US3826245A - Electrodes employing disposable electropods for cardiac instruments - Google Patents

Electrodes employing disposable electropods for cardiac instruments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3826245A
US3826245A US00331050A US33105073A US3826245A US 3826245 A US3826245 A US 3826245A US 00331050 A US00331050 A US 00331050A US 33105073 A US33105073 A US 33105073A US 3826245 A US3826245 A US 3826245A
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bag
electrode
foil
electrolyte
punch
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US00331050A
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H Funfstuck
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Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG
Spectramed Inc
Gould Inc
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Statham Instrument Inc
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Assigned to DR. KARL THOMAE GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG, A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment DR. KARL THOMAE GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG, A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: VOSS, GUNTHER M., BUBECK, WALTER, GLASEL, VOLKER I., GRUBER, PETER
Assigned to CALIFORNIA FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION reassignment CALIFORNIA FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECTRAMED, INC., A CORP OF DE.
Assigned to SPECTRAMED, INC., reassignment SPECTRAMED, INC., LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CALIFORNIA FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION
Assigned to SPECTRAMED, INC. reassignment SPECTRAMED, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GOULD, INC., A CORP OF DE.
Assigned to GOULD INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment GOULD INC., A CORP. OF DE. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: DECEMBER 31, 1976 Assignors: STATHAM INSTRUMENTS, INC., (MERGED INTO)
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION reassignment BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPECTRAMED, INC.
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/046—Specially adapted for shock therapy, e.g. defibrillation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/282—Holders for multiple electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
    • A61B2562/0217—Electrolyte containing

Definitions

  • the electrolyte may be a saline water or saline viscous of paste-like material or other conductive material used in this art.
  • the pads are attached to the paddle surface by means of an adhesive backing on the side of the foil bag to be placed against the electrode paddle.
  • the bag could have weak spots such as scoring formed in the foil so that when the paddle places a pressure upon the pad the bag willrupture and apply the electrolyte so that good electrical contact is made with the patient.
  • a mechanical device may be attached to the paddle so that the foil bag is ruptured and the electrolyte issues to create the conductive path.
  • a sponge which may be of plastic foam, which is saturated by the electrolyte and which-is placed between the foil bag and the body member when the electrode is applied. This may be and preferably is attached to the side of the bag opposite to that to be placed against the electrode paddle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a circuit which is one possible application of my invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows one form of the electrode of my invention carrying the disposable pad of my invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of another and preferred form of electrode showing the application of the disposable pad of my invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the disposable pad of my invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit for application of my invention to an ECG unit or a defibrillation unit or a combina tion of the two illustrating that combination.
  • Other types of cardiac systems may be employed, for example, the form'described'in Public Health Reports No. 11 November 1966 at page 1,042 and 1,043.
  • the switch 1 may be'placed in any position but is conveniently mounted upon the electrode, for example, electrode 8 of the electrode pair 7 and 8.
  • the closing of the switch 1 actuates the relay 2 which actuates the switches 3 and 4.
  • theswitches are in position to connect the high voltage source to the condenser 5 to charge the condenser.
  • the relay pulls the contact from position contacts 3 and 4 to contact'6-and a pulse is applied to the electrodes 7 and 8.
  • the E.C.G. unit 9 is connected to the electrodes 7 and 8m that the heart is monitored at all times and is protected by the capacitor and diodes and resistor system in junction box 10. Since the aforesaid system is not a portion of my invention but merely illustrates onepossible use of my invention, it need not reduce the time and make the preparation of the patient more convenient.
  • FIG. 2 shows one illustration of an electrode using the disposable pad of my invention.
  • the pads 13 consists of a bag formed of a metallic foil sheet 1'] and 12 which are sealed at the edges at 14 by cementing, crimping or welding the outer edges together;
  • the bag filled with an electrically conductive material 15 such as a saline solution or with a conductive jelly or other equivalent electrically conductive liquid or semi-liquid conductive material for example such as has been used to insure electricalcontact between the electrode and the body.
  • electrically conductive material 15 such as a saline solution or with a conductive jelly or other equivalent electrically conductive liquid or semi-liquid conductive material for example such as has been used to insure electricalcontact between the electrode and the body.
  • the side to be placed against the electrode may be and preferably is coated with an adhesive material for example, a pressure sensitive adhesived for attachment of the bag to the underneath side of the paddle of the electrode.
  • the lower side of the lower foil 12 is adhesively connected to a sponge 16.
  • the sponge 16 may be of any sponge sheet material and in my preferred embodiment is a urethane foam or a similar rubber foam sheet. While not essential to my invention, a sponge saturated with the conductive fluid may be placed inside the bag formed at the foil sheets 11 and 12 with the edges of the foil sheets sealed to each other.
  • the pad may be adhesively mounted in the electrode 7 or 8 which are 18 is bored with a bore 21 and the punch 22 is mounted,
  • a needle limit motion stop is provided in the form of a slot 23' which is mounted a stop pin 24 connected to the needle 23 so that when the head 24' is depressed against the spring 25 the needle punctures the foil sheet 11 and 12 of the bag permitting the material in the bag to saturate the sponge 16 when the electrode is pressed against the body compressing the bag. On reneedle having retracted, it will not injure the patient when pressure is applied.
  • the electrode is provided with a handle 17.
  • the form in FIG. 4 shows an alternative form.
  • the electrode 8 is a hollow member made of plastic or other insulating material with a guard disc 26 and carrying the switch, 1 with the suitable electrical connections connected to the terminal 28.
  • the electrode is connected by means of the electrode terminal 28 which makes contact with the metallic plate 29 to which foil bag is connected.
  • the foils of the bag may be sufficiently weakened at suitable localities as by lease of pressure on head 24' the needle retracts.
  • An electrode for electrocardiac machine comprising a metallic sheet, a handle to which said sheet is mounted, an electrical connection insulated from said handle and electrically connected to said metallic sheet, a closed foil bag having two sides, one side being mounted on said metallic sheet, an electrolyte in said bag, and a sponge connected to the side of the bag opposite to the aforementioned side adhesively connected on said metallic sheet, a retractable punch mounted on said handle adjoining said foil bag, and means connected to said punch for moving said punch through both sides of said foil bag, whereby said punch punctures said bag to permit electrolyte to escape from said bag into said sponge.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to disposable electrode pads which may be used with cardiac devices, such as ECG, defibrillator or pacemaker devices. The pads are in the form of a foil bag containing an electrolyte. The bags are easily rupturable so that the electrolyte is applied to the surface of the human body.

Description

United States Patent [191 Funfstuck July 30, 1974 [54] ELECTRODES EMPLOYING DISPOSABLE 1,667,817 5/1928 Noishiki 128/417 ELECTROPODS FOR CARDIAC 1,849,745 3/1932 Hoffman 128/418 INSTRUMENTS 2,943,627 7/1960 Howell l28/DlG. 4 X 3,487,827 l/l970 Edmark [28/206 E [75] Inventor: Horst Funfstuck, Oxnard, Calif. 3,601,126 8/1971 Estes 128/417 2;:
3,602,216 8/1971 Moe l28/2.06 Asslgneel g Instruments, -1 Oxnard, 3,702,613 1 mm Panico ct al. 1221/41? Filedi 1973 Primary Examinr-Richard A. Gaudet [21] App! 331,050 Assistant Examiner-Lee S. Cohen [52] US. Cl. l28/2.06 E, l28/DlG. 4, 128/417, [57] ABSTRACT [51] lm Cl 5" 2 This invention relates to disposable electrode pads 58] Fieid /2 06 E 2 i E DIG 4 which may be used with cardiac devices, such as ECG, E6 417 @4 6 1 defibrillator or pacemaker devices. The pads are in the form of a foil bag containing an electrolyte. The
bags are easily rupturable so that the electrolyte is ap- [56] g g gg gz plied to thesurface of the human body. 506,449 10/1893 Silsbce 128/1721 l'Claim, 5 Drawing Figures BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In all of the cardiac devices such as E.C.G. defibrillator or pacemaker devices, it is necessary to connect the device to the body of the patient by electrodes spaced from each other on the body. This requires that the electrodes make electrical contact with the body of the patient. It is usual, in this connection, to use creams and sometimes saline salt gauze pads applied to the electrodes to insure adequate electrical contact between the electrodes and the patient and to prevent Iocalized points of contact between the electrodes on the body. This requires preparation of the patient, when under some circumstances, time maybe'extremely critical as for example when defibrillation or pacemaker pulses must be applied. 4
STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION be mounted on the paddle'of the electrode and are easily removed and replaced when once used. The electrolyte may be a saline water or saline viscous of paste-like material or other conductive material used in this art. The pads are attached to the paddle surface by means of an adhesive backing on the side of the foil bag to be placed against the electrode paddle.
Various methods could be used for rupturing the foil bag; for example, the bag could have weak spots such as scoring formed in the foil so that when the paddle places a pressure upon the pad the bag willrupture and apply the electrolyte so that good electrical contact is made with the patient. Alternatively, a mechanical device may be attached to the paddle so that the foil bag is ruptured and the electrolyte issues to create the conductive path.
In order to insure the successful application of the electrolyte between the electrode surface and the body provide 1 may and preferably do provide a sponge, which may be of plastic foam, which is saturated by the electrolyte and which-is placed between the foil bag and the body member when the electrode is applied. This may be and preferably is attached to the side of the bag opposite to that to be placed against the electrode paddle.
DETAILED STATEMENT OF MY INVENTION This and other objects of my invention will be further understood by reference to the figures of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a circuit which is one possible application of my invention.
' FIG. 2 shows one form of the electrode of my invention carrying the disposable pad of my invention.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows a section of another and preferred form of electrode showing the application of the disposable pad of my invention.
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the disposable pad of my invention. I
FIG. 1 shows a circuit for application of my invention to an ECG unit or a defibrillation unit or a combina tion of the two illustrating that combination. Other types of cardiac systems may be employed, for example, the form'described'in Public Health Reports No. 11 November 1966 at page 1,042 and 1,043.
The switch 1 may be'placed in any position but is conveniently mounted upon the electrode, for example, electrode 8 of the electrode pair 7 and 8.The closing of the switch 1 actuates the relay 2 which actuates the switches 3 and 4. As shown, theswitches are in position to connect the high voltage source to the condenser 5 to charge the condenser. When switch I is closed, the relay. pulls the contact from position contacts 3 and 4 to contact'6-and a pulse is applied to the electrodes 7 and 8. The E.C.G. unit 9 is connected to the electrodes 7 and 8m that the heart is monitored at all times and is protected by the capacitor and diodes and resistor system in junction box 10. Since the aforesaid system is not a portion of my invention but merely illustrates onepossible use of my invention, it need not reduce the time and make the preparation of the patient more convenient.
FIG. 2 shows one illustration of an electrode using the disposable pad of my invention. The pads 13 consists of a bag formed of a metallic foil sheet 1'] and 12 which are sealed at the edges at 14 by cementing, crimping or welding the outer edges together; The bag filled with an electrically conductive material 15 such as a saline solution or with a conductive jelly or other equivalent electrically conductive liquid or semi-liquid conductive material for example such as has been used to insure electricalcontact between the electrode and the body. Methods of filling foil bags with material for example, ketchup or mustard, are well known and may be used for this purpose.
The side to be placed against the electrode may be and preferably is coated with an adhesive material for example, a pressure sensitive adhesived for attachment of the bag to the underneath side of the paddle of the electrode. The lower side of the lower foil 12 is adhesively connected to a sponge 16. The sponge 16 may be of any sponge sheet material and in my preferred embodiment is a urethane foam or a similar rubber foam sheet. While not essential to my invention, a sponge saturated with the conductive fluid may be placed inside the bag formed at the foil sheets 11 and 12 with the edges of the foil sheets sealed to each other.
As is illustrates in FIGS. 2 and 3, the pad may be adhesively mounted in the electrode 7 or 8 which are 18 is bored with a bore 21 and the punch 22 is mounted,
7 3- in the ring and carries a needle 23 mounted in the punch 22. A needle limit motion stop is provided in the form of a slot 23' which is mounted a stop pin 24 connected to the needle 23 so that when the head 24' is depressed against the spring 25 the needle punctures the foil sheet 11 and 12 of the bag permitting the material in the bag to saturate the sponge 16 when the electrode is pressed against the body compressing the bag. On reneedle having retracted, it will not injure the patient when pressure is applied. As shown in the form illustrated in FIG. 2 the electrode is provided with a handle 17.
The form in FIG. 4 shows an alternative form. The electrode 8 is a hollow member made of plastic or other insulating material with a guard disc 26 and carrying the switch, 1 with the suitable electrical connections connected to the terminal 28. The electrode is connected by means of the electrode terminal 28 which makes contact with the metallic plate 29 to which foil bag is connected. In this case, the foils of the bag may be sufficiently weakened at suitable localities as by lease of pressure on head 24' the needle retracts. The
scoring so that when pressure is applied to the electrode plate 30 the envelope is compressed and stretched and ruptured at the weakened portions on the surface. Rupture will occur in the foil 12 and permit the fluid to escape to saturate the sponge 16.
I claim:
1. An electrode for electrocardiac machine comprising a metallic sheet, a handle to which said sheet is mounted, an electrical connection insulated from said handle and electrically connected to said metallic sheet, a closed foil bag having two sides, one side being mounted on said metallic sheet, an electrolyte in said bag, and a sponge connected to the side of the bag opposite to the aforementioned side adhesively connected on said metallic sheet, a retractable punch mounted on said handle adjoining said foil bag, and means connected to said punch for moving said punch through both sides of said foil bag, whereby said punch punctures said bag to permit electrolyte to escape from said bag into said sponge.

Claims (1)

1. An electrode for electrocardiac machine comprising a metallic sheet, a handle to which said sheet is mounted, an electrical connection insulated from said handle and electrically connected to said metallic sheet, a closed foil bag having two sides, one side being mounted on said metallic sheet, an electrolyte in said bag, and a sponge connected to the side of the bag opposite to the aforementioned side adhesively connected on said metallic sheet, a retractable punch mounted on said handle adjoining said foil bag, and means connected to said punch for moving said punch through both sides of said foil bag, whereby said punch punctures said bag to permit electrolyte to escape from said bag into said sponge.
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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942533A (en) * 1974-10-17 1976-03-09 Cannon Robert L Iii Cardiac defibrillator depolarizing paddle arrangement
US3961623A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-06-08 Medical Research Laboratories, Inc. Method of using a disposable electrode pad
USD244153S (en) 1976-09-03 1977-04-26 Physio-Control Corporation Defibrillator paddle electrode
US4079731A (en) * 1975-07-03 1978-03-21 Cardiolink Electrodes, Ltd. Medical electrodes
USD249064S (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-08-22 Physio-Control Corporation Portable defibrillator/EKG monitor/EKG recorder
EP0020288A1 (en) * 1979-05-25 1980-12-10 BIOTRONIK Mess- und Therapiegeräte GmbH & Co Ingenieurbüro Berlin Jelly electrode adapted to collect bio-electric signals
US4432367A (en) * 1982-03-03 1984-02-21 Piesinger Gregory H Electrocardiograph receiver
EP0082728A3 (en) * 1981-12-22 1984-09-26 Frantz Medical Development Ltd. Biomedical skin electrode, and method of transferring electrical current
US4693711A (en) * 1981-12-22 1987-09-15 Bremer Roger E Long-life biomedical transcutaneous drug application device and method of transcutaneous application of drugs
US4850356A (en) * 1980-08-08 1989-07-25 Darox Corporation Defibrillator electrode system
US4895169A (en) * 1980-08-08 1990-01-23 Darox Corporation Disposable non-invasive stimulating electrode set
US4928690A (en) * 1988-04-25 1990-05-29 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
GB2240928A (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-08-21 Polymedical Limited Skin contact electrode
US5062426A (en) * 1990-11-26 1991-11-05 Ems Products, Inc. Fetal heart monitor leg plate electrode
US5078134A (en) * 1988-04-25 1992-01-07 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
DE4033863A1 (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-04-23 Bruno Dr Rer Nat Ismer Circuitry detecting and influencing electro-physiological structures - applies electric current by electrodes connected to detection amplifier and via gas discharge tubes in series with input resistance
US5213113A (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-05-25 Physio-Control Corporation Disposable internal electrode with sterilization shield and method of using the same
US5474574A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-12-12 Cardiac Science, Inc. Automatic external cardioverter/defibrillator
US6148233A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-11-14 Cardiac Science, Inc. Defibrillation system having segmented electrodes
US6366795B1 (en) 1999-05-05 2002-04-02 Biosignal Partners Biomedical electrode with vital skin penetration
US20050033397A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-10 Integral Technologies, Inc. Low cost electrical stimulation and shock devices manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials
US20050283219A1 (en) * 2004-06-16 2005-12-22 O'connor Rose M Packaging for medical pads and electrodes
US8441771B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2013-05-14 Taser International, Inc. Electronic weaponry with current spreading electrode
US8587918B2 (en) 2010-07-23 2013-11-19 Taser International, Inc. Systems and methods for electrodes for insulative electronic weaponry
US8965500B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2015-02-24 Zoll Medical Corporation Wearable defibrillator with audio input/output
US9126055B2 (en) 2012-04-20 2015-09-08 Cardiac Science Corporation AED faster time to shock method and device
US9204813B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2015-12-08 Zoll Medical Corporation Method of detecting signal clipping in a wearable ambulatory medical device
US9408548B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2016-08-09 Zoll Medical Corporation Selection of optimal channel for rate determination
US10646707B2 (en) 2017-11-30 2020-05-12 Zoll Medical Corporation Medical devices with rapid sensor recovery
US10729900B2 (en) 2016-03-29 2020-08-04 Zoll Medical Corporation Configurable electrodes and sensors
US10960213B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2021-03-30 Zoll Medical Corporation Verification of cardiac arrhythmia prior to therapeutic stimulation

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US506449A (en) * 1893-10-10 Method of treating diseases electrically
US1667817A (en) * 1926-10-05 1928-05-01 Noishiki Yoshitoshi Electrode
US1849745A (en) * 1930-09-04 1932-03-15 Herman S Hoffman Electrode device
US2943627A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-07-05 William L Howell Electrode
US3487827A (en) * 1968-01-24 1970-01-06 Physio Control Corp Electrode for electromedical equipment
US3601126A (en) * 1969-01-08 1971-08-24 Electro Medical Systems Inc High frequency electrosurgical apparatus
US3602216A (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-08-31 United Aircraft Corp Paste dispensing body electrode
US3702613A (en) * 1971-03-04 1972-11-14 Health Systems Inc Electrolyte envelope for use on the active surface of a defibrillator paddle

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US506449A (en) * 1893-10-10 Method of treating diseases electrically
US1667817A (en) * 1926-10-05 1928-05-01 Noishiki Yoshitoshi Electrode
US1849745A (en) * 1930-09-04 1932-03-15 Herman S Hoffman Electrode device
US2943627A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-07-05 William L Howell Electrode
US3487827A (en) * 1968-01-24 1970-01-06 Physio Control Corp Electrode for electromedical equipment
US3601126A (en) * 1969-01-08 1971-08-24 Electro Medical Systems Inc High frequency electrosurgical apparatus
US3602216A (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-08-31 United Aircraft Corp Paste dispensing body electrode
US3702613A (en) * 1971-03-04 1972-11-14 Health Systems Inc Electrolyte envelope for use on the active surface of a defibrillator paddle

Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3942533A (en) * 1974-10-17 1976-03-09 Cannon Robert L Iii Cardiac defibrillator depolarizing paddle arrangement
US3961623A (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-06-08 Medical Research Laboratories, Inc. Method of using a disposable electrode pad
US4079731A (en) * 1975-07-03 1978-03-21 Cardiolink Electrodes, Ltd. Medical electrodes
USD244153S (en) 1976-09-03 1977-04-26 Physio-Control Corporation Defibrillator paddle electrode
USD249064S (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-08-22 Physio-Control Corporation Portable defibrillator/EKG monitor/EKG recorder
EP0020288A1 (en) * 1979-05-25 1980-12-10 BIOTRONIK Mess- und Therapiegeräte GmbH & Co Ingenieurbüro Berlin Jelly electrode adapted to collect bio-electric signals
US4850356A (en) * 1980-08-08 1989-07-25 Darox Corporation Defibrillator electrode system
US4895169A (en) * 1980-08-08 1990-01-23 Darox Corporation Disposable non-invasive stimulating electrode set
EP0082728A3 (en) * 1981-12-22 1984-09-26 Frantz Medical Development Ltd. Biomedical skin electrode, and method of transferring electrical current
US4693711A (en) * 1981-12-22 1987-09-15 Bremer Roger E Long-life biomedical transcutaneous drug application device and method of transcutaneous application of drugs
US4432367A (en) * 1982-03-03 1984-02-21 Piesinger Gregory H Electrocardiograph receiver
EP0339471A3 (en) * 1988-04-25 1991-11-27 Lifecor, Inc. (Pennsylvania Corporation) Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
US4928690A (en) * 1988-04-25 1990-05-29 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
US5078134A (en) * 1988-04-25 1992-01-07 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
GB2240928A (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-08-21 Polymedical Limited Skin contact electrode
EP0459239A3 (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-05-20 Lifecor, Inc. Portable device for sensing cardiac function and automatically delivering electrical therapy
DE4033863A1 (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-04-23 Bruno Dr Rer Nat Ismer Circuitry detecting and influencing electro-physiological structures - applies electric current by electrodes connected to detection amplifier and via gas discharge tubes in series with input resistance
US5062426A (en) * 1990-11-26 1991-11-05 Ems Products, Inc. Fetal heart monitor leg plate electrode
US5213113A (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-05-25 Physio-Control Corporation Disposable internal electrode with sterilization shield and method of using the same
US5474574A (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-12-12 Cardiac Science, Inc. Automatic external cardioverter/defibrillator
US6148233A (en) * 1997-03-07 2000-11-14 Cardiac Science, Inc. Defibrillation system having segmented electrodes
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