US3828677A - Electric ignition element with secondary ignition capability - Google Patents

Electric ignition element with secondary ignition capability Download PDF

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Publication number
US3828677A
US3828677A US00368927A US36892773A US3828677A US 3828677 A US3828677 A US 3828677A US 00368927 A US00368927 A US 00368927A US 36892773 A US36892773 A US 36892773A US 3828677 A US3828677 A US 3828677A
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powder mix
primer powder
ignition
electric
impedance element
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US00368927A
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S Kaszupski
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US Department of Army
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US Department of Army
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to ignition elements and specifically to electric ignition elements for activating another device. While not limited thereto, the invention finds special application for igniting the propellant charge in a cartridge for ejecting a rocket or bomb from an aircraft.
  • electric ignition elements There are several common types of electric ignition elements. These include the resistance and exploding wire types and the conductive mix, carbon bridge, and spark gap types.
  • the resistance wire and the exploding wire types are characterized by usually good ignition response and good stability to electrical environments but are susceptible to mechanical environments that might break the wire and cause failure.
  • the conductive mix, carbon bridge, and spark gap types are not susceptible to mechanical environments because no wire is used.
  • these electric ignition element designs generally have poor stability to electrical environments. Because of these weaknesses, electric ignition elements are generally considered to have poor reliability.
  • redundancy is designed into the ignition system. This is accomplished by designing the ignition element with two wires (in the exploding wire and resistance wire designs) or by employing two ignition elements, either one of which can cause successful functioning of the system. These redundancies serve to increase the reliability of electric ignition element systems.
  • redundancy usually introduces increased costs and/or size.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an electric ignition element with increased reliability.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an electric ignition element with good ignition response.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a lowcost ignition element of simple design.
  • a further, more specific object of the invention is to provide an improved electric ignition element for explosive cartridges.
  • an electric ignition element may comprise a housing, an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported by the housing and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current, a nonexplosive impedance element in contact with the primer powder mix and effective when energized to ignite the primer powder mix prior to its ignition by an energizing current, and an electric circuit connected for supplying, when activated, energizing current to the primer powder mix and the impedance element.
  • FIG. I is a longitudinal sectional view of an electric ignition element constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of parts of the electric ignition element of FIG. I, and illustrates the manner of their connection in the circuit of an associated weapon or other apparatus in which the ignition element may be used.
  • the electric ignition element illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a housing or sleeve 1 and a center contact 2 which is permanently sealed to the sleeve 1 by means of a solid insulator 3 which, for example, might be formed of glass.
  • An insulating washer 4 which may be Teflon, for example, separates the center contact 2 from a ground ring 5 which makes contact with, the sleeve 1.
  • An impedance element, preferably in the form of a resistance wire 6, has its ends connected, as by welding, for example, to the ground ring 5 and to a short extension 11 of the center contact 2 which project through an axial opening in the insulating washer 4 and is in contact with an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix 7.
  • the primer powder mix 7 is consolidated in the interior of and in contact with the ground ring 5 and is supported axially by an ignition disc 8 and a support cup 9.
  • the support cup 9 is filled with igniter powder 10, and the entire assembly is sealed by crimping the end portion 12 of the sleeve 1 over a second ignition disc 13.
  • the electric ignition element of FIG. 1 When the electric ignition element of FIG. 1 is mounted in the apparatus in which it is to be used, such as a weapon, for example, it is connected electrically, as shown in FIG-2, to input terminals 14 and 15 of an electric circuit associated with the apparatus, the electric circuit comprising a source of energy such as a battery l6 and switch or trigger 17.
  • a source of energy such as a battery l6 and switch or trigger 17.
  • the electric ignition element is operated to perform its function in the associated apparatus by closing the switch 17 so as to energize the circuit. This causes the resistance wire 6 to get hot and ignite the primer powder mix 7. Ignition of the primer powder mix 7 causes the discs 8 and 13 to blow and the powder 10 to ignite. If the particular application of the ignition element is in an aircraft which uses a cartridge for ejecting a rocket or bomb, then, in that case, ignition of the powder 10 is used for igniting the propellant charge in the cartridge.
  • the resistance wire 6 should initially be broken prior to or upon closing of switch 17, the primer powder mix 7 will get hot to the point of ignition, however, the resistance wire 6 will still conduct to some extent due to a portion of the primer powder mix 7 closing the gap at the break in the resistance wire 6.
  • the conductive mix 7 is shielded from all electrical environments including the ignition pulse. This results in a threefold effect.
  • the primary ignition mode is always the resistance wire.
  • the mechanical weakness of the resistance wire is compensated for and negated by, the ignition capability of the conductive mix circuit when the wire is broken.
  • the susceptibility of the conductive mix circuit to electrical environments is reduced by the protective shunting effect of a good resistance wire.
  • the resultant ignition element has characteristics of electrical stability and good ignition response common to the resistance wire type of ignition element without the loss of reliability normally attributed to the mechanical weakness of resistance wire systems.
  • the impedance element or resistance wire 6 had a 1.5 mils diameter and a resistance of 1 ohm, and the primer powder mix 7 had a resistance of ohms.
  • the primer powder mix 7 was composed of 71.5 percent Barium nitrate 23 percent Stabilized Red Phosphorus, and 5.5 percent Graphite.
  • An electric ignition clement comprising a housing
  • an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported by said housing and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current
  • a nonexplosive impedance element in Contact with said primer powder mix and effective when energized to ignite said primer powder mix prior to ignition of the primer powder mix by an energizing current
  • an electric circuit having input terminals coupled to the primer powder mix and the impedance element for supplying energizing current thereto.
  • An electric ignition element according to claim 1 wherein said housing is electrically conductive and connected to one of said input terminals and to said primer powder mix and said impedance element.
  • An electric ignition element comprising an electrically conductive sleeve
  • an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported in the interior of and in contact with said ground ring and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current
  • a nonexplosive impedance element connected to said ground ring and said contact member and effective when energized to ignite said primer powder mix prior to ignition of the primer powder mix by an energizing current
  • an electric circuit for providing energizing current to said primer powder mix and said impedance element, one input terminal of said electric circuit connected to said contact member and another input terminal of said electric circuit connected to said sleeve.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

An electric ignition element having primary and secondary ignition circuits. If the primary ignition circuit fails, the secondary ignition circuit is activated.

Description

United States Patent [191 Iaszupski [111 3,828,677 [451 Aug. 13, 1974 1 ELECTRIC IGNITION ELEMENT WITH SECONDARY IGNITION CAPABILITY [75] Inventor: Stanley J. Kaszupsld, Philadelphia,
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army, Washington, DC.
221 Filed: June 11, 1973 211 App1.N0.:368,927
UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,084,745 1/1914 Lindsay 102/46 2,189,741 2/1940 Minton 102/28 2,696,191 12/1954 Sheehan 102/46 2,918,871 12/1959 Taylor 102/46 3,059,576 10/1962 Haefner 102/46 3,062,146 1 1/1962 Williams et a1. 102/46 3,228,333 l/1966 Phelps et a1. 102/46 3,390,636 7/1968 Perkins et a1. 102/46 3,427,972 2/1969 Stadler et a1 102/46 Primary Examiner-Samuel Feinberg Assistant Examiner-C. T. Jordan Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Edward J. Kelly; Herbert Ber]; Samuel Kane 5 7 ABSTRACT An electric ignition element having primary and secondary ignition circuits. If the primary ignition circuit fails, the secondary ignition circuit is activated.
9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures ELECTRIC IGNITION ELEMENT WITH SECONDARY IGNITION CAPABILITY STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST The invention described herein may be manufactured, used and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to ignition elements and specifically to electric ignition elements for activating another device. While not limited thereto, the invention finds special application for igniting the propellant charge in a cartridge for ejecting a rocket or bomb from an aircraft.
There are several common types of electric ignition elements. These include the resistance and exploding wire types and the conductive mix, carbon bridge, and spark gap types. The resistance wire and the exploding wire types are characterized by usually good ignition response and good stability to electrical environments but are susceptible to mechanical environments that might break the wire and cause failure. The conductive mix, carbon bridge, and spark gap types are not susceptible to mechanical environments because no wire is used. However, these electric ignition element designs generally have poor stability to electrical environments. Because of these weaknesses, electric ignition elements are generally considered to have poor reliability.
When higher degrees of reliability are required in electric ignition element applications, redundancy is designed into the ignition system. This is accomplished by designing the ignition element with two wires (in the exploding wire and resistance wire designs) or by employing two ignition elements, either one of which can cause successful functioning of the system. These redundancies serve to increase the reliability of electric ignition element systems.
Increased reliability through the introduction of redundancy, however, introduces other problems. First, redundancy usually introduces increased costs and/or size. Second, because the redundancy usually incorporates two elements of the same type, both can be damaged by the same environments. Third, some redundant systems that use two ignition elements with individual ballistic trains, require ignition of both elements as well as synchronised ignition of both elements to obtain the optimum functioning of the system, requirements often difficult to fulfill. Because of these problems, the concept of redundancy does not always satisfy reliability requirements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide an electric ignition element with increased reliability.
Another object of the invention is to provide an electric ignition element with good ignition response.
A further object of the invention is to provide a lowcost ignition element of simple design.
A further, more specific object of the invention is to provide an improved electric ignition element for explosive cartridges.
In accordance with the above objects and considered first in one of its broader aspects, an electric ignition element according to the invention may comprise a housing, an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported by the housing and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current, a nonexplosive impedance element in contact with the primer powder mix and effective when energized to ignite the primer powder mix prior to its ignition by an energizing current, and an electric circuit connected for supplying, when activated, energizing current to the primer powder mix and the impedance element.
The invention will be more clearly understood when the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing which is described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is a longitudinal sectional view of an electric ignition element constructed in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of parts of the electric ignition element of FIG. I, and illustrates the manner of their connection in the circuit of an associated weapon or other apparatus in which the ignition element may be used.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The electric ignition element illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a housing or sleeve 1 and a center contact 2 which is permanently sealed to the sleeve 1 by means of a solid insulator 3 which, for example, might be formed of glass. An insulating washer 4, which may be Teflon, for example, separates the center contact 2 from a ground ring 5 which makes contact with, the sleeve 1. An impedance element, preferably in the form of a resistance wire 6, has its ends connected, as by welding, for example, to the ground ring 5 and to a short extension 11 of the center contact 2 which project through an axial opening in the insulating washer 4 and is in contact with an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix 7.
The primer powder mix 7 is consolidated in the interior of and in contact with the ground ring 5 and is supported axially by an ignition disc 8 and a support cup 9. The support cup 9 is filled with igniter powder 10, and the entire assembly is sealed by crimping the end portion 12 of the sleeve 1 over a second ignition disc 13.
When the electric ignition element of FIG. 1 is mounted in the apparatus in which it is to be used, such as a weapon, for example, it is connected electrically, as shown in FIG-2, to input terminals 14 and 15 of an electric circuit associated with the apparatus, the electric circuit comprising a source of energy such as a battery l6 and switch or trigger 17.
The electric ignition element is operated to perform its function in the associated apparatus by closing the switch 17 so as to energize the circuit. This causes the resistance wire 6 to get hot and ignite the primer powder mix 7. Ignition of the primer powder mix 7 causes the discs 8 and 13 to blow and the powder 10 to ignite. If the particular application of the ignition element is in an aircraft which uses a cartridge for ejecting a rocket or bomb, then, in that case, ignition of the powder 10 is used for igniting the propellant charge in the cartridge.
If the resistance wire 6 should initially be broken prior to or upon closing of switch 17, the primer powder mix 7 will get hot to the point of ignition, however, the resistance wire 6 will still conduct to some extent due to a portion of the primer powder mix 7 closing the gap at the break in the resistance wire 6.
By controlling the ratio of resistances of the resistance wire 6 and primer powder mix 7, the conductive mix 7 is shielded from all electrical environments including the ignition pulse. This results in a threefold effect.
First, in an electrically sound ignition element, the primary ignition mode is always the resistance wire. Second, the mechanical weakness of the resistance wire is compensated for and negated by, the ignition capability of the conductive mix circuit when the wire is broken. Third, the susceptibility of the conductive mix circuit to electrical environments is reduced by the protective shunting effect of a good resistance wire. The resultant ignition element has characteristics of electrical stability and good ignition response common to the resistance wire type of ignition element without the loss of reliability normally attributed to the mechanical weakness of resistance wire systems.
In an exemplary electrical ignition element which was constructed in accordance with the invention, the impedance element or resistance wire 6 had a 1.5 mils diameter and a resistance of 1 ohm, and the primer powder mix 7 had a resistance of ohms. The primer powder mix 7 was composed of 71.5 percent Barium nitrate 23 percent Stabilized Red Phosphorus, and 5.5 percent Graphite.
1 claim:
1. An electric ignition clement comprising a housing,
an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported by said housing and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current,
a nonexplosive impedance element in Contact with said primer powder mix and effective when energized to ignite said primer powder mix prior to ignition of the primer powder mix by an energizing current, and
an electric circuit having input terminals coupled to the primer powder mix and the impedance element for supplying energizing current thereto.
2. An electric ignition element according to claim 1 wherein said housing is electrically conductive and connected to one of said input terminals and to said primer powder mix and said impedance element.
3. An electric ignition element according to claim 2 wherein said primer powder mix and said impedance element are connected in parallel.
4. An electric ignition element according to claim 3 wherein the parallel combination of said primer powder mix and said impedance element is connected in series with said housing.
5. An electric ignition element according to claim 4 wherein said impedance element is a resistance wire.
6. An electric ignition element comprising an electrically conductive sleeve,
an electrically conductive tubular ground ring supported in the interior of and in contact with said sleeve,
an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported in the interior of and in contact with said ground ring and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current,
an electrically conductive contact member supported in the interior of said sleeve and having a portion in contact with said primer powder mix,
a nonexplosive impedance element connected to said ground ring and said contact member and effective when energized to ignite said primer powder mix prior to ignition of the primer powder mix by an energizing current, and
an electric circuit for providing energizing current to said primer powder mix and said impedance element, one input terminal of said electric circuit connected to said contact member and another input terminal of said electric circuit connected to said sleeve.
7. An electric ignition element according to claim 6 wherein said impedance element is a resistance wire and is embedded in said primer powder mix.
8. An electric ignition element according to claim 6 wherein said impedance element and said primer powder mix are connected in parallel.
9. An electric ignition element according to claim 6 wherein said impedance element and said primer powder mix are connected in parallel and the parallel combination connected in series with the contact member,
the ground ring, and the sleeve.

Claims (9)

1. An electric ignition element comprising a housing, an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported by said housing and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current, a nonexplosive impedance element in contact with said primer powder mix and effective when energized to ignite said primer powder mix prior to ignition of the primer powder mix by an energizing current, and an electric circuit having input terminals coupled to the primer powder mix and the impedance element for supplying energizing current thereto.
2. An electric ignition element according to claim 1 wherein said housing is electrically conductive and connected to one of said input terminals and to said primer powder mix and said impedance element.
3. An electric ignition element according to claim 2 wherein said primer powder mix and said impedance element are connected in parallel.
4. An electric ignition element according to claim 3 wherein the parallel combination of said primer powder mix and said impedance element is connected in series with said housing.
5. An electric ignition element according to claim 4 wherein said impedance element is a resistance wire.
6. An electric ignition element comprising an electrically conductive sleeve, an electrically conductive tubular ground ring supported in the interior of and in contact with said sleeve, an electrically conductive explosive primer powder mix supported in the interior of and in contact with said ground ring and effective to ignite upon receiving an energizing current, an electrically conductive contact member supported in the interior of said sleeve and having a portion in contact with said primer powder mix, a nonexplosive impedance element connected to said ground ring and said contact member and effective when energized to ignite said primer powder mix prior to ignition of the primer powder mix by an energizing current, and an electric circuit for providing energizing current to said primer powder mix and said impedance element, one input terminal of said electric circuit connected to said contact member and another input terminal of said electric circuit connected to said sleeve.
7. An electric ignition element according to claim 6 wherein said impedance element is a resistance wire and is embedded in said primer powder mix.
8. An electric ignition element according to claim 6 wherein said impedance element and said primer powder mix are connected in parallel.
9. An electric ignition element according to claim 6 wherein said impedance element and said primer powder mix are connected in parallel and the parallel combination connected in series with the contact member, the ground ring, and the sleeve.
US00368927A 1973-06-11 1973-06-11 Electric ignition element with secondary ignition capability Expired - Lifetime US3828677A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2436963A1 (en) * 1978-09-19 1980-04-18 France Etat ELECTRIC PRIMER WITH CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITION
US4329924A (en) * 1979-09-11 1982-05-18 Etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'armement Electric primer with conductive composition
US5027707A (en) * 1989-05-08 1991-07-02 Olin Corporation Electric primer with reduced RF and ESD hazard
US5113764A (en) * 1989-09-25 1992-05-19 Olin Corporation Semiconductor bridge (SCB) packaging system

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1084745A (en) * 1913-09-08 1914-01-20 Union Metallic Cartridge Co Electric primer.
US2189741A (en) * 1937-11-17 1940-02-06 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Seismograph blasting cap
US2696191A (en) * 1951-10-17 1954-12-07 William E Sheehan Electrically operated primer
US2918871A (en) * 1953-08-04 1959-12-29 Beckman Instruments Inc Electrical detonator
US3059576A (en) * 1958-09-26 1962-10-23 Conax Corp Electrically fired detonator
US3062146A (en) * 1956-03-15 1962-11-06 Olin Mathieson Primer
US3228333A (en) * 1961-03-13 1966-01-11 Phelps Lionel Joseph Electrically actuated cartridge
US3390636A (en) * 1966-11-17 1968-07-02 Army Usa Electro-initiating device
US3427972A (en) * 1965-06-04 1969-02-18 Dynamit Nobel Ag Electrically ignited primer element

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1084745A (en) * 1913-09-08 1914-01-20 Union Metallic Cartridge Co Electric primer.
US2189741A (en) * 1937-11-17 1940-02-06 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Seismograph blasting cap
US2696191A (en) * 1951-10-17 1954-12-07 William E Sheehan Electrically operated primer
US2918871A (en) * 1953-08-04 1959-12-29 Beckman Instruments Inc Electrical detonator
US3062146A (en) * 1956-03-15 1962-11-06 Olin Mathieson Primer
US3059576A (en) * 1958-09-26 1962-10-23 Conax Corp Electrically fired detonator
US3228333A (en) * 1961-03-13 1966-01-11 Phelps Lionel Joseph Electrically actuated cartridge
US3427972A (en) * 1965-06-04 1969-02-18 Dynamit Nobel Ag Electrically ignited primer element
US3390636A (en) * 1966-11-17 1968-07-02 Army Usa Electro-initiating device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2436963A1 (en) * 1978-09-19 1980-04-18 France Etat ELECTRIC PRIMER WITH CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITION
US4329924A (en) * 1979-09-11 1982-05-18 Etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'armement Electric primer with conductive composition
US5027707A (en) * 1989-05-08 1991-07-02 Olin Corporation Electric primer with reduced RF and ESD hazard
US5113764A (en) * 1989-09-25 1992-05-19 Olin Corporation Semiconductor bridge (SCB) packaging system

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