US3819546A - Antilumping expandable styrene polymers - Google Patents

Antilumping expandable styrene polymers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3819546A
US3819546A US00358531A US35853173A US3819546A US 3819546 A US3819546 A US 3819546A US 00358531 A US00358531 A US 00358531A US 35853173 A US35853173 A US 35853173A US 3819546 A US3819546 A US 3819546A
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particles
parts
poly
methyl methacrylate
beads
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US00358531A
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T Altares
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Lyondell Chemical Technology LP
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Arco Polymers Inc
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Assigned to ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA reassignment ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ARCO POLYMERS, INC., A CORP. OF PA
Assigned to ARCO CHEMICAL COMPANY reassignment ARCO CHEMICAL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY
Assigned to ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY reassignment ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME (SEE RECORD FOR DETAILS) Assignors: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY (MERGED INTO), ATLANTIC RICHFIELD DELAWARE CORPORATION (CHANGED TO)
Assigned to ARCO CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment ARCO CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ARCO CHEMICAL COMPANY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
    • C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for making expandable styrene polymer particles non-lumping on pre-expansion.
  • the particles are generally pre-expanded before introduction into the mold to provide better fusion and less density variation in the molded article.
  • Such a preexpansion is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,023,175 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,360.
  • pre-expanded particles are placed into a mold cavity which defines the shape of the desired finished article.
  • the particles are heated above their softening point, whereupon the particles expand to fill the mold cavity and fuse together.
  • anti-lumping, preexpanded particles are produced by coating styrene polymer particles with a poly(methyl methacrylate) applied to the particles in an aqueous suspension prior to impregnating the particles with expanding agent.
  • the methacrylate must be added to the suspension system prior to the addition of the styrene polymer particles.
  • thermoplastic homopolymers and copolymers can be rendered anti-lumping.
  • the polymers may be derived from vinyl aromatic monomers including styrene, vinyltoluene, isopropylstyrene, alphamethylstyrene, nuclear methylstyrenes, chlorostyrene,
  • tertbutylstyrene etc., as well .as copolymers prepared by the copolymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer with monomers such as butadiene, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride wherein the vinyl aromatic monomer is present in at least 50% by weight of the copolymer.
  • monomers such as butadiene, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride wherein the vinyl aromatic monomer is present in at least 50% by weight of the copolymer.
  • these polymers and copolymers are referred to herein as styrene polymers.
  • the styrene polymers can, of course, be produced by any of the known techniques, for example by suspension or mass polymerization, to obtain particles in the form of beads or pellets.
  • the blowing agent is incorporated into the particles. as in U.S. Pat. No. 2,983,692, by suspending the particles in water with the aid of suspending agent systems such as tricalcium phosphate in combination with an anionic surfactant.
  • the tricalcium phosphate, the anionic surfactant, and water are mixed and thoroughly agitated to form a dispersion.
  • the poly(- methyl methacrylate) is then added to the dispersion and agitated.
  • Thepolymer particles and the blowing agent are then added and the resulting, suspension heated to impregnate the particles with the blowing agent and coat the particles with the methacrylate polymer.
  • Thepoly(methyl methacrylate) is used in amounts of from 0.03 to 0.30 part per 100 parts of polymer particles.
  • the methacrylate may be conveniently used as an aqueous latex having 30-40 per cent solids.
  • poly( methyl methacrylate) is not important so long as these ingredients are mixed prior to the addition of the polymer particles.
  • the blowing agents are compounds which are gases or which will produce gases on heating.
  • Preferred'blowing agents include aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from 1-7 carbon atoms in the molecule, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, and their halogenated derivatives which boil at a temperature below the softening point of the polymer. Mixtures of these agents may also be used, such as a mixture of 40-60% npentane and 60-40% trichlorofluoromethane. Usually from 3 to 20% of blowing agent per parts of polymer is incorporated by the impregnation.
  • the impregnation is conventionally carried out at temperatures ranging from about 60 to C. Increasing the temperature makes the impregnation proceed at a faster rate.
  • the suspension of polymer particles is cooled to room temperatures to allow separation of the impregnated beads from the aqueous phase.
  • the coated, impregnated particles are separated from theaqueous phase by the usual means, such as centrifugation after acidification with hydrochloric acid. The particles are then washed with water and dried.
  • the coating process of the present invention may also be applied to polymer particles which contain various EXAMPLE 1
  • a 12-020 crown capped bottle was added in sequence 100 parts of water, 0.0047 part of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.05 part of poly(methyl methacrylate) (added as aqueous latex having about 30% solids), and 2.0 parts of tricalcium phosphate.
  • the mixture was stirred for several minutes to insure complete mixing.
  • the bottle was then opened and the contents acidified with HCl. The particles were separated from the water, washed with water, and dried.
  • a control sample was prepared using the identical procedure except that the methacrylate polymer latex was omitted.
  • the beads from the control sample were preexpanded in a Rodman Pre-Expander (US. Pat. No. 3,023,175) to a density of about 1.25 p.c.f.
  • the control beads were found to have in excess of 50% lumps.
  • Example ll The process of Example I was repeated using amounts of poly(methyl methacrylate) latex varying from 0.03 to 0.3 parts per 100 parts of polystyrene beads. In all cases, the pre-expanded products contained no lumps.
  • Example I On recovery of the beads from the two-runs, A and B, the beads were pre-expanded as in Example I.
  • the beads from run A had no lumps, whereas those from run B had in excess of lumps.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

Expandable styrene polymer particles are surface-coated with poly(methyl methacrylate) to prevent the particles from lumping together during expansion. The coating is applied by adding 0.030.30 part of poly(methyl methacrylate) to an aqueous suspension of tricalcium phosphate prior to the addition of 100 parts of polymer particles and prior to impregnating the mixture with a blowing agent.

Description

United States Patent [19 Altares, Jr.
ANTILUMPING EXPANDABLE STYRENE POLYMERS Timothy Altares, Jr., Valencia, Pa.
Assignee: Arco Polymers, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Filed: May 9, 1973 Appl. No.: 358,531
Inventor:
US. Cl. 260/2.5 B, 117/100 C, 260/892,
260/898, 260/899, 260/901 Int. Cl. C08j 1/26, B44d 5/00 Field of Search 260/2.5 B
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2/1969 Stahnecker et al. 260/2.5 B
[451 June 25, 1974 3,462,293 8/1969 Voris 260/2.5 B
Primary Examiner-Murray Tillman Assistant ExaminerMorton Foelak Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Dr. Lewis J. Young [5 7] ABSTRACT 2 Claims, No Drawings ANTILUMPING EXPANDABLE STYRENE POLYMERS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a process for making expandable styrene polymer particles non-lumping on pre-expansion.
The making of low density, cellular, shaped, plastic articles from expandable particles of styrene polymers is well-known. Such particles generally contain a blowing agent which boils below the softening point of the polymer andwhich will cause the particles to expand when they are heated.
The particles are generally pre-expanded before introduction into the mold to provide better fusion and less density variation in the molded article. Such a preexpansion is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,023,175 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,360.
These pre-expanded particles are placed into a mold cavity which defines the shape of the desired finished article. The particles are heated above their softening point, whereupon the particles expand to fill the mold cavity and fuse together.
An undesirable result of the pre-expansion before introduction into the mold is the tendency of the preexpanded particles to clump together and from lumps which render the particles unsuitable for molding. These lumps cannot be properly conveyed inprocessing plants and are-unsuitable for charging into molds of intricate contour due to improper fill-out of the molded articles. Even if reasonable fill-out. is achieved, variations in density within the molded article can result and voids also occur.
Various methods have been proposed for the prevention of lumping during pre-expansion, but these have all suffered from some objectionable feature such as rapid loss of blowing agent, poor flow of the treated beads, dust problems which cause plugging of the steam ports, and often serious reduction in fusion of the particles on molding. U.S. Pat. No. 3,520,833, teaches the addition of lecithin during the impregnation of the particles with the blowing agent. Unfortunately the leeithin imparts an undesirable odor to the molded articles. U.S. Pat. No. 3,462,293, teaches to coat the particles with polymeric materials by a fluid'bed process. This process involves an additional expense of fluidizing the particles and coating with the polymer latexes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that anti-lumping, preexpanded particles are produced by coating styrene polymer particles with a poly(methyl methacrylate) applied to the particles in an aqueous suspension prior to impregnating the particles with expanding agent. The methacrylate must be added to the suspension system prior to the addition of the styrene polymer particles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with this invention, a variety of expandable thermoplastic homopolymers and copolymers can be rendered anti-lumping. The polymers may be derived from vinyl aromatic monomers including styrene, vinyltoluene, isopropylstyrene, alphamethylstyrene, nuclear methylstyrenes, chlorostyrene,
tertbutylstyrene, etc., as well .as copolymers prepared by the copolymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer with monomers such as butadiene, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride wherein the vinyl aromatic monomer is present in at least 50% by weight of the copolymer. For the purpose of convenience, these polymers and copolymers are referred to herein as styrene polymers.
The styrene polymers can, of course, be produced by any of the known techniques, for example by suspension or mass polymerization, to obtain particles in the form of beads or pellets.
To render the polymer particles expandable. the blowing agent is incorporated into the particles. as in U.S. Pat. No. 2,983,692, by suspending the particles in water with the aid of suspending agent systems such as tricalcium phosphate in combination with an anionic surfactant.
In the process of the invention, the tricalcium phosphate, the anionic surfactant, and water are mixed and thoroughly agitated to form a dispersion. The poly(- methyl methacrylate) is then added to the dispersion and agitated. Thepolymer particles and the blowing agent are then added and the resulting, suspension heated to impregnate the particles with the blowing agent and coat the particles with the methacrylate polymer. After cooling the particles to room temperature, acidifying the slurry with hydrochloric acid, separating the particles from the aqueous medium, and washing them, the particles are dried to produce expandable styrene polymer particles which will notlump together on pre-expansion with heat.
Thepoly(methyl methacrylate) is used in amounts of from 0.03 to 0.30 part per 100 parts of polymer particles. The methacrylate may be conveniently used as an aqueous latex having 30-40 per cent solids.
The order of addition of the surfactant, phosphate,
' and poly( methyl methacrylate) is not important so long as these ingredients are mixed prior to the addition of the polymer particles.
The blowing agents are compounds which are gases or which will produce gases on heating. Preferred'blowing agents include aliphatic hydrocarbons containing from 1-7 carbon atoms in the molecule, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, and their halogenated derivatives which boil at a temperature below the softening point of the polymer. Mixtures of these agents may also be used, such as a mixture of 40-60% npentane and 60-40% trichlorofluoromethane. Usually from 3 to 20% of blowing agent per parts of polymer is incorporated by the impregnation.
The impregnation is conventionally carried out at temperatures ranging from about 60 to C. Increasing the temperature makes the impregnation proceed at a faster rate.
After the impregnation is completed, the suspension of polymer particles is cooled to room temperatures to allow separation of the impregnated beads from the aqueous phase.
The coated, impregnated particles are separated from theaqueous phase by the usual means, such as centrifugation after acidification with hydrochloric acid. The particles are then washed with water and dried.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the coating process of the present invention may also be applied to polymer particles which contain various EXAMPLE 1 To a 12-020 crown capped bottle was added in sequence 100 parts of water, 0.0047 part of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.05 part of poly(methyl methacrylate) (added as aqueous latex having about 30% solids), and 2.0 parts of tricalcium phosphate. The mixture was stirred for several minutes to insure complete mixing. There was then added 100 parts of polystyrene particles having a particle size of predominately through 16 and on 35 mesh, US Standard Sieve, and 9.0 parts of n-pentane. The bottle was then opened and the contents acidified with HCl. The particles were separated from the water, washed with water, and dried.
A control sample was prepared using the identical procedure except that the methacrylate polymer latex was omitted.
The beads from the control sample were preexpanded in a Rodman Pre-Expander (US. Pat. No. 3,023,175) to a density of about 1.25 p.c.f. The control beads were found to have in excess of 50% lumps.
Similar treatment of the beads treated with the poly(- methyl methacrylate) gave pre-expanded beads having no lumps 0.05%).
Examination of the beads treated with poly(methyl methacrylate) under an electron scanning microscope showed that the beads were evenly coated on their surface with the poly(methyl methacrylate).
EXAMPLE ll The process of Example I was repeated using amounts of poly(methyl methacrylate) latex varying from 0.03 to 0.3 parts per 100 parts of polystyrene beads. In all cases, the pre-expanded products contained no lumps.
EXAMPLE [II To illustrate the necessity of mixing the suspending agent system with the methacrylate polymer before adding the styrene polymer particles, two runs were made as follows:
A. To a 12-02. crown capped bottle was added, sequentially, 100 parts of water, 0.0025 part of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.075 part poly(methyl methacrylate) (added as a latex having about 40% so]- ids), 1.2 parts of tricalcium phosphate, 100 parts of polystyrene beads (as in Example I), and 9.0 parts npentane. After each addition, the mixture was stirred vigorously to insure good dispersion of the ingredients. The bottle was then capped and heated with end-overend agitation for 2 hours at 110 C.
B. To a 12 02. crown capped bottle was added, sequentially, 100 parts of water, 0.0025 part of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 1.2 parts of tricalcium phosphate; and 100 parts of polystyrene beads. The mixture was stirred vigorously after each addition. The bottle was capped and heated to C. with agitation; then cooled, opened and 0.075 part of poly(methyl methacrylate) and 9.0 parts of n-pentane added. The bottle was then recapped and heated for 2 hours at 110 C. with agitation.
On recovery of the beads from the two-runs, A and B, the beads were pre-expanded as in Example I. The beads from run A had no lumps, whereas those from run B had in excess of lumps.
What is claimed is:
1. In a process for making expandable styrene polymer particles by suspending styrene polymer particles in water containing a difficultly water-soluble inorganic suspending agent which may be extended by a surfaceactive agent and thereafter impregnating said particles with a blowing agent, the improvement comprising: adding to the water, prior to adding the polymer particles, from 0.03 to 0.3 parts of poly(methyl methacrylate) solids per parts of polymer particles, whereby the expandable particles are coated with the methacrylate polymer.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said poly(methyl methacrylate) is in the form of an aqueous latex having 3040% solids.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein said poly(methyl methacrylate) is in the form of an aqueous latex having 30-40% solids.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080344A (en) * 1974-03-28 1978-03-21 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for the production of expandable ethylenically unsaturated polymer particles
US4269871A (en) * 1980-06-30 1981-05-26 Arco Polymers, Inc. Antilumping expandable styrene polymers
US4698367A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-10-06 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Expandable thermoplastic resin particles
US6167892B1 (en) * 1996-10-17 2001-01-02 Kaneka Corporation Method for washing prefoamed particles

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3428579A (en) * 1964-04-01 1969-02-18 Basf Ag Expandable finely divided plastics compositions
US3462293A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-08-19 Koppers Co Inc Coated expandable polystyrene

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3428579A (en) * 1964-04-01 1969-02-18 Basf Ag Expandable finely divided plastics compositions
US3462293A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-08-19 Koppers Co Inc Coated expandable polystyrene

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080344A (en) * 1974-03-28 1978-03-21 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for the production of expandable ethylenically unsaturated polymer particles
US4269871A (en) * 1980-06-30 1981-05-26 Arco Polymers, Inc. Antilumping expandable styrene polymers
US4698367A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-10-06 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Expandable thermoplastic resin particles
US6167892B1 (en) * 1996-10-17 2001-01-02 Kaneka Corporation Method for washing prefoamed particles

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