US3828539A

US3828539A - Open-end textile spinning machines

Info

Publication number: US3828539A
Application number: US00340082A
Authority: US
Inventors: K Norman; F Croasdale; J Clayton
Original assignee: Platt International Ltd
Current assignee: Hollingsworth UK Ltd
Priority date: 1972-03-13
Filing date: 1973-03-12
Publication date: 1974-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 1991-08-13
Also published as: CH564614A5; JPS5335166B2; FR2175971A1; IT979813B; JPS491830A; IN139233B; FR2175971B1; DE2312169B2; DE2312169A1; GB1368886A; ES412554A1

Abstract

A sliver feeding device for an open-end spinning machine includes a feed roller, an opening roller, and a displaceable feed pedal biased towards the feed roller. A sliver forming nip is formed between a first surface of the feed pedal and the peripheral surface of the feed roller. The feed pedal also has a second surface adjacent the peripheral surface of the opening roller. The device is provided with constraining means associated with the feed pedal to constrain the feed pedal whereby displacement of the feed pedal produces no substantial variation in the minimum clearance between the first surface and the peripheral surface of the open roller.

Description

Elite States Patent [1 1 Croasdale et a1.

[ Aug. 13, 1974 OPEN-END TEXTILE SPINNING MACHINES [75] Inventors: Fred Croasdale, Whalley; James William Barnes Clayton, Arnside; Keith Norman, Oswaldtwistle, all of England [73] Assignee: Platt International Limited, Oldham,

England 22 Filed: Mar. 12,1973

21 Appl.N0.: 340,082

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Mar. 13, 1972 Great Britain 11526/72 [52] U.S. Cl. 57/5891, 57/5895 [51] Int. Cl D0lh 1/12 [58] Field of Search 57/58.8958.95

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,360,918 1/1968 Doudlebsky et al. 57/5895 3,455,097 7/1969 Rajnoha et al .7 57/5895 3,511,045 5/1970 Bures et al 57/5895 X 3,571,859 3/1971 Doudlebsky et a1. 1. 57/5895 X 3,680,300 8/1972 Landwekerkamp 57/5895 X 3,695,022 10/1972 Landwekrkamp 57/5895 X -1696.604 10/1972 Nozaki et al .7 57/5895 3.728 853 4/1973 Schiltknecht 57/5895 Primary Examiner-John W. Huckert- Assistant Examiner-Charles Gorenstein Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Watson, Cole, Grindle & Watson [57] ABSTRACT A sliver feeding device for an open-end spinning machine includes a feed roller, an opening roller. and a displaceable feed pedal biased towards the feed roller. A sliver forming nip is formed between a first surface of the feed pedal and the peripheral surface of the feed roller. The feed pedal also has a second surface adjacent the peripheral surface of the opening roller.

The device is provided with constraining means associated with the feed pedal to constrain the feed pedal whereby displacement of the feed pedal produces no substantial variation in the minimum clearance between the first surface and the peripheral surface of the open roller.

20 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENIEU AUG 1 31974 SHEET 2 0F 2 4 32 33 42 my. a

NOVEL PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE POWDER BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to the manufacture of silver chloride and, more particularly, to improvements in a process for preparing silver chloride from metallic silver by contact with chlorine gas at elevated temperature.

2. Prior Art A conventional method of manufacturing silver chloride involves dissolving silver or silver-containing scrap material in nitric acid and then precipitating silver chloride from the resulting solution by contacting the solution with sodium chloride or hydrochloride acid or the like. The thus precipitated silver chloride is then washed and dried. Attempts to manufacture silver chloride by reaction of silver with chlorine gas at room temperature or somewhat elevated temperatures, such as 500F. have been largely unsuccessful due to the lack of reaction or the slowness of the reaction.

However, a successful process has beenprovided which is more fully disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,147,073, issued Sept. 1, 1964 to Kenneth N. Brown for A Process for Preparing Molten Silver Chloride by the Controlled Reaction of Chlorine on Charge of Metallic Silver. Said patent has been assigned to assignee of the present application. Said patent calls for a process for preparing silver chloride which comprises introducing a charge of metallic silver into a reaction chamber, heating the reaction chamber to a temperature above the melting point of silver chloride but below the melting point'of silver, continuously introducing chlorine gas at a location above the silver into the reaction chamber and continuously withdrawing the resulting molten silver chloride from the reaction chamber at a location below the solid silver in the chamber. With such a process silver chloride can be prepared economically. However, even though the silver chloride is relatively pure, it is recovered from the process in molten form and must be subjected to further treatment to place it into the desired finished size and shape, as by casting or the like.

Historically, substantial amounts of silver chloride in fine particulate form are utilized in industry for such purposes as, for example, photographic processes and the like. A substantial amount of time and effort and expense is normally incurred in converting silver chloride from solid or molten form into finely particulate solid silver chloride powder. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide an improved procedure for treatment of the product of the described patented process in an economical manner so as to efficiently yield silver chloride granules of controlled particulate size as an end product.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention satisfies the foregoing needs. The invention comprises improvements in a process for preparing silver chloride from solid silver by contacting elevated temperature with chlorine gas. The improvements of the process are substantially as set forth in the Abstract above. Such improvements permit pure silver chloride powder or granules to be easily provided from molten silver chloride formed as the end product of the process described andv claimed in US. Pat. No. 3,147,073. The highly purified silver chloride in granular or powder form is useful for a variety of purposes including water purification and the like due to the bactericidal properties of the silver chloride. Such silver chloride is also useful in the photochemical industry, for example, in the preparation of photographic emulsions and the like. The improvements permit the patented process to operate on an even more economical basis than heretofore, do not involve complicated steps or machinery and can be carried out rapidly in a simple controlled manner. Other advantages and details of the improvements are as set forth in the following detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Silver chloride prepared in molten form in accordance with the process of US. Pat. No. 3,147,073 or similar process is treated in accordance with the present improvements to render it more readily disintegratable to fine granular or powder form. The process as set forth in US. Pat. No. 3,147,073 comprises heating pure silver bullion in a reaction zone to a temperature below its melting point but above the melting point of silver chloride and then continuously introducing chlorine gas above the level of the solid silver bullion in the reaction zone to react therewith to form molten silver chloride.- The molten silver chloride is continuously withdrawn from the reaction zone below the solid silver so that it does not build up and block the reaction between the chlorine and silver.

In accordance with the present invention, the molten silver chloride which exits in the above-described process at a temprature substantially below 1 100F., usually at a temperature of about 900F. is heated in a separate heating zone to at least about 1100F. but below the decomposition point thereof and preferably, to about 1300F. Higher temperatures are not necessary to achieve the desired results and may result in a waste of energy and time due to unnecessary heating. Lower temperatures are insufficient to achieve the desired results. After the molten silver chloride has been reheated to the indicated temperature it is then dripped or otherwise passed intoa tank or vessel or reservoir containing water. Preferably, the water is cooled water, at least initially, and it is desired that the temperature difference between the molten silver chloride contacting the water and the water be at least about l050F. This temperature difference is necessary in order that the drops of molten silver chloride when solidifying in contact with the water do so sufficiently rapidly to cause them to be very brittle. The procedure of the invention forms brittle flakes of the silver chloride which may vary in size but may be, for example, up to about one-half or so along the major axis thereof and irregularly thin.

Should the temperature differential be less than that indicated as a minimum and/or should the temperature of the silver chloride on contact with the water be'less than about 1 F., insufficient instantaneous crystallization of the silver chloride occurs upon contact with the water regardless of the waters temperature. The net result is that the solidified globs of silver chloride cannot be readily disintegrated in a hammer mill or otherconventional disintegrating device to fine powder or granular form without considerable difficulty and with considerable energy expenditure. It should be noted that the temperature differential and minimum temperature specified are essential to provide a desired readily granulatable product in an economical manner.

After the brittle flakes of silver chloride are formed in accordance with the improvement of the present invention, the flakes are then disintegrated in a hammer mill or other similar disintegrating device. It is preferred that the disintegration be carried out while the flakes are in dry form. Accordingly, the flakes may be removed from the water in which the flakes were formed, dried by conventional means such as heating, air blowing and/or the like and then passed to the disintegrating means for reduction to the desired particle size. A typical product has been produced which has a silver chloride content of 99.5% and which can be readily milled to an average particle size such that 100 percent of the particles readily pass through a 60 mesh screen. The brittleness of the flakes assures that the milling operation is very readily carried out. Further aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the following specific Examples.

EXAMPLE I A silver ingot weighing 100 pounds is placed in a closed reaction chamber fitted with external heating means, a gas inlet and outlet above the silver and a bottom liquid drainage outlet. The reaction chamber is heated to a temperature of about 1300F. whereupon chlorine gas slightly above atmospheric temperature is introduced into the reaction chamber through the gas inlet, circulates over the top surface of the silver and exits the chamber through the gas outlet. The amount of chlorine gas is regulated to be in excess of that utilized in the reaction with the silver. The reaction is carried out for a period of about 100 minutes during which time molten silver chloride is formed on the top surface of the silver, drains from the solid silver, collects in the bottom of the chamber and is removed from the bottom liquid outlet.

The molten silver chloride at this point has a temperature of approximately 900F. and is caused to flow to a separate heating zone in the form of a furnace and is heated therein to a temperature of about 1200F. and at about that temperature is dripped from the furnace into water in a tank, the water having an average temperature of about 50F. The water greatly exceeds the silver chloride in volume and is maintained within the temperature range of about 40F. to about 60F. by inflow of fresh cooled water. Brittle flakes of silver chloride are recovered from the bottom of the tank of water, dried by heating and air blowing and then passed into a hammer mill and therein granulated to about 60 mesh screen size. The energy computed to be utilized in granulating this silver chloride is less than about percent that required to granulate silver chloride prepared by the same process except for first casting the silver chloride into molds solidifying and then breaking into small pieces and hammer milling. Accordingly, the present process and its improvements represent a substantial advance in the art.

ample l above are carried out except that the procedure is continuous. Thus, there is a continuous removal of molten silver chloride from the reaction chamber,

continuous passage of that molten silver chloride to a heating zone, continuous removal of molten silver chloride from the heating zone at about 1200F. and continuous flowing of the thus-heated molten silver chloride in droplet form into the vat of water. Removal of formed flakes of silver chloride therefrom for hammer milling disintegration is carried out periodically. The same improved results are obtained as are specified for Example I.

Parallel runs are carried out in accordance with the process and improvements set forth in Example I, but substituting reheating temperatures of l lOOF., 1300F. and no reheating but merely the exit temperature of 900F. Results indicate that the silver chloride flakes produced utilizing a reheat temperature of llO0F. and 1300F. are equivalent in properties, in cluding easy granulation, to the product of Example I. However, the flakes prepared by passing molten silver chloride heated to 1000F. into water are not as brittle as those above-described. The flakes obtained by passing molten silver chloride at 900F. into the water are even less brittle and very difficult to hammer mill to fine particulate form, requiring an expenditure of milling power and energy about 300 percent more than the 1100F. to 1300F. silver chloride products.

The above Examples clearly illustrate the improved results obtained through the use of the present im provements in the indicated process for preparing silver chloride. The improvements are easily and simply carried out and result in a decrease in energy expenditure and cost of manufacture of particulate silver chlor ide of high purity. Other advantages are as set forth in the foregoing.

Various modifications, changes, alterations and additions can be made to the present improved process, its improvements and the steps and parameters thereof. All such changes, modifications, alterations and additions as are within the scope of the appended claims form part of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a process for preparing silver chloride comprising heating metallic silver to above the melting point of silver chloride but below the melting point of said silver in a reaction zone, introducting chlorine gas above said heated silver, withdrawing resulting molten silver chloride from said reaction zone below said heated silver and, therefore, recovering solid silver chloride, the improvement which comprises effecting said recovery by heating said withdrawn silver chloride to at least about 1100" F. but below the decomposition point thereof and then passing said heated silver chloride in finely dispersed liquid form into water at a temperature of at least about 1050F higher than said water, sepa rating the resulting brittle silver chloride flakes from said water and disintegrating said flakes to granular form.

2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said heating of said withdrawn silver chloride is carried out to a temperature of between about 1 F. and about 1300F.

3. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said water is at a temperature of about 40-60F. when said heated silver chloride initially contacts the same by being dripped thereinto.

4. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said silver is essentially pure silver bullion, wherein said chlorine gas curvature coincides with the rotational axis of the opening roller, the constraining means further including a fixed guide means slidably engaging in the channel or slot and serving to position and locate the feed pedal whereby on displacement of the feed pedal, cooperation between the guide means and the channel or slot constrains the feed pedal to move in an arcuate path which is concentric with the surface of the opening roller.

5. A device as claimed in claim 4 wherein the guide means comprise a pair of spaced fixed pegs which are 4 a sliding fit in the channel or slot.

6. A device as claims in claim 4 wherein the guide means comprises a fixed elongate arcuate spigot which is a sliding fit in the slot or recess.

7. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the feed pedal includes upper and lower parts formed integrally, the said first surface being provided on the upper part and the said second surface being provided on the lower part.

8. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said second surface comprises a planar surface extending from the feed roller towards and over the periphery of the opening roller, the planar surface lying parallel with a tangent to the peripheral surface of the opening roller and wherein the constraining means constrains the feed pedal to move toward and away from the feed roller in a path parallel to the said tangent.

9. A device as claimed in claim 8 wherein the constraining means includes a sliding surface parallel with said planar surface and arranged to slide along a fixed planar guide surface which is also parallel with the said planar surface.

10. A device as claimed in claim 8 wherein the constraining means further includes a fixed spigot which slidably engages in a blind bore in the feed pedal thereby serving to support and position the feed pedal.

11. A device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the feed pedal is formed as a block and wherein the said first surface is provided on an end face of the block and the second surface is provided on a lower face of the block.

12. A device as claimedin claim 1 including a housing for the device, and wherein the said first surface defines with a surface of the housing a sliver feed channel which gradually converges towards the sliver forwarding nip.

13. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed pedal is biased towards the feed roller by a spring.

14. A device as claimed in claim 13 wherein the feed pedal includes upper and lower parts formed integrally, the said first surface being provided on the upper part and the said second surface being provided on said lower part, wherein the spring is a helical spring having one end engaging in a recess in the upper portion of the feed pedal, and having the other end engaging a fixed abutment.

15. A device as claimed in claim 13 including a fixed spigot which slideably engages in a blind bore in the feed pedal, thereby serving to support the feed pedal, wherein the spring is a helical spring located in the blind bore of the feed pedal, and having one end engaging an end wall of the bore and the other end engaging the fixed spigot.

16. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said first surface connects with the said second surface and wherein the first surface is inclined with respect to that part at least of the said second surface with which it connects.

17. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said first surface connects with the said second surface and wherein the said first surface is perpendicular to that part at least of the saidsecond surface with which it connects.

18. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said first surface is provided with a channel extending parallel with the advance direction of sliver fed to the feed device.

19. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said second surface is provided with a channel extending parallel with the advance direction of the sliver fed to the feed device.

20. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface of the opening roller is provided with needles or teeth.

Claims

1. A sliver feeding device for an open end spinning machine, and comprising a feed roller, an opening roller and a displaceable feed pedal biased towards the feed roller to form between a first surface of the feed pedal and the peripheral surface of the feed roller a sliver forwarding nip, the feed pedal having a second surface adjacent the peripheral surface of the opening roller, and constraining means associated with the feed pedal to constrain the feed pedal so that displacement of the feed pedal produces no substantial variation in the minimum clearance between said second surface and the peripheral surface of the opening roller.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said second surface is provided with an arcuate portion which has a centre of curvature co-incident with the rotational axis of the opening roller, and wherein the feed pedal is constrained to move in an arcuate path which is concentric with the peripheral surface of the opening roller.

3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said second surface includes a planar portion extending from the feed roller towards the peripheral surface of the opening roller, the said planar portion lying parallel with a tangent to the peripheral surface of the opening roller and the said arcuate portion forming a continuation of the said planar portion.

4. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the constraining means comprises in a surface of the feed pedal transverse to said first and second surfaces, an elongate channel or slot having arcuate sides whose centre of curvature coincides with the rotational axis of the opening roller, the constraining means further including a fixed guide means slidably engaging in the channel or slot and serving to position and locate the feed pedal whereby on displacement of the feed pedal, co-operation between the guide means and the channel or slot constrains the feed pedal to move in an arcuate path which is concentric with the surface of the opening roller.

5. A device as claimed in claim 4 wherein the guide means comprise a pair of spaced fixed pegs which are a sliding fit in the channel or slot.

12. A device as claimed in claim 1 including a housing for the device, and wherein the said first surface defines with a surface of the housing a sliver feed channel which gradually converges towards the sliver forwarding nip.

17. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said first surface connects with the said second surface and wherein the said first surface is perpendicular to that part at least of the said second surface with which it connects.