US3819841A - Iron-free self-braking electrode - Google Patents

Iron-free self-braking electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3819841A
US3819841A US00385825A US38582573A US3819841A US 3819841 A US3819841 A US 3819841A US 00385825 A US00385825 A US 00385825A US 38582573 A US38582573 A US 38582573A US 3819841 A US3819841 A US 3819841A
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United States
Prior art keywords
casing
electrode
set forth
invention set
furnace
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00385825A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Persson
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Pennsylvania Engineering Corp
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Pennsylvania Engineering Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Pennsylvania Engineering Corp filed Critical Pennsylvania Engineering Corp
Priority to US00385825A priority Critical patent/US3819841A/en
Priority to CA202,606A priority patent/CA1032585A/en
Priority to ZA00743958A priority patent/ZA743958B/xx
Priority to NO742273A priority patent/NO140848C/no
Priority to ES427605A priority patent/ES427605A1/es
Priority to DE2430183A priority patent/DE2430183A1/de
Priority to IT24343/74A priority patent/IT1019665B/it
Priority to FR7421930A priority patent/FR2240599B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to JP49071925A priority patent/JPS5049746A/ja
Publication of US3819841A publication Critical patent/US3819841A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/06—Electrodes
    • H05B7/08—Electrodes non-consumable
    • H05B7/085—Electrodes non-consumable mainly consisting of carbon
    • H05B7/09—Self-baking electrodes, e.g. Söderberg type electrodes

Definitions

  • a self-baking electrode for an electric furnace comprises a permanent tubular casing which extends beneath the furnace hood toward the furnace charge.
  • a ram located over the top end of the casing can be retracted for inserting electrode paste and can be advanced for compacting the paste and extruding the baked portion of the electrode from the lower end of the casing.
  • the lower end is articulated in a region which is engaged by electrode contact plates that exert a pressure on the casing and the baked electrode to permit extrusion at a controlled rate.
  • the casing is surrounded by a mantle which is insulated and defines an annular gap around the casing.
  • Hot gas is forced axially through the gap of the casing to melt and precure the electrode paste prior to the paste passing through the region of exit and electrode contact.
  • the usual apparatus for advancing and retracting the whole electrode forming apparatus and electrode with respect to the furnace charge is also provided.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for making self-baking electrodes for use with electric furnaces.
  • Conventional self-baking electrode making apparatus comprises a vertically disposed cylindrical casing the lower end of which extends into the electric furnace.
  • the upper end of the casing is open to permit workmen to insert chunks of carbonaceous paste which melts and ultimately cures to a solid state as a result of heat which is conducted upwardly from the cured portion of the electrode that emerges from bottom contact plates into the furnace.
  • the cylindrical sections from which the casing is made have several inwardly directed fins to which the paste fuses near the input end.
  • the fins provide for engagement between the casing and the uncured and cured portions of the electrode therein and the fins reinforce the electrode, conduct electric current from the contact clamps to the cured portions of the electrode and contribute toward conduction of heat from the cured portion to portions which are undergoing curing by heat.
  • the casing Because the lower end of the casing from which the electrode emerges is normally in the hot environment of the furnace, the casing is consumed and new sections must be added at the top end. This is done by workmen on a floor above the furnace where they are protected. Conventionally, the electrode clamps are released to permit lowering of the self-baked electrode and the surrounding steel casing. Means are provided to adjust the distance of the casing and electrode with respect to the furnace to maintain a proper arc length with respect to the charge in the furnace.
  • One method of partially overcoming the introduction of ferrous metal into the furnace is to substitute for the usual radially inwardly directed reinforcing fins a lightweight metal framework which becomes embedded in the paste and rigidifies the electrode.
  • the framework is free of the casing thus making it possible to advance the electrode at a somewhat higher rate than the casing is advanced in which case consumption of the casing is reduced.
  • the melt in the furnace may still be somewhat contaminated, although to a lesser degree than with the method first discussed.
  • One of the problems with this construction is that the framework must be as light as possible to minimize iron contamination in which case there may not be sufficient strength to reinforce the electrode adequately.
  • a lightweight frame also conducts heat poorly so the paste may be cured at an unduly slow rate which results in loss of electrode strength where it emerges from the contact plates.
  • the framework is also not in contact with the casing so that electric current is not conducted directly from the electrode contact clamps to the plastic portion of the electrode and to the cured portion.
  • the reduced heating and curing effect of the electric current in the central portion of the electrodes compels electrodes of reduced diameter.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide electrode forming apparatus which minimizes introduction of metal out of which the apparatus is comprised into the molten charge within a furnace with which the electrode cooperates.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide apparatus which uses no fins, framework or other conductive or reinforcing members in the paste within the casing and yet provides for good thermal precuring and curing of the electrode paste before it emerges as a cured electrode from befow the contact plates.
  • a further object is to provide self-baking electrode forming apparatus in which the electrode may be formed without use of any fins, reinforcing framework or other structural element to conduct heat and electric current into the electrode, this object being achieved by providing electric contact members which engage the forming casing near its lower end in such manner as to have a circuit that is directed from the electrode contacts to the casing and to the solidified electrode.
  • a still further object is to provide for precuring of the electrode paste within the casing by surrounding it with a mantle that defines a concentric gap through which hot air or gas for curing may be circulated whereby conduction of heat from the furnace through the electrode itself'need not be relied upon exclusively to cure the electrode.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide for reinforcing the electrode with non-metallic members such as wooden cores which introduce no ferrous contaminant into the furnace but which are converted to charcoal and have their pores filled eventually with carbon derived from the paste and from the hydrocarbons resulting from the curing process so that the entire cross sectional diameter of the electrode is conductive.
  • non-metallic members such as wooden cores which introduce no ferrous contaminant into the furnace but which are converted to charcoal and have their pores filled eventually with carbon derived from the paste and from the hydrocarbons resulting from the curing process so that the entire cross sectional diameter of the electrode is conductive.
  • the invention is characterized by an electrode forming cylindrical casing which has a free bore.
  • a paste compacting and electrode extruding ram is situated above the upper open end of the casing. Retraction of the ram permits workmen to insert electrode paste into the casing and downward advancement of the ram extrudes the cured electrode from the bottom end thereof.
  • the bottom end of the casing is provided with longitudinally disposed overlapping joints to make it somewhat inwardly resilient. The slits created by the overlaps are in turn covered with additional material to prevent leakage of paste and minimize leakage of hydrocarbon gas.
  • the contact plates are under sufficient pressure to support the easing and the electrode therein but the pressure is not so great as to prevent the electrode being advanced under the influence of the ram at the top end as it becomes necessary for the electrodes to be extended to make up for that which is consumed at its lower end.
  • the substantially stationary casing is surrounded in concentric spaced relation by a mantle.
  • Hot air or gas apparatus which will be set forth in reference to the drawing shortly hereinafter.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical elevation of the new self-baking electrode apparatus with parts in section and other parts in semi-section;
  • FIG/2 is a transverse section taken on a line corresponding with 2--2 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial section taken on a line corresponding with 3-3 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse section taken on a line corresponding with 4-4 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, one may see that part of the electrode forming apparatus is above a floor and another part is below the floor. A region far below floor 10 is occupied by an electric furnace which .is not shown but the upper surface of the charge within the furnace is indicated by the reference numeral 11 near the bottom of FIG. 1. One of the hoods 12 of the furnace is shown fragmentarily and is seen to be positioned immediately beneath floor 10.
  • the electrode forming apparatus in FIG. 1 comprises a cylindrical metal casing 12 in which carbonaceous paste may be introduced for being baked into solid electrode.
  • the casing may be made up of a number of curved sections welded together.
  • the interior of casing 12 is smooth and does not have the usual radially inwardly extending electrode supporting fins nor any other metallic reinforcement for the electrode that is formed therein.
  • the formed, cured and solidified electrode portion 13 emerges from the bottom end of casing 12 under the influence of a ram head 14 at the top of the casing.
  • Ram head 14 may be retracted from within the casing to permit workmen on floor 10 to introduce chunks of electrode paste into casing 12.
  • Ram head 14 is driven by the connecting rod 15 of a fluid operated cylinder 16.
  • Cylinder 16 can be pressurized to effectuate extrusion of electrode 13 from the bottom end of the casing.
  • a mechanically operated ram could be substituted for the fluid operated ram if desired.
  • the lower end of electrode forming casing 12 is provided with circumferentially spaced axially extending overlapping joints 17 which make the end of the casing somewhat resilient and yielding to radially applied forces.
  • the overlapping joints l7 prevent leakage of electrode paste, minimize loss of hydrocarbon gases and provide a large electric contact interface with exterior of casing 12.
  • Overlapping joints 17 and casing 12 constitute an articulated structure which permits application of a gripping force by the casing on the electrode 13.
  • Other resilient or articulated clamping mechanisms could be substituted for the one just described.
  • the lower end of the casing is surrounded by a plurality of electrode contact members 20. Contact members.
  • the pressure applying devices 22 may comprise a housing 23 and a'plunger 24 surrounded by a shouldered sleeve 25.
  • a spring 26 reacts against the shoulder and forces the plunger 24 against its associated electrode contact 20.
  • a threaded collar 27 permits adjustment of spring pressure.
  • the total force of the various plungers against the contact 20 is adequate to bring about a clamping action by the segments 19 of casing 12 against the electrode 13. The force is great enough to support the baked electrode 13 and the casing 12 and to prevent their inadvertent movement toward the furnace. The electrode 13 is actually restrained from inadvertent vertical movements by frictional force of the articulated casing bottom.
  • the electrode contacts 20 are connected to a power distribution bus ring 30 by means of a plurality of tubular conductive members 31.
  • Power distribution ring 30 may be provided with coolant fluid passages such as 32 and 33 which are in fluid communication with the interior of conductor tubes 31 to provide coolant to the hollowed out electrode contact elements 20 if desired.
  • Power distribution ring 30 is connected by any suitable means to a plurality of conductor tubes 34 which are in turn in electrical continuity with a bus 35 to which a large number of paralleled flexible conductors 36 are connected.
  • the flexible conductors 36 lead back to a bus terminal 37, shown in part, which connects to a terminal of a power transformer, not shown.
  • the electric circuitry intervening between the electrode contacts 20 and the power transformer is substantially conventional and need not be described in greater detail.
  • Casing 12 is, of course, not fed into the furnace during operation thereof nor during forming an electrode therein. The only time casing 12 moves is when it is advanced jointly with the electrode for the purpose of establishing the position of the electrode tip as will be described subsequently.
  • Casing 12 is surrounded by a cylindrical mantle 40 which is moved bodily with the casing to adjust the position of the tip of the baked electrode 13 within furnace charge 11. Sections taken through the mantle 40 may be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Mantle 40 comprises an outer cylindrical shell 41 and an inner cylindrical shell 42 in concentric spaced relationship therewith.
  • the two layers of thermal insulation are radially spaced so as to define a concentric gap 44 around the casing as can be seen in FIGS. 1-3. Insulating layers 43 and 43' terminate near the lower casing 12 section and the mantle 42 and casing 12 then form an uninsulated gap 44 which is continuous with gap 44.
  • Hot air or other hot gas is forced downwardly through gap or duct 44, 44' from an encircling plenum 45 which is supplied with pressurized hot air through a duct 46 leading to a blower 47.
  • a conduit 48 the intake side of blower 47 is connected to a source of hot air, such source not being shown.
  • the source may be an ordinary hot air furnace in which fuel is burned in a combustion chamber that is in heat exchange relation with air circulating over it.
  • the hot air is drawn into the system by fan 47 and forced through duct 44 in heat exchange relationship with casing 12 at the lower end portion of the mantle 40 only so that the electrode paste within the casing in the lower end portion is subjected to heat for precuring.
  • the temperature of the air is sufficient to bake the contained paste at about 450C.
  • the hot air enters duct 44 through annular gap 49 at the top thereof and the hot air exits from the duct at the lower end 50 inside of the furnace hood. Because the hot gases emerge under the furnace hood, it is also possible to use rather completely oxidized hot gases of combustion directly for heating the lower part of electrode casing 12 instead of heating air by passing it over a combustion chamber.
  • the mantle 40 is supported at its upper end by a ring 50 which connects to the outer shell 41 of the mantle by means of several gusset plates 51 which may be welded to shell 41 and ring 50.
  • Ring 50 is in turn carried by a frame 52 which is supported on an electrode elevating and lowering hydraulic cylinders 53, one of which is visible in FIG. 1.
  • This cylinder may also be of the pneumatic type. In any event, by means which are not shown, the cylinder 53 may be actuated to raise or lower ring 50 and thereby raise and lower electrode casing 12, the electrode 13 and surrounding mantle 40 jointly with casing 12.
  • Brackets 56 are supported ona base 58 which is mounted on furnace hood 12 although it could be mounted on any stationary structural member of sufficient strength. Beneath rollers is a duct 59 which is maintained at positive pressure and which has an air exit passageway 60 for the purpose of preventing gases from the furnace leaking to the space above floor 10. This is merely exemplary since a furnace fume seal can take a variety of forms as is known to those skilled in the art.
  • Electrode casing 12 and the self-baked electrode 13 therein' is indicated to be comprised of several regions which are in various states of curing. The regions are indicated by brackets. The region embraced by lowermost bracket 13a is that in which the electrode is substantially fully cured and hardened throughout. In region 13b, the electrode paste is in a substantially unbaked state near the top and a substantially fluid state near the bottom. Electrode paste additions are made in region 13c.
  • Operation of the electrode forming apparatus is as follows. Assume that the furnace is operating and that electrode exists within casing 12 in various states of curing. Assume that so much of the lower tip of electrode 13 has been consumed as to make it desirable to extend the electrode further into the furnace. This is done by actuating cylinder 16 to cause ram head 14 to force the electrode downwardly for greater emergence from casing 12. The downward force need only be sufficient in combination with the weight of the electrode to overcome the frictional holding force applied by the pressurized contact plates 20 acting on the articulated or slotted lower end of casing 12. When the baked electrode extends sufficiently far from the casing 12, ram head 14 is retracted so as to expose the cavity in the top part of casing 12 which has been created by extrusion of electrode from the bottom part.
  • Workmen on floor 10 may then introduce more electrode paste into the top interior void in casing 12.
  • wooden core sections 61 which are connected to each other by the workmen prior to introduction of additional paste into the top of casing 12.
  • Paste is introduced around the core.
  • the cores may be connected by means of threaded projections on one being received in the opposite end of the next consecutive section or the wooden cores may be connected by providing them with tapered wooden plug extensions that register in a correspondingly tapered hole in an adjacent section. Any method of connection that does not use ferrous elements may be used.
  • the paste in portion of the electrode subsequently melts due to the heat from the hot air in duct 44 defined by mantle 40 and the paste fuses around the wooden core to form a relatively baked mass in portion 13 a.
  • the paste As the paste is extruded downwardly in casing 12, it gets hotter and hotter as a result of heat exchange with the hot air in duct 44 and continues to solidify and at the same time the volatile hydrocarbons are liberated.
  • the volatile hydrocarbons are sealed off against upward exit by the molten paste so they are forced downward into the pores of the electrode in a region below the contact plates where the electrode is more thoroughly cured and hardened but porous enough to accept the hydrocarbon gases.
  • a metal casing having an opening in one end for electrode exit and an opening remote therefrom for introduction of electrode forming material into said casing which material first becomes plastic and is then successively baked to a hardened state in which it emerges from said one end,
  • said casing has a substantially uniform cross sec tional shape and a substantially smooth and clear interior over its entire length.
  • said restraining means including articulated means surrounding and engaged with a substantially solidified portion of said electrode, said articulated means being interposed between said contact means and said electrode and said articulated means being adapted to yield toward the center of said electrode under the influence of force applied through the agency of said contact means.
  • segment means there are a plurality of perimetrally disposed axially extending overlapping jointed segment means in said one end region of said casing, said segment means being yieldable toward the electrode in said casing.
  • said casing is vertical and said casing supporting means also supports said duct means, said supporting means being constructed and arranged for executing bidirectional vertical movements to thereby jointly move said duct, casing and electrode in relation to a furnace, and
  • blower means for forcing heated gas generally downwardly along said casing means.
  • thermal insulation interposed between said duct and said casing in the upper portion thereof, the lower portion of said casing being uninsulated so that hot gas conducted by said duct will precure the electrode in the lower portion of said casing.
  • said mantle having an inlet for admitting heated gas to one end of said passage and an exit remote therefrom, and
  • c. means for coupling a source of hot gas to said inlet.
  • said mantle is supported jointly with said casing by 'said supporting means, said supporting means being constructed and arranged for moving bidirectionally vertically to thereby enable joint movement of said mantle, casing and electrode in respect to a furnace, and
  • blower means supported for moving jointly with said mantle for blowing said hot gas downwardlyalong said casing.
  • said means for applying force on said electrode forming material comprises ram means adapted to register in said remote opening of said casing, and
  • Self-baking electrode apparatus for use with an electric furnace, said apparatus comprising:
  • a vertically disposed metal casing having a lower open end and an opening in its upper end for introduction ofv electrode forming material which becomes plastic and is successively baked to a hardened state in which it emerges from said lower end,
  • clamp means constructed and arranged to bear against said electrode in its region of emergence where it is in a substantially hardened state
  • said clamp means include a plurality of perimetrally disposed axially extending segments near the lower end of said casing, said segments being yieldable toward said electrode for frictional engagement therewith.
  • said passage defining means has an opening near the lower end of said casing for permitting gas to exit from said passage.
  • said passage defining means being supported by said support means and said casing being supported from said passage defining means whereby said electrode may be adjusted vertically with respect to said furnace to alter the distance between said electrode and contents of said furnace while said electrode remains clamped to said casing.
  • Self-baking electrode apparatus for use with an electric furnace, said apparatus comprising:
  • the upper end of said casing providing access for introducing electrode forming material into said casing, said material being characterized by being in a plastic state when in a certain temperature range and by being cured to a hardened state when in a certain relatively higher temperature state, said electrode extending from said lower end of said casing in a substantially hardened state,
  • said casing includes means defining at least one overlapping joint at the lower end thereof to enable said casing to yield toward said electrode for said frictional engagement
  • said last named force applying means includes rigid ring means surrounding said contact means
  • spring means biasing said plunger means toward said contact means.
  • a method of making and using a self-baking electrode in association with an electric furnace comprismg:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US00385825A 1973-08-06 1973-08-06 Iron-free self-braking electrode Expired - Lifetime US3819841A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00385825A US3819841A (en) 1973-08-06 1973-08-06 Iron-free self-braking electrode
CA202,606A CA1032585A (en) 1973-08-06 1974-06-17 Iron-free self-baking electrode
ZA00743958A ZA743958B (en) 1973-08-06 1974-06-20 Iron free self baking electrode
NO742273A NO140848C (no) 1973-08-06 1974-06-21 Anordning for fremstilling og anvendelse av en selvsintrende elektrode.
ES427605A ES427605A1 (es) 1973-08-06 1974-06-24 Metodo para fabricar electrodos de autocochura destinados aser usados en los hornos electricos y aparatos para su rea- lizacion.
DE2430183A DE2430183A1 (de) 1973-08-06 1974-06-24 Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung einer sinterelektrode fuer einen elktroofen
IT24343/74A IT1019665B (it) 1973-08-06 1974-06-24 Apparecchiatura e procedimento particolarmente per la fabbrica zione di un elettrodo autoforman te privo di ferro
FR7421930A FR2240599B1 (de) 1973-08-06 1974-06-24
JP49071925A JPS5049746A (de) 1973-08-06 1974-06-25

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00385825A US3819841A (en) 1973-08-06 1973-08-06 Iron-free self-braking electrode

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US3819841A true US3819841A (en) 1974-06-25

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US00385825A Expired - Lifetime US3819841A (en) 1973-08-06 1973-08-06 Iron-free self-braking electrode

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US (1) US3819841A (de)
JP (1) JPS5049746A (de)
CA (1) CA1032585A (de)
DE (1) DE2430183A1 (de)
ES (1) ES427605A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2240599B1 (de)
IT (1) IT1019665B (de)
NO (1) NO140848C (de)
ZA (1) ZA743958B (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133968A (en) * 1977-05-26 1979-01-09 Frolov Jury F Apparatus for forming self-sintering electrodes
FR2514981A1 (fr) * 1981-10-19 1983-04-22 Elkem As Dispositif de porte-electrode pour electrodes auto-durcissantes
US4575856A (en) * 1984-05-18 1986-03-11 Pennsylvania Engineering Corporation Iron free self baking electrode
US4756813A (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-07-12 Stanley Earl K Self-baking electrode
US5146469A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-09-08 Elkem Technology A/S Method and means for continuous production of carbon bodies
ES2046098A1 (es) * 1991-10-30 1994-01-16 Espa Ola De Carburos Metalicos Mejoras sobre el proceso de fabricacion en continuo de electrodos libres de impurezas y hierro para hornos de arco electrico.
WO1996027276A1 (en) * 1995-03-02 1996-09-06 Elkem A/S Method for production of carbon electrodes
US5577065A (en) * 1994-09-05 1996-11-19 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Device for mounting a self-baking electrode for an electric arc furnace
US5778021A (en) * 1994-07-21 1998-07-07 Elkem Asa Self-baking carbon electrode
US5854807A (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-12-29 Skw Canada Inc. Electrode for silicon alloys and silicon metal
US5939012A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-08-17 Globe Metallurgical, Inc. Method and apparatus for manufacture of carbonaceous articles
US6377603B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2002-04-23 Invensil System for the assembly of a self-baking composite electrode for electric arc furnaces
US6590926B2 (en) 1999-02-02 2003-07-08 Companhia Brasileira Carbureto De Calcio Container made of stainless steel for forming self-baking electrodes for use in low electric reduction furnaces
US6625196B2 (en) 1999-02-02 2003-09-23 Companhia Brasileira Carbureto De Calcio Container made of aluminum and stainless steel for forming self-baking electrodes for use in low electric reduction furnaces
WO2004110104A1 (de) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-16 Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft Gleichstrom-lichtbogenofen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1498582A (en) * 1921-01-24 1924-06-24 Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As Electrode holder
US1691505A (en) * 1925-05-15 1928-11-13 Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As Electrode
US3619465A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-11-09 Montedison Spa Method for operating self-baking electrodes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1498582A (en) * 1921-01-24 1924-06-24 Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As Electrode holder
US1691505A (en) * 1925-05-15 1928-11-13 Norske Elektrokemisk Ind As Electrode
US3619465A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-11-09 Montedison Spa Method for operating self-baking electrodes

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4133968A (en) * 1977-05-26 1979-01-09 Frolov Jury F Apparatus for forming self-sintering electrodes
FR2514981A1 (fr) * 1981-10-19 1983-04-22 Elkem As Dispositif de porte-electrode pour electrodes auto-durcissantes
US4575856A (en) * 1984-05-18 1986-03-11 Pennsylvania Engineering Corporation Iron free self baking electrode
US4756813A (en) * 1986-10-24 1988-07-12 Stanley Earl K Self-baking electrode
EP0327741A1 (de) * 1986-10-24 1989-08-16 Earl K. Stanley Selbstbackende Elektrode
US5146469A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-09-08 Elkem Technology A/S Method and means for continuous production of carbon bodies
ES2046098A1 (es) * 1991-10-30 1994-01-16 Espa Ola De Carburos Metalicos Mejoras sobre el proceso de fabricacion en continuo de electrodos libres de impurezas y hierro para hornos de arco electrico.
US5351266A (en) * 1991-10-30 1994-09-27 Ferroatlantica, S.L. Process for continuous manufacture of impurity and iron-free electrodes for electric arc furnaces
US5778021A (en) * 1994-07-21 1998-07-07 Elkem Asa Self-baking carbon electrode
US5577065A (en) * 1994-09-05 1996-11-19 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Device for mounting a self-baking electrode for an electric arc furnace
WO1996027276A1 (en) * 1995-03-02 1996-09-06 Elkem A/S Method for production of carbon electrodes
US5978410A (en) * 1995-03-02 1999-11-02 Elkem Asa Method for production of carbon electrodes
US5854807A (en) * 1997-05-02 1998-12-29 Skw Canada Inc. Electrode for silicon alloys and silicon metal
US5939012A (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-08-17 Globe Metallurgical, Inc. Method and apparatus for manufacture of carbonaceous articles
US6590926B2 (en) 1999-02-02 2003-07-08 Companhia Brasileira Carbureto De Calcio Container made of stainless steel for forming self-baking electrodes for use in low electric reduction furnaces
US6625196B2 (en) 1999-02-02 2003-09-23 Companhia Brasileira Carbureto De Calcio Container made of aluminum and stainless steel for forming self-baking electrodes for use in low electric reduction furnaces
US6377603B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2002-04-23 Invensil System for the assembly of a self-baking composite electrode for electric arc furnaces
AU767252B2 (en) * 1999-08-19 2003-11-06 Ferropem System for the assembly of a self-baking composite electrode for electric ARC furnaces
WO2004110104A1 (de) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-16 Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft Gleichstrom-lichtbogenofen
AU2004246333B2 (en) * 2003-06-04 2009-03-26 Sms Demag Aktiengesellschaft Direct current arc furnace
CN1830230B (zh) * 2003-06-04 2010-08-18 Sms西马格股份公司 直流电弧炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO742273L (de) 1975-03-03
NO140848B (no) 1979-08-13
ZA743958B (en) 1975-07-30
NO140848C (no) 1980-03-26
CA1032585A (en) 1978-06-06
IT1019665B (it) 1977-11-30
FR2240599A1 (de) 1975-03-07
ES427605A1 (es) 1976-12-16
DE2430183A1 (de) 1975-02-20
JPS5049746A (de) 1975-05-02
FR2240599B1 (de) 1980-09-05

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