US3819890A - Explosion circuit breaker - Google Patents

Explosion circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
US3819890A
US3819890A US00254679A US25467972A US3819890A US 3819890 A US3819890 A US 3819890A US 00254679 A US00254679 A US 00254679A US 25467972 A US25467972 A US 25467972A US 3819890 A US3819890 A US 3819890A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dielectric
annular groove
current
explosive charge
explosive
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00254679A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Mikhailu
N Skugorova
V Semchenko
V Biteryakov
K Kozorezov
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US3819890A publication Critical patent/US3819890A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An explosion type circuit breaker incorporating a hollow current-carrying bus containing an explosive charge and detonator characterized in that the current-carrying bus is provided with dielectric sheathings covering outer and inner surfaces of the hollow current-carrying bus, the dielectric sheathing covering the inner surface of the current-carrying bus having an annular groove and the explosive charge having an annular cumulative recess lined with a dielectric and facing the above-mentioned annular groove of the dielectric sheathing.
  • This invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and more particularly to explosion circuit breakers which provide a means for quick circuit interruption and breaking of heavy-current and high-voltage circuits.
  • circuit breakers with various types of arc quenching means (air-blast, magnetic blast), and insulating fillings such as in, for example, oil-filled circuit breakers.
  • arc quenching means air-blast, magnetic blast
  • insulating fillings such as in, for example, oil-filled circuit breakers.
  • These circuit breakers rely for their operation on mechanical interruption of the electric circuit and extinction of the are between the separating contacts by cooling and lengthening the arc gap.
  • the operating time of these circuit breakers amounts to several milliseconds since the arc is lengthened at a rate of about a few tens of metres per second.
  • circuit breakers wherein charges of explosives are used to increase the speed of interruption of the electric circuit.
  • Such circuit breakers comprise a hollow current carrying conductor, preferably of tubular shape, containing an explosive charge and a detonator.
  • the hollow conductor has longitudinal slits and transverse notches and seams within the narrowed middle or end part of the conductor. On explosion of the charge, the conductor bursts and spreads out into a kind of rosetter. while the hollow ends of the conductor serve as nozzles for extinguishing the breaking current are by jets of the products of explosion.
  • the operating time of this device cannot be made shorter than 30 to 40 microseconds. This is due mainly to the two following factors: firstly the speed of interruption of the electric circuit does not exceed l to 2 mm per microsecond (increase of the speed up to 3 mm per microsecond calls for a considerable increase of the explosive charge), secondly the arc is quenched by explosion products which are of relatively low dielectric strength (the products of the explosion expand and their pressure drops with the sixth power of the radius of space occupied by these products).
  • a primary object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the present circuit breaker incorporating a hollow current-carrying bus containing an explosive charge and detonator; in accordance with the disclosed invention, the hollow current-carrying bus is provided with dielectric sheathings on its inner and outer surfaces and the dielectric sheathing on the inner surface of the currentcarrying bus has an annular groove and the explosive charge has an annular cumulative recess lined with a dielectric and facing the above-mentioned annular groove of the dielectric sheathing.
  • a second version of the present invention consists in that the dielectric sheathing covering the outer surface of the above-mentioned current-carrying bus has an annular groove formed opposite the annular groove of the dielectric sheathing which covers the inner surface of the above-mentioned current-carrying bus.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an explosion type circuit breaker constructed in accordance with the present invention, this Figure showing the position of the circuit breaker components before the explosion;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment 0 FIG. 1 showing the position of the circuit breaker components during the explosion;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the explosion-type circuit breaker in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, this Figure depicting the position of the circuit breaker components before the explosion;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 3, depicting the position of the circuit breaker components during the explosion;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIG. 1, this Figure illustrating the condition of the current bus following the explosion.
  • the explosion circuit breaker incorporates tips 1 (FIG. 1) in which the hollow current-carrying bus 2 of cylindrical shape is fixed.
  • the outer surface of the current-carrying bus 2 is covered by a dielectric sheathing 3 made as a hollow cylinder.
  • the inner surface of the current-carrying bus 2 is covered by an inner dielectric sheathing 4 made as a hollow cylinder.
  • the sheathing 4 has an annular groove 5.
  • An explosive charge 6 and detonator 7 are arranged inside the hollow current-carrying bus 2.
  • the explosive charge 6 is in the form of a disc the side surface of which has an annular convergent or concave recess lined with a dielectric 9.
  • the assembly constituting members 6 through 9 can be mounted in any convenient and known manner within the current-carrying bus 2 having sheathing 3 through 4.
  • One technique by which such mounting can be effected is by means of plugs having annular centering grooves in their ends, one of the plugs having a through center hole for the wires of the detonator 7.
  • Such plugs are widely known in this field and constitute prior art. In that such plugs are not important for an understanding of the principles taught by the instant invention, no specific illustration of same has been shown.
  • the explosive charge 6 is positioned so that the annular recess 8 is opposite the annular groove of the inner dielectric sheathing 4.
  • the explosion circuit breaker operates in the following manner, and attention is directed to FIG. 2.
  • the detonator 7 and the explosive charge 6 operate in succession.
  • the material of the lining 9 forms itself into a high-speed cumulative jet [0 and pestle 11.
  • Both the cumulative je t l0 and the pestle 11 are in the form of discs moving radially with a speed of and 10 m per second, respectively.
  • the thickness of the cumulative jet 10 depends on the shape of the recess 8, the thickness and density of the lining 9, the speed of detonation within the explosive charge 6 and is from 0.1 to 0.9 of the width of the cumulative recess.
  • this sheathing is provided with the abovementioned annular groove 5.
  • the cumulative jet l0 After passing into the annular groove 5, the cumulative jet l0 strikes the current-carrying bus 2. As a result. the jet 10 turns around and forms a film 12. The current-carrying bus 2 splits by bursting on explosion and its parts are accelerated in the direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of the cumulative jet l0. Afterwards, the cumulative jet 10 goes farther into the body of the outer dielectric sheathing 3.
  • the shattering of the current carrying bus 2 occurs in the course of l to 5 microseconds since the speed of penetration of the jet amounts to about 5 mm per second.
  • the pressure developed at the point of contact of the dielectric cumulative jet I0 and the outer dielectric sheathing 3 attains hundreds of atmospheres and so the arc of the breaking current is intensively cooled and quenched.
  • the dielectric sheathing 3 sets up head for the cumulative jet l0 and contributes to the development of high pressure within the region of the interaction. Furthermore, the outer dielectric sheathing prevents breakdown along the surface of the destroyed currentcarrying bus 2. Electric breakdown along the inner surface of the current-carrying bus 2 is prevented by the inner dielectric sheathing 4 and the products of explosion of the explosive charge 6 which expand in the axial direction. The body of the dielectric cumulative jet 10, the film l2 and the pestle I] prevent breakdown between the ends of the destroyed current-carrying bus 2. Reference is made to FIG. 5 for an illustration of the bus after the explosion.
  • the construction of the explosion circuit breaker shown in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that the dielectric sheathing 3 covering the outer surface of the current-carrying bus 2 is also provided with an annular groove 13 (FIG. 3).
  • the explosion circuit breaker shown in FIG. 3 operates in the same way as the explosion circuit breaker shown in FIG. 1, the only difference being that the section of the current-carrying bus 2 located between the grooves 5 and 13 is sheared off and moves radially outward at a high speed radially away from the break. Reference is made to FIG. 4 in this respect.
  • the explosion circuit breaker described above may be used without the dielectric lining 9 of the recess 8 of the explosive charge 6. It should be noted, however, that employment of the above-mentioned dielectric lining greatly improves the efficiency of operation of the explosion circuit breaker.
  • the present invention allows the shortening of the operating time of the explosion circuit breaker down to a value of l to 5 microseconds, recudes the weight of the explosive charge and improves its dielectric strength.
  • An explosive type electric power circuit breaker comprising:
  • outer and inner dielectric sheathings disposed respectively on the outer and innersurfaces of said hollow current-carrying tubular bus;
  • an explosive charge disposed inside said hollow current-carrying tubular bus, said explosive charge being shaped so as to have an annular notch shaped recess positioned opposite said annular groove in said inner dielectric sheathing;
  • a detonator means for igniting and exploding said explosive charge at a moment when the electric power circuit in said hollow current-carrying tubular bus is desired to be interrupted;
  • said recess of said explosive charge directing the explosive force towards said annular groove of said tubular bus such that said bus bursts along a circumferential region adjacent of said annular groove so as to cause swift interruption of the electric power circuit.

Landscapes

  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
US00254679A 1971-05-25 1972-05-18 Explosion circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime US3819890A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1659499A SU418141A1 (ru) 1971-05-25 1971-05-25 Выключатель взрывного типа

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3819890A true US3819890A (en) 1974-06-25

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ID=20476099

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00254679A Expired - Lifetime US3819890A (en) 1971-05-25 1972-05-18 Explosion circuit breaker

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3819890A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS4910372A (enExample)
BE (1) BE783921A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2224252A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2139093A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1394067A (enExample)
IT (1) IT960794B (enExample)
NL (1) NL7206855A (enExample)
SU (1) SU418141A1 (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4174471A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Explosively actuated opening switch
US4571468A (en) * 1982-07-16 1986-02-18 University Of Texas System Inductive store opening switch
US4680434A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-07-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Explosive-driven, high speed, arcless switch
KR100323634B1 (ko) * 1998-01-08 2002-02-07 가부시키가이샤 오토네트웍스 테크놀로지스 회로 차단기

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55151907U (enExample) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-01
RU2479062C1 (ru) * 2011-12-20 2013-04-10 Виктор Петрович Сергеенко Взрывное устройство выключателя электрического тока
SI25615A (sl) * 2018-03-14 2019-09-30 Nela Razvojni Center Za Elektroindustrijo In Elektroniko, D.O.O. Alternativno spremenljiv električni tokokrog in postopek spreminjanja poti električnega toka v električnem tokokrogu

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117194A (en) * 1960-09-26 1964-01-07 Jr Richard H F Stresau Explosion actuated electric switch

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117194A (en) * 1960-09-26 1964-01-07 Jr Richard H F Stresau Explosion actuated electric switch

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4174471A (en) * 1978-03-27 1979-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Explosively actuated opening switch
US4571468A (en) * 1982-07-16 1986-02-18 University Of Texas System Inductive store opening switch
US4680434A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-07-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Explosive-driven, high speed, arcless switch
KR100323634B1 (ko) * 1998-01-08 2002-02-07 가부시키가이샤 오토네트웍스 테크놀로지스 회로 차단기

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU418141A1 (ru) 1977-02-05
DE2224252A1 (de) 1972-12-14
GB1394067A (en) 1975-05-14
IT960794B (it) 1973-11-30
FR2139093A1 (enExample) 1973-01-05
JPS4910372A (enExample) 1974-01-29
BE783921A (fr) 1972-11-27
NL7206855A (enExample) 1972-11-28

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