US3824094A - Method of inhibiting the growth of tobacco suckers - Google Patents

Method of inhibiting the growth of tobacco suckers Download PDF

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US3824094A
US3824094A US00443106A US44310665A US3824094A US 3824094 A US3824094 A US 3824094A US 00443106 A US00443106 A US 00443106A US 44310665 A US44310665 A US 44310665A US 3824094 A US3824094 A US 3824094A
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tobacco
growth
fatty alcohols
sucker
topped
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US00443106A
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T Tso
G Steffens
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US Department of Agriculture USDA
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Priority to CA955,790A priority patent/CA1023164A/en
Priority to ES0324669A priority patent/ES324669A1/en
Priority to BR178208/66A priority patent/BR6678208D0/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds

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  • This invention relates to a method and compositions V for controlling the growth of suckers in tobacco plants.
  • An object of this invention is to provide compounds which can efi'ectively inhibit sucker development without any undesirable side effects on the tobacco leaves.
  • the objectives are achieved by applying, to the upper parts of topped tobacco plants, a C to C saturated fatty alcohol, either individually or mixtures thereof.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the discovery that, when these alcohols are mixed with amounts of synthetic growth regulators which are ordinarily too small for efiective control, excellent inhibition of sucker development is achieved.
  • the fatty alcohol or mixture is emulsified in water in the presence of a wetting agent and sprayed onto the upper part of topped tobacco plants.
  • composition number Fatty alcohols 1 99% C8 (n-octanol), 0.6% Cm (n-decanol).
  • EXAMPLE 1 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 1, substantially pure (99%) n-octanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified, and then sprayed onto the top of the decapitated plant. The area covered by spraying was about eight inches in diameter. This solution was permitted to drain down along the stem of the plant.
  • This application (1 ml.) gave 100% sucker control of Maryland Catterton tobacco grown at Marlboro, Md., and an average of 83% (1 ml.) and 91% (2 ml.) of sucker control, of four types of tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
  • EXAMPLE 2 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 2, containing about 97% n-decanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified, and then sprayed as described previously.
  • This composition gave 100% (1 and 2 ml.) sucker control at Marlboro, Md., on Maryland Catterton tobacco, and an average of 92% (1 ml.) and 95% (2 ml.) sucker control of four types tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
  • EXAMPLE 3 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 3, containing about 97% n-dodecanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified, and then sprayed as described previously.
  • This composition gave 99.4% (1 ml.) sucker control at Marlboro, Md., on Maryland Catterton tobacco, and an average of 46% (1 ml.) and 70% (2 ml.) sucker control of four types of tobacco grown at Beltsville,. Md.
  • EXAMPLE 4 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 6, predominantly dodecanol, and comprising a mixture of fatty alcohols (1% C 7% C3, C10, C12, C14, C16, and C mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified and sprayed as described previously, gave. 91% (1 ml.) and 100% (2 ml.) sucker control on Maryland Catterton tobacco grown at Upper Marlboro, Md.
  • EXAMPLE 5 2 ml. of Composition No. 7, predominantly octanol, and comprising a mixture of fatty alcohols (4% C 54% C 40% C10, 1% C12, and 1% C mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent and made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified and sprayed as described previously, gave 99.3% sucker control on Maryland Catterton tobacco grown at Upper Marlboro, Md.
  • Emulsions were prepared as described above, using 0.5 ml. portions of Composition Nos. 1 and 2 to which were TABLE III Percent of sucker control of various fatty alcohols Variety, percent Conn. Average Composltlon broad- Burley Maryland 4 types, number Composition Hicks leaf 21 Catterton percent Control, topped, not suckered 0 0 0 0 Malclc hydrazide, 170 Ing./plant 7G 91 95 94 89 1 ml. 03 88 67 88 88 83 1 ml. Cro 75 95 100 99 92 1 ml. C14 46 7 70 60 46 1 ml. 54% C5, 40% O 81 87 67 90 81 1 ml.
  • CIPC isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate, per 20 ml. of solution.
  • 99 to 100% sucker inhibition was achieved.
  • the amounts of CIPC were about one-tenth and one-fifth, respectively, the amounts of that agent normally required to obtain effective inhibition.
  • EXAMPLE 7 From 50 to 100 p.p.m. of CIPC were added to 20 ml. portions of a 2.5% emulsion of Compositions Nos. 1 and 2, prepared as previously described. These were sprayed onto tobacco plants having newly formed flower buds. Both the flower buds and axillary buds were destroyed. By this procedure it was possible to prevent blossoming and to inhibit the development of suckers.
  • Field rating as shown in Table 2 is a relative evaluation of the plant appearance in the field after treatment, as judged by leaf damage, general plant development, and other physical characteristics, 5 being the highest rating.
  • Table III shows the results of fatty alcohol treatment on four types of tobacco, including flue-cured, Hicks, Cigar type, Connecticut Broadleaf; Burley type, Burley In addition to the naturally occurring even-numbered fatty alcohols, odd-numbered fatty alcohols such as nnonyl and related derivatives were also tested. Varying degrees of effectiveness in sucker control were observed.
  • a method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped tobacco plants a saturated C to C fatty alcohol in an amount effective to prevent growth of axillary buds.
  • a method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped tobacco plants a member of the group consisting of a saturated C to C fatty alcohol and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to prevent growth axillary buds.
  • a method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped to- FOREIGN PATENTS bacco plants an effective amount of a saturated C to 5 623,410 7/ 1961 Canada- C18 my OTHER REFERENCES References Clted Tso et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 13 #1, January-Feb- UNITED STATES PATENTS ruary19 ,PP- 3,205,os9 9/1965 Roberts 71-2.? 10 3,220,823 11/1965 Mihara et a1. 71 -217 JAMES THOMAS, 111-, Prlmary Exammer 2,585,875 5/1952 Swaney et a1. 71--2.6

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Abstract

THIS INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE GROWTH OF SUCKERS IN TOBACCO PLANTS WITH CERTAIN C6 TO C18 SATURATED FATTY ALCOHOLS.

Description

US. Cl. 71 -78 United States Patent Oifice Spring, Md., assignors to the United States of America v as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture No Drawing. Filed Mar. 26, 1965, Ser. No. 443,106 Int. Cl. A01n 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of suckers in tobacco plants with certain C to C saturated fatty alcohols.
A non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the world for all purposes of the United States Government, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.
This invention relates to a method and compositions V for controlling the growth of suckers in tobacco plants.
More particularly, it relates to the use of certain fatty alcohols and mixtures to control the growth of suckers, as well as to the use of these alcohols in combination with certain synthetic growth-control substances.
In usual practice of tobacco production, when plants are near the maturity stage, the flowers and several adin commercial use, other metabolic changes are induced which are considered to lower the quality of the tobacco.
In addition, there is some evidence of undesirable residues of these agents in the leaf tissue when amounts suflicient to achieve adequate control are used.
An object of this invention is to provide compounds which can efi'ectively inhibit sucker development without any undesirable side effects on the tobacco leaves. Other objects will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention which follows.
In general, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, the objectives are achieved by applying, to the upper parts of topped tobacco plants, a C to C saturated fatty alcohol, either individually or mixtures thereof. Another aspect of the invention relates to the discovery that, when these alcohols are mixed with amounts of synthetic growth regulators which are ordinarily too small for efiective control, excellent inhibition of sucker development is achieved.
In the practice of this invention, the fatty alcohol or mixture is emulsified in water in the presence of a wetting agent and sprayed onto the upper part of topped tobacco plants. Although all of the C to C saturated fatty alcohols have been found to be eifective, best results were obtained with the C alcohols.
. The following examples are illustrative of the invention. It will be readily apparent from the widely-varying compositions that substantially any individual alcohol or mixture of alcohols within the C to C range will achieve sucker control.
3,824,094 Patented July 16, 1974 Table I, below, lists the various fatty alcohols used in the illustrative examples:
TABLE 1 Composition 1 number Fatty alcohols 1 99% C8 (n-octanol), 0.6% Cm (n-decanol).
2 97% C10 (n-decanol), 0.6% C (n-octanol), 1.3% Cu (ndodecanol).
3 97% C12 (n-dodecanol), 2% C14 (n-tetradecanol), 1%
C10 (n-decanol).
4 67% C12 (n-dodeeanol), 26% C14 (n-tetradecanol), 6% C1 (n-hexadecanol), 1% Cu; (n.decano1).
5 55% C12 (n-dodecanol), 21% C14 (n-tetradecanol), 10%
Cr (n-octanol). 8% C10 (n-decanol), 5% Cu: (hexadecanol), 1% Ct (n-hexanol).
0 40% C11 (dodecanol), 28% C14 (n-tetradecanol), 15% Cu (n-hexadecanol), 7% Ca (noctanol), 6% C10 (n-decanol), 3% 01a (n-octadecanol), 1% C6 (n-hexanol).
7 54% Ca (n-octanol), 40% C10 (n-decanol), 4% Cs (nhexanol), 1% On (dodecanol), 1% C14 (n-tetradeeanol).
EXAMPLE 1 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 1, substantially pure (99%) n-octanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified, and then sprayed onto the top of the decapitated plant. The area covered by spraying was about eight inches in diameter. This solution was permitted to drain down along the stem of the plant. This application (1 ml.) gave 100% sucker control of Maryland Catterton tobacco grown at Marlboro, Md., and an average of 83% (1 ml.) and 91% (2 ml.) of sucker control, of four types of tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
EXAMPLE 2 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 2, containing about 97% n-decanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified, and then sprayed as described previously. This composition gave 100% (1 and 2 ml.) sucker control at Marlboro, Md., on Maryland Catterton tobacco, and an average of 92% (1 ml.) and 95% (2 ml.) sucker control of four types tobacco grown at Beltsville, Md.
EXAMPLE 3 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 3, containing about 97% n-dodecanol was mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified, and then sprayed as described previously. This composition gave 99.4% (1 ml.) sucker control at Marlboro, Md., on Maryland Catterton tobacco, and an average of 46% (1 ml.) and 70% (2 ml.) sucker control of four types of tobacco grown at Beltsville,. Md.
EXAMPLE 4 1 or 2 ml. of Composition No. 6, predominantly dodecanol, and comprising a mixture of fatty alcohols (1% C 7% C3, C10, C12, C14, C16, and C mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent, made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified and sprayed as described previously, gave. 91% (1 ml.) and 100% (2 ml.) sucker control on Maryland Catterton tobacco grown at Upper Marlboro, Md.
EXAMPLE 5 2 ml. of Composition No. 7, predominantly octanol, and comprising a mixture of fatty alcohols (4% C 54% C 40% C10, 1% C12, and 1% C mixed with 0.24 to 0.45 ml. of a wetting agent and made up to 30 ml. with water, emulsified and sprayed as described previously, gave 99.3% sucker control on Maryland Catterton tobacco grown at Upper Marlboro, Md.
The following examples illustrate the synergistic eifect produced when the fatty alcohols are mixed with synthetic growth inhibitors which, if used alone in effective con- 3 centrations, cause leaf deformities and changes in tobacco quality.
EXAMPLE 6 Emulsions were prepared as described above, using 0.5 ml. portions of Composition Nos. 1 and 2 to which were TABLE III Percent of sucker control of various fatty alcohols Variety, percent Conn. Average Composltlon broad- Burley Maryland 4 types, number Composition Hicks leaf 21 Catterton percent Control, topped, not suckered 0 0 0 0 Malclc hydrazide, 170 Ing./plant 7G 91 95 94 89 1 ml. 03 88 67 88 88 83 1 ml. Cro 75 95 100 99 92 1 ml. C14 46 7 70 60 46 1 ml. 54% C5, 40% O 81 87 67 90 81 1 ml. 67% C12, 26% C14- 40 17 84 74 54 1 ml. 55% C12, 21% C14 85 73 95 83 84 1 ml. 40% C12, 28% C14, 15% Cu 54 12 65 46 44 2 m Cg 77 95 91 99 91 2 ml. C1o 96 96 89 100 95 2 ml C12 4-- 50 38 98 92 7O 2 ml 54% Cr, 40% C1 97 93 100 100 98 2 ml 67% C12, 26% 61 22 93 87 66 2 ml. 55% C11, 21% C14-.. 92 85 95 98 93 2 H11. 40% C12, 28% C1 15% C100.-. 61 32 91 92 69 added 15 and 30 mg. of CIPC, isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate, per 20 ml. of solution. When sprayed on decapitated tobacco plants, 99 to 100% sucker inhibition was achieved. The amounts of CIPC were about one-tenth and one-fifth, respectively, the amounts of that agent normally required to obtain effective inhibition.
EXAMPLE 7 From 50 to 100 p.p.m. of CIPC were added to 20 ml. portions of a 2.5% emulsion of Compositions Nos. 1 and 2, prepared as previously described. These were sprayed onto tobacco plants having newly formed flower buds. Both the flower buds and axillary buds were destroyed. By this procedure it was possible to prevent blossoming and to inhibit the development of suckers.
Table II, below, summarizes the results of tests on Maryland tobacco grown at Upper Marlboro, Md., in 1964, and shows the percent of sucker inhibition by various compositions. These data are average of 40 plants. Percent of sucker inhibition is calculated from topped, but
not suckered, control plants.
TABLE II Fatty alcohols on Maryland tobacco, Marlboro, Md., 1964 Composition Percent Field No. Treatment control rating Control, topped, not suckered 0 1 1 ml. 99% Cg, 0.6% C10 100 2 1 ml. 97% Cm, 0.6% G8, 1.3% C12 100 5 2ml. 97% Cw, 0.6% Ca, 1.3% 0 100 4 111'11- C10, 97% C12, 2% C14 99.4 2. 5 1 m1. 1% C10, 67% C12, 26% C14, 6% 010-. 94. 8 2. 5 1 ml. 1% Cu, Ca, 8% C10, 55% 0 98.6 4+
14, 5% Cm. 6 1 ml. 1% Cs, 7% C3, 6% C10, 40% C11, 91.0 2.5
28% C14, C16, a. 2 ml. 1% 0., 7% 0t, 6% C10, 40% C12, 100 2.5
28% C 15% C10, 3% C18. 7... 1 ml. 4% 0., 54% 0,, 40% Cu), 1% Cu, 97.4 5
l4- 7 2 mi 4% 0,, 54% c8, 40% C10, 1% Cu, 99.3 4.5
14. 7 a mi 4% ca, 54% 08, 40% Cm, 1% C12, 100 4 14' Male ic hydrazide, 170 mgJplant 93. 6 5
From experimental results, fatty alcohols with various carbon chain lengths appeared to show little variability in their effectiveness on sucker control. Field rating as shown in Table 2, is a relative evaluation of the plant appearance in the field after treatment, as judged by leaf damage, general plant development, and other physical characteristics, 5 being the highest rating.
Table III shows the results of fatty alcohol treatment on four types of tobacco, including flue-cured, Hicks, Cigar type, Connecticut Broadleaf; Burley type, Burley In addition to the naturally occurring even-numbered fatty alcohols, odd-numbered fatty alcohols such as nnonyl and related derivatives were also tested. Varying degrees of effectiveness in sucker control were observed.
Without wishing to be bound by any theory of why the present invention achieves the above-described results, it appears that the meristematic and diffe rtiating cells of axillary buds are destroyed when contacted by the fatty alcohols, but the cells in the advanced stages of maturity are not affected. Fatty alcohols so used do not damage the tobacco leaves when destroying the axillary buds. Many fatty acid esters and alcohols are found in tobacco leaves and seeds. Thus the application of fatty alcohols for tobacco sucker control will not result in the introduction of substances which are foreign to the composition of the tobacco.
From the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, it can be seen that the proportions of the C to C fatty alcohols set forth in Table I may be varied as desired or as dictated by the availability of naturally or artificially compounded mixtures of these alcohols.
Having described our invention, what we now claim is:
1. A method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped tobacco plants a saturated C to C fatty alcohol in an amount effective to prevent growth of axillary buds.
2. A method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped tobacco plants a member of the group consisting of a saturated C to C fatty alcohol and mixtures thereof in an amount effective to prevent growth axillary buds.
3. The process of Claim 1 wherein the fatty alcohol is applied as an aqueous emulsion.
4. The process of Claim 2 wherein the fatty alcohol is applied as an aqueous emulsion.
5. The process of Claim 1 wherein there is applied to the topped tobacco plant an aqueous emulsion of octanol.
6. The process of Claim 1 wherein there is applied to the topped tobacco plant an aqueous emulsion of decanol.
7. The process of Claim 1 wherein there is applied to the topped tobacco plant an aqueous emulsion of dodecanol.
8. The process of Claim 2 wherein there is applied to the topped tobacco plant a mixture of C and C fatty alcohols.
9. The process of Claim 2 wherein there is applied to the topped tobacco plant a mixture of C and C fatty alcohols.
5 6 10. The process of Claim 2 wherein there is applied 2,622,976 12/1952 Hitchcock 712.7 to the topped tobacco plant a mixture of C C and 2,789,044 4/1957 Steinmetz 71--2.7 C fatty alcohols. 2,876,089 3/1959 Brugman et al 71-2.6
11. A method of inhibiting the growth of suckers in tobacco plants which comprises applying to topped to- FOREIGN PATENTS bacco plants an effective amount of a saturated C to 5 623,410 7/ 1961 Canada- C18 my OTHER REFERENCES References Clted Tso et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 13 #1, January-Feb- UNITED STATES PATENTS ruary19 ,PP- 3,205,os9 9/1965 Roberts 71-2.? 10 3,220,823 11/1965 Mihara et a1. 71 -217 JAMES THOMAS, 111-, Prlmary Exammer 2,585,875 5/1952 Swaney et a1. 71--2.6
US00443106A 1965-03-26 1965-03-26 Method of inhibiting the growth of tobacco suckers Expired - Lifetime US3824094A (en)

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US00443106A US3824094A (en) 1965-03-26 1965-03-26 Method of inhibiting the growth of tobacco suckers
CA955,790A CA1023164A (en) 1965-03-26 1966-03-24 Method and compositions for tobacco sucker control
ES0324669A ES324669A1 (en) 1965-03-26 1966-03-25 A procedure to inhibit the growth of outbreaks in tobacco plants. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
BR178208/66A BR6678208D0 (en) 1965-03-26 1966-03-25 PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR THE CONTROL OF PARASITES AND TOBACCO
CA229,351A CA1007479A (en) 1965-03-26 1975-06-16 Method and carbamate-containing composition for tobacco sucker control

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4077796A (en) * 1975-02-14 1978-03-07 Fairmount Chemical Company, Inc. Tobacco sucker control agent and method
US4175945A (en) * 1976-02-19 1979-11-27 Rohm And Haas Company Benzophenones and benzhydrols
USRE30216E (en) * 1975-02-14 1980-02-19 Fairmount Chemical Company, Inc. Tobacco sucker control agent and method
US4219350A (en) * 1978-08-17 1980-08-26 Celanese Corporation 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol as a chemical pinching agent
US4272277A (en) * 1980-07-22 1981-06-09 Celanese Corporation 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol as a chemical pinching agent
FR2566624A1 (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-03 Atkemix Inc Alkoxylated fatty alcohols which are used as axillary bud inhibitors on tobacco plants
US5424272A (en) * 1991-10-07 1995-06-13 Chang; In-Kook Fatty alcohol composition and method for controlling axillary and terminal buds of agronomic, horticultural and forestry crops
US5631290A (en) * 1993-02-18 1997-05-20 W. Neudorff Gmbh Fatty acid salt pesticidal composition
WO1998051148A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. Chemical pinching method and composition

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4077796A (en) * 1975-02-14 1978-03-07 Fairmount Chemical Company, Inc. Tobacco sucker control agent and method
USRE30216E (en) * 1975-02-14 1980-02-19 Fairmount Chemical Company, Inc. Tobacco sucker control agent and method
US4175945A (en) * 1976-02-19 1979-11-27 Rohm And Haas Company Benzophenones and benzhydrols
US4219350A (en) * 1978-08-17 1980-08-26 Celanese Corporation 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol as a chemical pinching agent
US4272277A (en) * 1980-07-22 1981-06-09 Celanese Corporation 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol as a chemical pinching agent
FR2566624A1 (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-03 Atkemix Inc Alkoxylated fatty alcohols which are used as axillary bud inhibitors on tobacco plants
US5424272A (en) * 1991-10-07 1995-06-13 Chang; In-Kook Fatty alcohol composition and method for controlling axillary and terminal buds of agronomic, horticultural and forestry crops
US5631290A (en) * 1993-02-18 1997-05-20 W. Neudorff Gmbh Fatty acid salt pesticidal composition
WO1998051148A1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. Chemical pinching method and composition

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CA1023164A (en) 1977-12-27
BR6678208D0 (en) 1973-09-04
ES324669A1 (en) 1967-04-01

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