US3821124A

US3821124A - Detergent and shampoo compositions

Info

Publication number: US3821124A
Application number: US00718005A
Authority: US
Inventors: H Dixon
Original assignee: Beecham Group PLC
Current assignee: Beecham Group PLC
Priority date: 1964-10-07
Filing date: 1968-04-01
Publication date: 1974-06-28
Anticipated expiration: 1991-06-28

Abstract

Anionic detergent compositions for shampoos and household use are provided of which the essential components are a synergistic combination of an iodate and an amine. The iodate is preferably sodium, potassium or ammonium iodate up to an amount of 5 percent and the detergent is preferably sodium, potassium, ammonium or an alkanolamine sulphated fatty alcohol, a secondary alkyl sulphate or a salt of ethoxylated sulphated alcohol having 1 to 3 ethylene oxide units per mole. The compositions have antimicrobial properties and are virtually self-sterilizing. The metal iodate preferably constitutes 0.25 to 0.5 percent of the composition which in addition to the anionic detergent includes an inert, innocuous carrier adjuvant such as a coloring agent or perfume. The anionic detergent is a non-soap, non-sulphonate compound and its synergistic action with the metal iodate is unrelated to the liberation of iodine.

Description

United States Patent [191' Dixon 1 1 DETERGENT AND SHAMPOO COMPOSITIONS [75] Inventor: Harold Dixon, 1sleworth,'Eng1and [73 Assignee: Beecham Group Limited, Middlesex,

England 22 Filed: Apr.1, 1968 21 Appl. No.: 718,005

Related us. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 493,884, Oct, 7,

1965, abandoned.

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data [58] Field of Search 252/106, 152, 531; 167/17, 167/70; 424/150, 315, 303

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Marks et a1, 424/16 [in 3,821,124 June 28, 19-74 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,060,453 3/1967 Great Britain 252/152 Primary Examiner-Mayer Weinblatt ABSTRACT Anionic detergent compositions for shampoos and household use are provided of which the essential components are a synergistic combination of an iodate and an amine. The iodate-is preferably sodium, potassium or'ammonium iodate up to an amount of 5 percent and the detergent is preferably sodium, potassium, ammonium or an alkanolamine sulphated fatty alcohol, a secondary alkyl sulphate or a salt of ethoxylated sulphated alcohol having 1 to 3 ethylene oxide units per mole. The compositions have antimicrobial properties andare virtually self-sterilizing. The metal iodate preferably constitutes 0.25 to 0.5 percent of the composition which in addition to the anionic deter gent includes an inert, innocuous carrier adjuvant such as a coloring agent or perfume The anionic detergent is a non-soap, non-sulphonate compound and its synergistic action with the metal. iodate is unrelated tothe liberation of iodine.

, 5 Claims, No Drawings DETERGENT AND SHAMPOO COMPOSITIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 493,884 filed Oct. 7, 1965 now abandoned.

The present invention relates to anionic detergent compositions, and in particular to shampoo compositions.

It is known that on storage anionic detergent compositions are subject to microbial spoilage, and in shampoos this can be particularly troublesome, and may result in precipitation, discoloration, gas formation and offensive odors. Antimicrobial agents have therefore been included in anionic detergent compositions, but difficulties are encountered in ensuring compatibility with the constituents of the composition.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an,- ionic detergent compositions especially for but not limited to shampoos in which the above disadvantages are avoided.

Accordingly the present invention provides an anionic detergent composition comprising an anionic, non-soap, non-sulphonate detergent and less than percent of a preservative and synergistic metal iodate unrelated to the liberation of iodine, together with at.

anionic detergents and the compounds are colorless and odorless.

2 The following non-limitative examples illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 The synergistic effect of detergent and iodate against spoilage organisms was shown by comparing the spoilage rates of solutions of mixed lauryl sulphates with and without added sodium iodate with those of distilled water and of sodium iodate solution. Materials Detergent: Ammonium lauryl-sulphate, 4 parts Monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate, 1 part Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, 1 part Solutions were diluted to Cetavlon Value 245. Sodium Jodate: NaIO .H O. Solutions at 0.1% w/v concentration. Spoilage Organisms spoiled shampoo and detergent solutions; they consisted of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and, Citrobacter types, together with various unclassifiedQram-negative rods. Subcultures were grown in nutrient broth for 24 I hours at 37C. Single loop transfers were 'made to 9 ml. aliquots of nutrientbroth and further incubated for 24 hours. The broth cultures were pooled, and 0.25 ml. of this suspension was inoculated into each test solution.

Method Duplicate 25 ml. aliquots of sterilized test solutions were distributed in sterile MacCartney bottles, each bottle containing 30 glass balls. After inoculation with organisms, which were thoroughly dispersed with a Vortex JR mixer, themixtures were incubated at room temperature. Plate counts in nutrient agar were carried out at intervals over the following four weeks.

The resultsare shown in Table I.

TABLE I Colony count days after innoculation Test 0 l 2 7 14 2| 2:;

Solution (3 hrs) Detergent 795 9,000 03x10? 2.5 10 10 0.5 i0 13x10 Detergent Distilled Water l0 10 10x10 looxio 155 10 l83 l0 105x10 Suitable anionic detergents include sodium. potas- It can be seen that only the solution of detergent plus iodate has remained free from bacterial contamination. Neither component individually is able to check growth of organisms to any marked degree. Similar experimental work in which the sodium iodate was replaced by potassium and ammonium iodates showed their efiicacy at the same concentration of 0.1 percent w/v in preventing bacterial contamination. When sodium iodate was usedat concentrations up to 0.5 percent, bacterial contamination was again prevented.

EXAMPLE 2 Preservation of liquid shampoo with sodium iodate.

A number of micro-organisms were isolated from TABLE 111 Formulation 7:

(l) Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate (36% 45.00

active") 10 Formaldehyde solution (38-40% w/v) 0.05 Perfume 0.50 Dye Solution 5.00 Water to 100.00 (2) As above with addition of 0.1% w/v sodium (NalO 'H o).

iodate Method Samples (100 ml.) of each of the above formulations were inoculated 14 days after manufacture with 1.5 X 10 spoilage organisms; a second pair of samples were inoculated 28 days after manufacture with 2 X 10 organisms. Broth sterility tests were performed and bacterial counts estimated at weekly intervals.

The results are shown in Table 11.

TABLE 11 I Inoculation: Sterility test: Organisms per ml.

days after days after manufacture inoculation Formulation Formulation 30 lt can be seen that sodium iodate causes effective sterilization of the shampoo, and that it is stable to storage, whereas when the shampoo composition contained formaldehyde alone as preservative, bacterial contamination occurred.

EXAMPLE 3v Preservation of cream shampoo with sodium iodate.

Formulation (1) Ammonium lauryl sulphate Monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate 66.7 Ethylene glycol monostearate 3.5 Laurie isopropanolamide 0.5 Anhydrous lanolin 0.2 Dye 0.006 Perfume 0.5 10% sodium hydroxide solution 0.0625 Water to 100 (2) As (1 with phenylmercuric borate 0.005

Formalin 0.05 (3) As (1). with sodium iodate NalO 'H o 0.1

Method Samples (200 g.) of each of the above formulations were inoculated 10 days after manufacture with spoilage organisms to give a concentration of 5 X 10' organisms/g. Plate counts were carried out over the following three weeks.

The results are shown in Table 11!.

Colony count: days after inoculation Fonnulation 6 20 y 1 750,000 300,000 2 50,000 80,000 3 40 10 Shampoo containing iodate became effectively sterile; shampoo preserved with phenylmercuric borate and formalin was only marginally better than the unpreserved formulation.

' EXAMPLE 4 Preservation of liquid cream shampoo with iodate Formulation w/v Sodium lauryl ether sulphate 5 Empilan CDE" Ethylene glycol monostearate Polypeptides Anhydrous lanolin Perfume Citric acid Dye solution Water As (1) with 0.05% w/v Formalin As 1 with 0.25% w/v Sodium iodate As l with 0.5% w/v Sodium iodate -As (1) with 0.5% w/v Ammonium iodate pPPfNNY' ou-ou-oao on. a

' diethanolamine fatty acid amides (foam stabilizer) Microbiological findings indicated that the unpreserved formulation was highly susceptible to bacte rial spoilage. It was found that sodium iodate (0.1 percent) prevented the development of the native microbial flora initially in the unpreserved shampoo. However, it can be seen that the incorporation of 0.25 0.5 per cent iodate drastically-reduced the spoilage rate in experimentally infected shampoos and is superior to 0.05 percent formalin.

EXAMPLE 5 Preservation of liquid cream shampoo with ammonium, potassium and sodium iodates Formulation 1) Monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate 50 Ammonium lauryl sulphate Ethylene glycol monostearate Empilan AL Anhydrous lanolin Perfume Polypeptides Dye As (1 with 0.17r'w/v ammonium iodate As (1) with 0.1% w/v potassium iodate As (1 with 0.1% w/v sodium iodate diethanolamine fatty acid amides (foam stabilizer) TABLE V Formulation A B C iodate Colony count: days after inoculation 1. Nil 10 10 10" 10 10 10v 10 10" 2. 0.05 500 1 1,000 1,300 7,200 100 6,000 46,000 1,000 15,000 1 3.0.1 10 10 10 1,380 20,000 1,300 10 10 10 4. 0.25 10 2,500 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5.0.5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 I 10 Method Ammonium, potassium and sodium iodate had each Sets of five tubes each containing a 10 ml sample of shampoo were inoculated 14 days after manufacture with graded numbers of shampoo spoilage organisms to give a microbial population varying from 10 to 100 organisms in each tube. After storage at local ambient temperature for 14 days, the shampoos were examined for evidence of microbial contamination by means of broth and agar sterility tests.

TABLE V Numbers of tubes of shampoo demonstrating viable organisms 14 days after experimental inoculation Shampoo containing either ammonium, potassium or sodium iodate became effectively sterile, whereas shampoo without these preservatives demonstrated microbial contamination.

EXAMPLE 6 Formulation As in Example 5. (1). As (1) with 0.05% w/v iodate; A=Ammonium iodate,

- B=Potassium iodate,

C=Sodium iodate.

A, B and C as in (2) (3) As (1) with 0.1% w/v iodate;

(4) As l with 0.25% w/v iodate: A, B and C as in (2) (5) As (1) with 0.5% w/v iodate: A, B and C as In (2) Method Shampoos were inoculated with spoilage organisms 14 days after manufacture to give 8 X 10 organism/ml. The results are shown in Table V1.

effectively prevented the development of microbial spoilage organisms in experimentally infected shampoos. When an iodate was used at concentrations up to 0.5 percent, the product became resistantto microbial attack and was virtually self-sterilizing to spoilage.

organisms.

What. is claimed is:

1. An anionic detergent composition for shampooand household use consisting essentially of a synergistic combination of a. triethanolamine lauryl. Sulphate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate or ammoniumlauryl sulphate or a mixture thereof, and b. 0.1 to 5- percent w/v of a metal iodate selected from the group-consisting'of sodium iodate, potassium iodate and ammonium iodate as active ingredients. v 2. An antimicrobial composition the essential active components of which are a synergistic combination of 1') sodium, potassium or ammonium iodate in an amount 'of 0.1 to 0.5. percent w/v and (2) triethanolamine, monoethanolamine or ammonium lauryl sulphate or a mixture of such lauryl sulphates.

3. An anionic detergent composition for shampoo and household use consisting essentially of synergistic combination of a. ammonium lauryl sulphate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate and triethanolamine lauryl sulphate in combination with b. 0.1 to 5 percent sodium iodate.

4. An anionic detergent composition for shampoo and household use consisting essentially of a synergistic combination of a. triethanolamine lauryl sulphate in combination with i b. 0.1 to 5 percent w/v sodium iodate.

5. An anionic detergent composition for shampoo and household use consisting essentially of a synergistic combination of 1 a. ammonium lauryl sulphate and monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate in combination with b. 0.1 to 5 percent w/v sodium iodate.

Claims

2. An antimicrobial composition the essential active components of which are a synergistic combination of (1) sodium, potassium or ammonium iodate in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 percent w/v and (2) triethanolamine, monoethanolamine or ammonium lauryl sulphate or a mixture of such lauryl sulphates.
3. An anionic detergent composition for shampoo and household use consisting essentially of synergistic combination of a. ammonium lauryl sulphate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate and triethanolamine lauryl sulphate in combination with b. 0.1 to 5 percent sodium iodate.
4. An anionic detergent composition for shampoo and household use consisting essentially of a synergistic combination of a. triethanolamine lauryl sulphate in combination with b. 0.1 to 5 percent w/v sodium iodate.
5. An anionic detergent composition for shampoo and household use consisting essentialLy of a synergistic combination of a. ammonium lauryl sulphate and monoethanolamine lauryl sulphate in combination with b. 0.1 to 5 percent w/v sodium iodate.