US3821897A - Pressure sensing probe - Google Patents

Pressure sensing probe Download PDF

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Publication number
US3821897A
US3821897A US29840872A US3821897A US 3821897 A US3821897 A US 3821897A US 29840872 A US29840872 A US 29840872A US 3821897 A US3821897 A US 3821897A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
pressure
diaphragm
housing
probe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
W Frazel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SPX Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
General Signal Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Signal Corp filed Critical General Signal Corp
Priority to US29840872 priority Critical patent/US3821897A/en
Priority to CA171,011A priority patent/CA982848A/en
Priority to GB3861373A priority patent/GB1408805A/en
Priority to AR24984873A priority patent/AR197827A1/es
Priority to IT5274373A priority patent/IT994328B/it
Priority to JP11375373A priority patent/JPS4975186A/ja
Priority to AU61360/73A priority patent/AU487491B2/en
Priority to FR7336663A priority patent/FR2203074B1/fr
Priority to DE2351940A priority patent/DE2351940C3/de
Priority to SE7314056A priority patent/SE395188B/xx
Priority to BR810273A priority patent/BR7308102D0/pt
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3821897A publication Critical patent/US3821897A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/38—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction the pressure or differential pressure being measured by means of a movable element, e.g. diaphragm, piston, Bourdon tube or flexible capsule
    • G01F1/386—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction the pressure or differential pressure being measured by means of a movable element, e.g. diaphragm, piston, Bourdon tube or flexible capsule with mechanical or fluidic indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/004—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by the use of counterbalancing forces
    • G01L11/006—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by the use of counterbalancing forces hydraulic or pneumatic counterbalancing forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2278—Pressure modulating relays or followers
    • Y10T137/2409—With counter-balancing pressure feedback to the modulating device

Definitions

  • the other end of the biasing spring is attached to an armature stem guide fixedly secured within the cavity of the housing which maintains the spring in constant tension
  • the armature also has a stem that passes downwardly within the biasing spring and through the armature stem guide.
  • the lower end of the armature stem acts as a flapper which when the armature stem is raised and lowered varies the 'flow of fluid through the exhaust nozzle positioned beneath the flapper to control the amount of fluid passing outwardly through the fluid exhaust'port.
  • a fluid supply regulator is connected to the fluid supply port and a fluid exhaust regulator is connected to the fluid exhaust port in order to control the pressure of the fluid supplied through the orifice to the fluid cavity of the probe and to control the pressure of the fluid exhausted through the nozzle from the fluid cavity'of the probe.
  • the fluid output pressure port is also connected directly to each,
  • the function of theprobe is to reproduce exactly in fluid pressure the changes in the fluid pressure to which the sensing diaphragm is exposed.
  • the probe output pressure reading will always be greater than the actual fluid pressure if the diaphragm is preset with an inward bias by the biasing spring. This probe biasing allows negative fluid pressures to be read out on the instrument as positive fluid pressures, thus enabling it to deal with negative heads of pressure.
  • a differential producer such as a Venturi tube which allows inferential determination of flow rate by measurement of pressure differential.
  • the general configuration of the Venturi tube and other similar devices, and their theory of operation are well known in the art.
  • piezometer holes are usually drilled in the wall of the device communicating with the interior at two prescribed points, namely the inlet and thethroat. Pipes commonly lead from these pressure .taps to an external secondary device which may display the differential pressure and/or convert it to an analogous signal which may be pneumatic, electric, etc., in nature.
  • the required new housing fluid pressure is produced by a slight decrease in flapper-nozzle separation.
  • the flapper assumes a new slightly-changed position relative to the nozzle.
  • the pressure within the probe With given supply and exhaust pressures, given orifice and nozzle sizes, and a given position of the'flapper with respect to the nozzle within its throttling range, the pressure within the probe will be at some intermediate value between supply and exhaust pressures. Then if both supply and exhaust pres-.
  • the output pressure of the probe is used as a pilot pressure for the pair of fluid control regulators, one
  • FIG. 3A is a magnified view of the end-of the pressure sensing probe having the diaphragm located therein;
  • the diameter of the inner bore would be substantially the same as the outer diameter of the neck 12 of the pressure sensing probe.
  • a portion of outer bore 24 would be threaded as at 25 to receive the threading on gland bushing 28.
  • Bushing 28 would have a bore 29 whose diameter would be substantially the same as a portion of the pressure sensing probe that would be inserted through bore 29.
  • An annular channel 30 would be formed in this bore to receive an O-ring 32 in order to provide a pressure tight seal to prevent Another probe would be similarly installed at the sec-.
  • the armature stem is of such length that with the diaphragm initsneutral position (so that its outer surface is exactly flat) the face 48 of the free end of the stem centered by the armature stem guide 44 is positioned approximate to the face of the exhaust nozzle 46.
  • the pressure within the probe will be at some intermediate value between supply and exhaust pressures. If both supply and exhaust pressures are changed by exactly the same given amount, the intermediate pressure will also change by exactly the given amount without requiring any change whatsoever in flapper position relative to the nozzle since pressure drop across the system' and therefore fluid flow through the system and pressure drop across the orifice, will all remain constant.
  • the latter can be made to follow pressure changes acting on the outside surface of the diaphragm without any sustained position changes of the flapper and the asso-.
  • the output pressure P of the probe is used as a pilot pressure for a pair of fluid control regulators 60 and 62.
  • Regulator 60 maintains fluid pressure at the supply port of the probe and regulator 62 maintains fluid pressure at the exhaust port 19.
  • the supply regulator 60 is spring biased by a value C to maintain its downstream pressure at a value always a selected increment above its pilot pressure.
  • the exhaust regulator 62 is biased by a value C to maintain its upstream pressure at a value always a selected increment below its pilot pressure. Both regulators control fluid flow to accomplish this regulation. Construction and operation of regulators, the function of which are described above, are well known in the art and are commercially available. Therefore description of their operation will not be detailed here.
  • the pressure sensing probe system shown in duplicate in FIG. 1 produces an output pressure, changes in which follow in a one-to-one relationship to changes in pressure applied to the outside surface of diaphragm 18. In equilibrium it is an essentially perfect null balance device, hence it has no error proportional to magnitude of the pressure measured. Resolution is infinite. It may be biased to produce an output pressure higher or lower than the measuredpressure by any selected constant amount. .
  • the probes speed of response is a function of orifice and nozzle size which determine maximum rates of rise and fall respectively of pressure within the probe and any connected dead-end system.
  • FIG. 4 An alternative pressure sensing probe construction is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the supply fluid enters the probe through nozzle 146 and exhausts through orifice a.
  • Analysis similar to the foregoing shows that the operation of this type probe is equivalent to that of the probe shown in FIG. 3 where the supply fluid enters through the orifice 15a and exhausts through the nozzle 46.
  • nozzle flapper operation is the reverse of that of FIG. 3, in that an inwardly moving diaphragm moves the flapper 148 away from the nozzle, not toward it.
  • This embodiment additionally has a centering diaphragm for mounting the stem 141 and a bias adjusting stem 154 attached to one end of biasing spring 149.
  • a protective cap 156 covers the endof the bias adjusting stem.
  • the remaining elements of the alternative pressure sensingprobe are essentially the same as that of the probe described in FIG. 3 with the numbers of the elements in FIG. 4 all being preceded by a one hundred numeral.
  • the probe may be used in any application where pressure must be sensed, particularly where highly precise 'results are required. It may, for instance, be used to gage levels in Parshall flumes, weirs, Kennison nozzles, etc., or in tanks, reservoirs, standpipes, wells, etc. It may be used for pressure, level, flow, etc. measurement of dangerous as well as solids-bearing fluids. Many other applications are possible and practical.
  • a pressure sensing probe comprising a housing, an elastic diaphragm located in one wall of said housing, an interior cavity formed in said housing, at least a portion of the inner face of said diaphragm being in communication with said interior cavity, a fluid supply port formed in a wall of said housing with saidfluid supply port being in communication with said interior cavity, a fluid output pressure port formed in a wall of; said housing with said fluid output pressure port being in communication with said interior cavity, v a fluid exhaust port formed in a wall of said housing with said fluid exhaust port being in communication with said interior cavity, means including ,a nozzle between the supply and exhaust ports and a flapper to vary the fluid flow through said cavity, said flapper coupled to said diaphragm, f a fluid supply regulator connected to said fluid supply port and a fluid exhaust pressure regulator connected to said fluid exhaust port and means connecting said fluid output pressure port to each of said regulators, said fluid supply regulator maintaining fluid supply pressure to said fluid supply port a fixed increment above the pressure at said output pressure port and
  • a pressure sensing probe as recited in claim 1 further comprising means for biasing said diaphragm comprising an armature attached to the inner face of said diaphragm and a biasing spring having its one end attached to said armature and its other end attached to spring anchoring means on said housing.
  • a pressure sensing probe as recited in claim 3 including a centering diaphragm in said cavity wherein the lower end of the armature passes through said centering diaphragm to which it is secured.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
US29840872 1972-10-17 1972-10-17 Pressure sensing probe Expired - Lifetime US3821897A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29840872 US3821897A (en) 1972-10-17 1972-10-17 Pressure sensing probe
CA171,011A CA982848A (en) 1972-10-17 1973-05-11 Pressure sensing probe
GB3861373A GB1408805A (en) 1972-10-17 1973-08-15 Pressure sensing probe
AR24984873A AR197827A1 (es) 1972-10-17 1973-08-30 Sonda piezometrica
IT5274373A IT994328B (it) 1972-10-17 1973-09-25 Perfezionamento nelle sonde rilevatrici di pressione
JP11375373A JPS4975186A (show.php) 1972-10-17 1973-10-09
AU61360/73A AU487491B2 (en) 1972-10-17 1973-10-15 Pressure sensing probe
FR7336663A FR2203074B1 (show.php) 1972-10-17 1973-10-15
DE2351940A DE2351940C3 (de) 1972-10-17 1973-10-16 Druckmeßsonde
SE7314056A SE395188B (sv) 1972-10-17 1973-10-16 Tryckmetsond samt anordning bestaende av tva sadana tryckmetsonder anbrin
BR810273A BR7308102D0 (pt) 1972-10-17 1973-10-17 Sonda sensora de pressao

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29840872 US3821897A (en) 1972-10-17 1972-10-17 Pressure sensing probe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3821897A true US3821897A (en) 1974-07-02

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ID=23150383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US29840872 Expired - Lifetime US3821897A (en) 1972-10-17 1972-10-17 Pressure sensing probe

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3821897A (show.php)
JP (1) JPS4975186A (show.php)
AR (1) AR197827A1 (show.php)
BR (1) BR7308102D0 (show.php)
CA (1) CA982848A (show.php)
DE (1) DE2351940C3 (show.php)
FR (1) FR2203074B1 (show.php)
GB (1) GB1408805A (show.php)
IT (1) IT994328B (show.php)
SE (1) SE395188B (show.php)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934471A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-01-27 Percy William White Flow monitoring system
US4671109A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-06-09 D. Halmi And Associates, Inc. Flow measuring device for liquids bearing entrained solids
US6021677A (en) * 1997-08-15 2000-02-08 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Pipeline system for the controlled distribution of a flowing medium and method for operating such a pipeline system
CN107202613A (zh) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-26 罗斯蒙特公司 用于一次性容器的流量测量系统
US20170284604A1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-10-05 Instrument Solutions Inc. System, method, and apparatus for regulating the flow of gas
US10584309B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2020-03-10 Rosemount Inc. Pressure transducer for single-use containers
CN111323161A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-23 罗斯蒙特航天公司 集成光学压力的大气数据探针
US10836990B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2020-11-17 Cyberoptics Corporation Sensor interface for single-use containers
US11371902B2 (en) 2019-12-27 2022-06-28 Rosemount Inc. Process venting feature for use in sensor applications with a process fluid barrier

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090397A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-05-23 Slope Indicator Co. Pneumatic transducer for underground burial
DE102009045372A1 (de) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-07 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Durchflussmessanordnung und Verfahren zu deren Funktionsüberwachung
JP5773800B2 (ja) * 2011-08-19 2015-09-02 株式会社アサヒ・エンタープライズ 圧力測定装置および圧力測定方法
DE102013216948B4 (de) * 2013-08-26 2015-12-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Druck- und Differenzdruckmessung in Staubförderleitungen

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1992343A (en) * 1930-03-22 1935-02-26 Nautiska App R Ab Measuring instrument
US2265114A (en) * 1938-10-08 1941-12-02 Builders Iron Foundry Pressure transmitting relay unit
US2308923A (en) * 1941-09-05 1943-01-19 Builders Iron Foundry Pressure relay unit
US2405979A (en) * 1943-03-22 1946-08-20 Republic Flow Meters Co Pressure reproducing instrument
US3171330A (en) * 1962-05-18 1965-03-02 Bendix Corp Motion transmitting system
US3277721A (en) * 1963-06-13 1966-10-11 I C Eckardt A G Method and apparatus for measuring high pressures of a hot fluid medium
US3598138A (en) * 1970-03-06 1971-08-10 Benjamin H Hadley Pressure controller

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3169402A (en) * 1961-08-16 1965-02-16 Sheffield Corp Pressure differential gage

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1992343A (en) * 1930-03-22 1935-02-26 Nautiska App R Ab Measuring instrument
US2265114A (en) * 1938-10-08 1941-12-02 Builders Iron Foundry Pressure transmitting relay unit
US2308923A (en) * 1941-09-05 1943-01-19 Builders Iron Foundry Pressure relay unit
US2405979A (en) * 1943-03-22 1946-08-20 Republic Flow Meters Co Pressure reproducing instrument
US3171330A (en) * 1962-05-18 1965-03-02 Bendix Corp Motion transmitting system
US3277721A (en) * 1963-06-13 1966-10-11 I C Eckardt A G Method and apparatus for measuring high pressures of a hot fluid medium
US3598138A (en) * 1970-03-06 1971-08-10 Benjamin H Hadley Pressure controller

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934471A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-01-27 Percy William White Flow monitoring system
US4671109A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-06-09 D. Halmi And Associates, Inc. Flow measuring device for liquids bearing entrained solids
US6021677A (en) * 1997-08-15 2000-02-08 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Pipeline system for the controlled distribution of a flowing medium and method for operating such a pipeline system
US20170284604A1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-10-05 Instrument Solutions Inc. System, method, and apparatus for regulating the flow of gas
US10508774B2 (en) * 2014-07-18 2019-12-17 Dean Leonidas Koulogianes System, method, and apparatus for regulating the flow of gas
US11204135B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2021-12-21 Devtech Sales, Inc. System, method, and apparatus for regulating the flow of gas
CN107202613A (zh) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-26 罗斯蒙特公司 用于一次性容器的流量测量系统
US9909909B2 (en) * 2016-03-16 2018-03-06 Rosemount Inc. Flow measurement system for single-use containers
US10836990B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2020-11-17 Cyberoptics Corporation Sensor interface for single-use containers
US10584309B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2020-03-10 Rosemount Inc. Pressure transducer for single-use containers
CN111323161A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-23 罗斯蒙特航天公司 集成光学压力的大气数据探针
US11371902B2 (en) 2019-12-27 2022-06-28 Rosemount Inc. Process venting feature for use in sensor applications with a process fluid barrier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT994328B (it) 1975-10-20
AU6136073A (en) 1975-04-17
GB1408805A (en) 1975-10-08
FR2203074B1 (show.php) 1976-11-19
BR7308102D0 (pt) 1974-07-11
DE2351940C3 (de) 1979-04-05
CA982848A (en) 1976-02-03
AR197827A1 (es) 1974-05-10
DE2351940B2 (de) 1978-07-06
JPS4975186A (show.php) 1974-07-19
SE395188B (sv) 1977-08-01
DE2351940A1 (de) 1974-05-02
FR2203074A1 (show.php) 1974-05-10

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