenting oppositely facing radial surfaces for sealing engagement with an adjacent side of seal mating ring
  • a controlled homogenous mixing process for various combinations of fluids or solids or fluid and solid composites is provided in an apparatus particularly suited for continuous high volume operation.
  • an additive diffusor 53 is provided, preferably in each impeller blade 14, to disperse a selected additive in controlled proportions relative to the flow media passing through the rotor 12.
  • Diffusor 53 may be employed in different ways, e.g., in dispersing solid particulate matter into a sludge of flowable material passing through rotor 12, or in mixing different fluids such as a gaseous additive to be hoinogenously mixed together with a liquid media in the passageway of rotor 12. While it is intended that each of the impeller blades 14 are preferably provided with an additive diffusor, for purposes of explanation, it will be sufficient to describe only one shown for blade 14 as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • rotor impeller blade 14 extends from an inside rotor wall 54 (along line 56) to provide a free edge 58 on blade 14 disposed radially inwardly of wall 54 such that blade 14, when rotated, acts as a screw propeller to propel flow media through the rotor 12.
  • Blade 14 is preferably helical in shape and includes a trailing downstream edge 60 which is directed radially outwardly from an apex 62 of the blade 14 toward inside rotor wall 54.
  • This blunt downstream trailing edge 60 of impeller blade 14 provides for cavitation in the region of the flow passageway immediately adjacent the edge 60 at a predetermined rotor speed, and a plurality of dispersion outlets are shown such as at 64 formed in the downstream trailing edge surface of the impeller blade.
  • Each dispersion outlet 64 is connected by an individual passageway 66 to a common internal manifold 68 formed inside blade 14 which leads toward its root portion where the blade 14 merges with the inside wall 56 of rotor 12.
  • a valve body 70 is shown defining a valve chamber 72. Chamber-72 communicates with manifold 68 through an outlet port 74 and connects to the chamber 38 of housing 18 via an inlet port 76 in valve body 70 and a communicating opening 78 in the seal mating ring 40.
  • Chamber 38 may conveniently serve as an additive accumulator chamber for supplying various selected additives to the flow passageway of rotor 12.
  • a ball check valve member 80 is received in the valve chamber 72 and is biased by a spring 82 radially inwardly against a valve seat surrounding outlet port 74 and into its illustrated normally closed flow control position.
  • a common additive collection ring 84 secured by any suitable means, not shown, to circumferentially extend about the seal mating ring 40.
  • additive within the accumulator chamber 38 will be collected from chamber 38 by raised vanes 86 (best seen in FIG. 6) formed on collection ring 84 with openings facing in the direction of rotation.
  • the vanes 86 positively direct the additive into a common accumulator groove 88, which will be understood to circumferentially extend around the outer periphery of the seal mating ring 40, and through each of the plurality of openings such as illustrated at 78 in the seal mating ring 40 and into each valve chamber 72 of the impeller blades 14.
  • a suitable coupling 90 to a supply conduit 92 may be secured to the housing 18 for supplying additive (through a connecting passage therein such as at 94) into the accumulator chamber 38.
  • the illustrated arrangement obviously may be varied and tailored to' different types of additives being supplied, depending on whether the additive is a gas, liquid or solid and the nature of the solid additive if such is being used in the application of this invention.
  • each impeller blade 14 provides a suction force at a predetermined rotational speed of the rotor l2 as flow media passes over opposite sides of the blades 14, and centifugal force developed by rotor rotation causes the ball check valve member to automatically move radially outwardly against the bias of its spring 82 to permit additive in chamber 38 to be collected and positively directed by the additive collection ring 84 into the common manifold 68 and through the connecting individual passages 66 to each of the dispersion outlets 64.
  • the lead and pitch of each of the described impeller blades 14 is selectively dimensioned and contoured such that a vigorous propelling effect is produced by the pumping unit 10 to mix the additive with the flow media received, e.g., from supply line 98 (FIG. 2) within the pumping station 100 and to additionally drive the resulting homogenous composite downstream through a connecting pipeline 102 in a smooth powerful thrusting flow toward a separating station generally designated 104.
  • the total system is particularly suited to extract selected specific gravity masses from the total matter being mixed and transferred.
  • An example would be in providing an effective solution to separating out a relatively heavy precipitant in a high volume chemical process resulting from the mixing of a selected additive and flow media at the pumping station 100.
  • the fluid flow unit at the upstream pumping station 100 supplies sufficient kinetic energy required to transport the total mass through the entire system while the secondary or downstream fluid flow unit at the separating station 104 provides sufficient centrifugal energy required to effectively arrange different specific gravity elements of the total mass in a manner proportional to the radius of the connected pipeline.
  • unit 10 is an axial flow device as previously described and the separating station unit also is preferably an axial flow device having a blade projection such as illustrated in FIG. 4 wherein the impeller blades 106 at the separating station 104 are of a modified lead and pitch arrangement in relation to blades 14 0f the pumping station unit shown in FIG.
  • the impeller blade construction of the separating station unit is designed to provide an axial flowpumping rate through the pipeline system less than that of unit 10 of the pumping station while imparting a significantly greater centrifugal force'on the conveyed mixture upon its being received within the flow passageway of the separating station 104 whereby its blades 106 each act on a substantial length and perimetrical depth of the column of mixture conveyed to the separating station 104.
  • a plenum chamber 108 is shown intermediate the pumping and separating stations 100 and 104 in communication with the interconnecting pipeline 102.
  • Plenum chamber 108 is designed to provide appropriate low and high pressure regions upstream of the separating station 104 to stabilize high throughput volumes of mixed materials conveyed by the pumping station and to make the system independent of normally encountered pressure fluctuations.
  • the disclosed system is totally independent and needs no other sundry mechanisms, vacuum techniques and other conventional equipment normally masses involved into separate portions based on their specific gravities.
  • shaded section A represents a volume of mass transported through a completely filled pipeline 102 in one revolution of pump rotor 12 under given steady flow conditions wherein the downstream backpressure and rotational rotor speed are relatively constant.
  • the volume of annular section B of plenum chamber 108 is designed larger than the volume of section A and plenum section C'is somewhat smaller in volume than section B and in coaxial alignment therewith to provide a high pressure zone, represented by section B, within plenum chamber 108 surrounding a relatively low pressure zone (section C) wherein lower specific gravitymasses are forced downstream along the central portion of pipeline 102 through its plenum chamber 108.
  • plenum chamber 108 additionally serves to augmer t the separation of masses of different specific gravities which actually takes place in a transitional region between section lines D-D and E-E.
  • line pressure increases radially and provides a compressed cone effect such as depicted by broken lines at 109, allowing lower backpressures along the center portion of chamber 108 while the change in velocity direction as indicated by lines 111 and reduction in its axial magnitude creates higher pressures along the outer perimetrical depth of the diverging input end of chamber 108 to stabilize the separation process by surrounding the centrally arranged lighter specific gravity masses passing through chamber 108 within the described surrounding high pressure zone (section B) while also allowing the higher specific gravity masses with their relatively high kinetic energy and centrifugal velocities to easily pass around the outside of cone 109 into the surrounding high pressure zone of chamber 108.
  • annular manifold may be used in the transitional region of chamber 108 to promote separation of the different specific gravity masses. It is to be understood that the described system may be designed for laminar flow of the lower specific gravity masses through the center of plenum chamber 108 thereby significantly stabilizing the core of the mass flow. While the diverging input end of chamber 108 may reduce the critical Reynolds number, practically all cases of fluid flow through the surrounding high pressure outer zone of chamber 108 will be in the turbulent-flow region.
  • the flow media to be treated is continuously passed from supply line 98 through the pumping station 100 and a supply of a selected additive is uninterruptedly diffused into the flow passageway during rotor rotation to effect a homogenous mixing.
  • the pumping action of the pumping station unit is augmented by the propulsive effect of the separating station unit to physically convey the mixture through pipeline 102 and its plenum chamber 108 to the separating station unit.
  • lts impeller blades 106 are driven at a sufficient speed to centrifugally force that portion of the mixture of maximum specific gravity radially outwardly toward the inside wall 113 of the separating station rotor 110 (preferably having an inside diameter equal to that of plenum chamber 108).
  • the centrifugate assumes a generally uniform cylindrically profiled form which is simultaneously driven downstream along the inside wall 112 of a connecting pipeline 114 by the propelling effect of the separating station unit.
  • the passageway in pipeline 114 is preferably uniform and coaxially aligned and coextensive with the flow passageway of the rotor 110, and the heavier portion of the centrifuged mixture is axially forced downstream into a zone of pipeline 114 established by its maximum inside diameter and a radially inwardly disposed outside surface of a concentric conduit 116 of reduced diameter which will be understood to be mounted in coaxial downstream relation to the flow passageway extending through the separating station rotor 110. Lighter specific gravity.
  • centrifuged mixture accordingly will be forced into the reduced conduit 116 centrally disposed within pipeline 114, and the centrifugate may be readily removed at least in part by the continued pumping action of the separating station unit forcing the higher specific gravity portion into a tributary conduit shown at 118 for suitable disposition further downstream.
  • the apparatus and method of this invention is particularly suited for a variety of different industrial processes.
  • the apparatus and method of this invention is particularly suited to achieve such purposes.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may achieve such purposes in a controlled manner.
  • the speed of rotation of the pumping and separating station units are designed to be independently and selectively controlled to correspondingly regulate the process, the input of diffusable additive, the degree of centrifugal force to be applied to the conveyed homogenous mix-- ture, the desired time delay for any desired reaction, the desired time delay for effecting flow between the pumping andseparating stations, etc.
  • the method of this invention supplies its own motion transmission and flow regulation without relying on any weirs and without any gravity or vacuum methodsof separating or drawing off gases, liquids or solids into separate passageways.
  • the combination of the disclosed axial flow units of similar type effectively minimize such variations to a significant extent by effective mixing and homogenization of all elements at the pumping station thereby ensuring uninterrupted flow without substantial variations in construction of the components required provides a significantly simplified system wherein the pumping station unit provides the mixing action and also the basic pumping force.
  • the plenum chamber 108 augments the extraction action of the separating station while further minimizing and accommodating line pressure fluctuations,
  • the separating station unit provides proportion or the type of chemicals in a continuous process that is not believed to be normally feasible by the application of conventional teachings.
  • a method of treating material at a pumping station of a pipeline system and withdrawing a portion of the treated material downstream from a separating station of the pipeline system comprising the steps of supplying the material to be treated to the pumping station, supplying a diffusible additive to the material at the pumping station, mixing the material and the additive at.the pumping station to form a homogenous separable composite of the material and the additive by applying vortical motion to the composite by an axial flow pump at the pumping station, conveying the homogenous composite in the pipeline system from the pumping station to the separating station, stabilizing the flow of the conveyed composite upstream of the separating station by passing it through a plenum chamber having a diverging inlet whereby a core portion of the composite being conveyed in the pipeline system to the separating station is surrounded by a generally uniform cylindrical profiled centrifugate of the conveyed composite under high pressure relative to that of the core portion of the conveyed composite, applying a centrifugal force to the conveyed composite at the
  • separation of the composite and removal of a separated portion thereof is controlled by maintaining the axial flow pump of the separating station at a pumping rate less than that of the axial flow pump of the pumping station.
  • the method of claim 10 further including the step of regulating additive input by controlling the rota tional speed of the pump rotor during mixing of the material and the additive at the pumping station.
  • a system for treating flow media with an additive 14.
  • the first unit including additive diffusing means for mixing an additive with flow media supplied to the first unit and a cylindrical rotor having an axial flow passageway therethrough with an impeller blade arrangement located in the passageway for effecting a turbulent mixing action to provide a homogenous separable composite of the flow media and the additive
  • said plenum chamber having a conical inlet extending in radially diverging concentric relation to the adjacent upstream flow passageway of the pipeline conveying system, and an outlet connected to the rotor of the second unit for stabilizing the flow of the composite input to the sec- 0nd unit
  • the second unit including a cylindrical rotor having an axial flow passageway therethrough with an impeller bladearrangement for centrifuging the stabilized composite received from the plenum chamber to at least partially separate the centrifugate
  • the plenum chamber includes a central core section having a crosssectional area which is approximately equal but slightly less than the cross-sectional area of the adjacent upstream flow passageway of the pipeline conveying system, the remaining portion of the plenum chamber surrounding its central core section having a crosssectional area which is greater than that of the adjacent upstream flow passageway of thepipeline conveying system.
  • the additive diffusing means includes an additive supply source, a dispersion outlet in an impeller blade of the first unit rotor, passage means connecting .the additive supply source with the dispersion outlet, and a valve control in the passage means and carried in the first rotor for controlling additive flow, the valve control means being movable from a normally closed flow control position to an open position responsive to application of centrifugal force upon rotor rotation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00325135A 1973-01-22 1973-01-22 Homogenizing method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3828929A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00325135A US3828929A (en) 1973-01-22 1973-01-22 Homogenizing method and apparatus
FR7344446A FR2328506A3 (fr) 1973-01-22 1973-12-05 Procede et appareil d'homogeneisation
DE2361331A DE2361331A1 (de) 1973-01-22 1973-12-08 Homogenisierverfahren und vorrichtung
JP48136965A JPS49103883A (fr) 1973-01-22 1973-12-10
IT19540/74A IT1003432B (it) 1973-01-22 1974-01-18 Procedimento ed apparecchio per omo geneizzare materiali diversi
GB3937373A GB1454797A (en) 1973-01-22 1974-01-21 Homogenizing and separating method and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00325135A US3828929A (en) 1973-01-22 1973-01-22 Homogenizing method and apparatus

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US3828929A true US3828929A (en) 1974-08-13

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US00325135A Expired - Lifetime US3828929A (en) 1973-01-22 1973-01-22 Homogenizing method and apparatus

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US (1) US3828929A (fr)
JP (1) JPS49103883A (fr)
DE (1) DE2361331A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2328506A3 (fr)
GB (1) GB1454797A (fr)
IT (1) IT1003432B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4087261A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-05-02 Biphase Engines, Inc. Multi-phase separator
US4321006A (en) * 1980-03-05 1982-03-23 Von Ohain Hans J P Gas compression cycle and apparatus therefor
US4383914A (en) * 1975-12-10 1983-05-17 Petro-Canada Exploration Inc. Dilution centrifuging of bitumen froth from the hot water process for tar sand
US4448709A (en) * 1980-11-06 1984-05-15 Bullen Ronald S Proppant concentrator
CN104747157A (zh) * 2015-01-22 2015-07-01 中国石油大学(华东) 一种油气井用泡沫压裂液砂比浓缩器及其应用
US11090680B2 (en) 2017-01-17 2021-08-17 Microfluidics International Corporation Apparatuses and methods using high pressure dual check valve

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4383914A (en) * 1975-12-10 1983-05-17 Petro-Canada Exploration Inc. Dilution centrifuging of bitumen froth from the hot water process for tar sand
US4087261A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-05-02 Biphase Engines, Inc. Multi-phase separator
US4321006A (en) * 1980-03-05 1982-03-23 Von Ohain Hans J P Gas compression cycle and apparatus therefor
US4448709A (en) * 1980-11-06 1984-05-15 Bullen Ronald S Proppant concentrator
CN104747157A (zh) * 2015-01-22 2015-07-01 中国石油大学(华东) 一种油气井用泡沫压裂液砂比浓缩器及其应用
US11090680B2 (en) 2017-01-17 2021-08-17 Microfluidics International Corporation Apparatuses and methods using high pressure dual check valve
US11654452B2 (en) 2017-01-17 2023-05-23 Microfluidics International Corporation Apparatuses and methods using high pressure dual check valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1003432B (it) 1976-06-10
FR2328506B3 (fr) 1978-02-17
GB1454797A (en) 1976-11-03
DE2361331A1 (de) 1974-07-25
FR2328506A3 (fr) 1977-05-20
JPS49103883A (fr) 1974-10-01

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Owner name: AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., 211 COMMON WAY, JUPI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RICHTER HARVEY E.;REEL/FRAME:004433/0070

Effective date: 19830728

Owner name: AIRSONIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF FLORIDA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RICHLER HARVEY E.;REEL/FRAME:004433/0072

Effective date: 19830728