US3818681A - Gas scrubbing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Gas scrubbing method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3818681A
US3818681A US00166420A US16642071A US3818681A US 3818681 A US3818681 A US 3818681A US 00166420 A US00166420 A US 00166420A US 16642071 A US16642071 A US 16642071A US 3818681 A US3818681 A US 3818681A
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Prior art keywords
venturi
liquid
gas
throat
upwardly
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US00166420A
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English (en)
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H Loquenz
H Weber
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Waagner Biro AG
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Waagner Biro AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/10—Venturi scrubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/54—Venturi scrubbers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A gas scrubbing method and apparatus according to which the gas which is to be cleaned is directed upwardly toward the throat of a Venturi while a curtain of liquid is dropped downwardly along the upwardly flowing gas at the entrance to the Venturi so that the gas will direct the falling liquid upwardly with the gas through the throat of the Venturi after which the liquid is separated from the gas and returned to the falling curtain of liquid.
  • the Venturi is arranged vertically with the gas flowing upwardly along the interior thereof, and the structure which supplies the liquid is situated at the entrance zone of the Venturi and acts as a baffle for dividing the gas into subsidiary streams which become united at the throat of the Venturi.
  • the Venturi throat is adjusted by a suitable adjusting structure so as to have a cross section adapted to the gas flowing through the Venturi, and the curtain of liquid engaged by the upwardly flowing gas is formed into droplets which are distributed throughout the cross section of the gas.
  • the present invention relates to gas scrubbing methods and apparatus.
  • gases are cleaned by scrubbers where liquid droplets will be suspended in the gas to re move impurities therefrom.
  • the gas-cleaning liquid is conventionally introduced into the gas stream by way of suitable nozzles.
  • the gas which is to be cleaned is directed upwardly through a Venturi into a coverging portion thereof and then through a throat and diverging portion thereof.
  • a curtain of cleaning liquid is dropped at the entrance zone of the Venturi so that the gas engages the falling curtain of liquid and redirects the same upwardly through the Venturi in the form of droplets distributed throughout the cross section of the upwardly flowing stream of gas.
  • Downstream of the Venturi the liquid is separated from the gas and is then redirected to the falling curtain so that the liquid is recirculated.
  • the apparatus of the invention includes at the entrance zone to the Venturi a liquid-supply means which provides for overflow of the liquid so that it falls from the liquid-supply means to form the falling curtain engaged by the upwardly flowing gas.
  • An adjusting means is provided for adjusting the throat of the Venturi in accordance with the amount of gas flowing therethrough.
  • Downstream of the Venturi is a cyclone means for separating liquid from the gas, and a conduit means provides for a return of the separated liquid to the liquidsupply means.
  • An adjusting means coacts with the liquid-supply means for adjusting the position of the latter, and the liquid-supply means is preferably situated centrally in the Venturi and acts as a baffle for dividing the gas stream into a pair of subsidiary streams which are united at the throat of the Venturi.
  • a flow-control means for providing a uniform flow of fluid, this flowcontrol means taking the form, for example, of a perforated cone through which the fluid must flow.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation of a gas scrubber according to the invention for carrying out the method of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration at a scale which is enlarged as compared to FIG. 1 of that part of the gas scrubber where the gas enters into the Venturi means.
  • FIG. 2 illustrating details of the'liquid-supply means and the Venturi means itself;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2 in the direction of the arrows and illustrating further details.
  • a vertically extending closed conduit means 1 forms a Venturi means 2.
  • the conduit 1 may include an outer elongated pipe in which the Venturi means 2 is situated with the diverging portion 22 of the Venturi means extending upwardly beyond the outer pipe which encloses the throat and converging portion as well as the entrance zone of the Venturi, as indicated at the lower part of FIG. 1.
  • Any suitable blower or the like is used to propel the raw gas which is to be cleaned upwardly along the interior of the Venturi means 2, as indicated by the arrow 6 in FIG. 1.
  • the Venturi means 2 has a lower entrance zone 3 provided with a liquid-supply means 4 which is situated centrally within the entrance zone 3.
  • the Venturi means 2 is preferably of rectangular cross section and has side walls perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1.
  • the liquid-supply means 4 is situated in the entrance zone 3 centrally thereof in the sense that the liquid-supply means 4 extends perpendicularly across the axis of the Venturi and is situated midway between the side walls thereof.
  • the liquid-supply means 4 is in the form of an elongated tubular enclosure or trough which extends horizontally across the perpendicular axis of the Venturi. As is indicated schematically in FIG. 2, the liquid-supply means 4 supplies liquid in such a way that the liquid collected in the liquid-supply means overflows out of the latter to form a pair of falling curtains of liquid 5, and these falling curtains of liquid 5 drop with no forces applied thereto except for the gravitational forces resulting from overflow ,of the liquid out of the liquid-supply means 4.
  • liquid-supply means 4 in the manner described above extending horizontally across the axis of the Venturi midway between the side walls thereof, enables the liquid-supply means 4 to function also as a baffle which divides the incoming stream 6 of raw gas, which is directed between the falling curtains 5, at least initially into a vertically extending passage enclosed at least in part by the falling liquid walls formed by the curtains 5, into a pair of subsidiary streams 7 and 8 which flow around the liquid-supply means 4 between the latter and the Venturi side walls, respectively.
  • the liquid-supply means 4 is situated in alignment with and beneath the throat of the Venturi in relatively close proximity thereto so that the subsidiary streams 7 and 8 again join each other at the Venturi throat, which is the narrowest part of the Venturi, or in other words the part of the Venturi which has the smallest cross section, so that a single fluid stream is again formed at the Venturi throat to continue flowing upwardly along the Venturi. Downstream of the narrowest part of the Venturi at the throat thereof the cross section of the Venturi becomes gradually wider through the diverging portion 22 thereof which forms a diffuser along the interior of which the fluid flows.
  • a cyclone separator means 9 is situated downstream of the Venturi means 2, which is to say downstream of the diverging portion 22 thereof, for receiving the fluid from the Venturi in order to separate the liquid phase from the gaseous phase thereof.
  • the liquid separated by the cyclone means 9 is received in a receiving means 10 in the form ofsuitable chambers into which the cen trifugally separated liquid falls.
  • the cyclone means 9 will in a known way provide whirling of the gas and liquid droplets around the vertical axis of the Venturi downstream of the latter, so that the heavier liquid particles will be thrown out to the side walls and will collect in the receiving means 10.
  • Return conduit means 11 communicate with the receiving means 10 and also communicate with the liquid-supply means 4 so as to return to the latter the liquid separated by the cyclone means, and in this way at least a partial recirculation of the washing liquid is provided.
  • the illustrated example there are a pair of return conduits 11. These may be provided with unillustrated control devices for controlling the return flow of the washing liquid as well as for providing at least a relatively course cleaning of the liquid before it reaches the liquid-supply means 4.
  • suitable filters may be provided in the return flow conduits 11 to filter out particles from the liquid.
  • these conduits can be provided with devices for introducing desirable components into the washing liquid.
  • a flow-control means is situated between the Venturi means 2 and the cyclone means 9 for providing a uniform flow ofthc fluid from the Venturi means to the cyclone means.
  • this flow control means takes the form ol'a perforated plate 12 having the form of a hollow cone, so that the fluid must flow through the perforations of this cone before reaching the part of the cyclone means where separation of the liquid from the gaseous phase takes place, and in this way a uniformity in the flow of the fluid to the cyclone means is achieved.
  • the conduit means 1 is provided between the diffuser or diverging portion 22 of the Venturi means and the cyclone means 9 with a diverging conduit portion 26 which continues the gradual widening of the diffusing portion 22, and it is in this conduit portion 26 that the flow-control means 12 is located.
  • the scrubber of the invention Downstream of the cyclone means 9 the scrubber of the invention includes an additional conduit means for changing the direction of flow of the fluid.
  • the scrubber has a curved conduit portion 14 communicating with the cyclone means 9 to receive 4 therefrom gas from which liquid has been separated, and this conduit means 14 curves through so as to change the direction of gas flow from an upward flow to a downward flow.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illus trates details of the entrance zone 3 and the structure situated just above the latter.
  • the liquid-supply means 4 is in the form of an elongated horizontally extending pipe or tube which is perpendicular to the plane of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates to the arrangement of the openings 24 along one side of the liquid-supply means 4.
  • the falling overflow curtains 5 When the raw gas 6 is delivered at full load upwardly through the Venturi means, the falling overflow curtains 5 have their directions of flow completely reversed and are formed by the energy of the upwardly flowing gas into a field of droplets 13 having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 from which it is apparent that the falling curtains 5 are converted into a field of droplets distributed throughout the entire cross section of the upwardly flowing gas.
  • the falling curtains 5 are conveyed by the upwardly flowing gas stream away from the falling direction into the direction of travel of the gas stream.
  • the curtains 5 may be curved to take the form of the curved walls of liquid 25 schematically represented in FIG. 2, and in this case also there is a simultaneous distribution of the washing liquid throughout the entire cross section of the flowing gas stream so that the best possible cleaning effect is achieved.
  • the liquid-supply means 4 is provided in its interior with a means for preventing waves or turbulence in the collected liquid.
  • the conduits 11 respectively communicate with horizontal conduits 21 which direct the returned liquid into the liquid-supply means 4, as is also indicated in FIG. 3, and these pipes or conduits 21 are almost completely surrounded by an inner group of plates 18 while situated in the interior of the liquidsupply means 4 there are also the inclined baffle plates indicated in FIG. 2. These plates serve to prevent turbulence or waves in the liquid collected within the liquid-supply means 4, so that a smooth flow of liquid through the apertures 24 is assured.
  • the pipes 21 of course have open ends within the interior of the supply means 4.
  • the Venturi means 2 may be provided at its front and rear walls with elongated openings 30 which are at all times closed by the end walls of the liquid-supply means 4, so that in this way the interior of the Venturi means is maintained fluid-tightly closed off from the outer atmosphere.
  • the Venturi means 2 carries at its front and rear walls on suitable bearings rotary screws 32 which are threaded through extensions 34 which are fixed to the closed end walls of the supply means 4 and which extend through the openings 30 in the manner shown schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the liquid-supply means By situating the liquid-supply means nearer to or further from the throat of the Venturi, it is possible because of the baffle-type of action of the liquid-supply means, to control the manner in which the gas is divided to form the subsidiary streams, as well as to control the subsidiary streams, and thus it is possible to control the treatment of the gas through this elevational adjustment of the liquid-supply means 4. It is possible, for example, to provide a means which responds automatically to the rate of flow of the raw gas so as to regulate automatically the elevation of the liquid-supply means in accordance with the speed with which the gas flows through the Venturi means.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates additional possible adjustments.
  • FIG. 2 shows the wall portion 16 and 17 in one position in solid lines and in a second position in dotted lines.
  • liquid-supply means an inner wall which extends across the interior of and defines part of the inner surface of the Venturi, this wall then being formed with apertures such as the openings 24 in order to provide a falling curtain of liquid to engage the upwardly flowing gas.
  • the gas is directed upwardly toward the converging portion of the Venturi inside a passage which is defined at least in part by the falling curtains of liquid 5, while at the same time travel of the gas directly to the throat of the Venturi is blocked by the baffle structure which is formed by the liquid-supply means so that the gas is compelled to flow around the baffle structure from the inside of the passage which is defined at least in part by the falling curtains 5 to the outside of the passage, the gas being delivered at a speed sufficiently great to deflect the curtains of liquid upwardly into the throat of the Venturi with the gas in the form of droplets which are spread throughout the entire cross section of the gas which flows through the throat of the Venturi, so that in this way an exceedingly effective cleaning action is achieved with the gas and liquid droplets suspended therein being carried along upwardly beyond the throat of the Venturi to the cyclone where the liquid is separated from the gas and returned to the liquid-supply means as described above.
  • the liquidsupply means forms not only a baffle around which the gas is deflected in the converging zone of the Venturi before reaching the throat of the Venturi, but in addition the liquid-supply means supplies a curtain of liquid which defines at least part of the passage in which the gas travels toward the baffle structure formed by the liquid-supply means so that the gas must deflect the curtain of liquid while traveling out of the passage defined by the falling curtain, so that the gas will become intimately associated with the liquid curtain which is deflected, breaking the curtain up into droplets which are carried along with the gas up through the throat of the Venturi.
  • the liquid-supply means requires no nozzles through which the liquid is delivered under pressure to the interior of the Venturi means.
  • the use of such nozzles makes the use of clear treating liquid essential since any particles in the liquid would tend to clog the nozzles. Therefore, by reason of the fact that such nozzles are not required with the structure of the invention, it is possible to suspend in the liquid desirable components and it is possible to wash the gas with suitable slurries, for example. In this way it is possible to control the composition of the washing liquid, as by introducing desirable components into the liquid at suitable locations of the conduits 11, as pointed out above.
  • washing liquid can be used not only to remove solids from the gas but also to absorb undesirable gases which are included in the raw gas, and of course in this way it is possible to remove harmful gas portions from the raw gas.
  • washing liquid can, be-
  • a gas scrubbing method the steps of dropping a curtain of liquid downwardly along the interior of a converging portion of a Venturi which has above said converging portion a throat and a diverging portion above said throat, so that the curtain falls in a vertical downward direction, and forming with said falling curtain a liquid wall enclosing at least part of a vertical passage for receiving an upwardly flowing gas to be cleaned and forming with the structure from which the liquid curtain drops a baffle preventing direct flow of a gas along the Venturi axis toward the throat thereof and instead compelling the gas to flow around the baffle out of the passage which is enclosed at least in part by the falling curtain of liquid before reaching the throat of the Venturi, simultaneously directing upwardly through the Venturi toward said converging portion thereof along the interior of said passage toward said baffle at least some gas to be cleaned by the dropping curtain of liquid at a speed sufficiently great for the gas to flow around the baffle to the throat of the Venturi while deflecting the falling liquid upwardly through the Venturi with the gas
  • elongated generally vertical Venturi means having a lower entrance zone above which said Venturi means has a converging portion followed by a Venturi throat which in turn is followed by a diverging Venturi portion
  • liquid-supply means situated in said Venturi means at said entrance zone thereof for dropping downwardly along the interior of the Venturi means a curtain of liquid forming a falling liquid wall enclosing at least part of a passage for receiving a gas flowing upwardly through said Venturi means toward said converging portion thereof, said liquid-supply means blocking the flow of gas directly into the throat of the Venturi and forming a baffle around which the gas must flow before reaching the Venturi throat, thus compelling the gas to deflect the liquid curtain upwardly with the gas toward the Venturi throat, and gassupply means connected to an inlet of said Venturi means below said liquid-supply means for directing gas to be cleaned upwardly along the interior of said Venturi means toward said liquid-supply means, separator means forming an extension of and situated downstream of said Venturi means in communication

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
US00166420A 1971-02-01 1971-07-27 Gas scrubbing method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3818681A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83571*#A AT330136B (de) 1971-02-01 1971-02-01 Wascheinrichtung fur staubhaltige oder durch schadgasbestandteile verunreinigte rohgasstrome

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US3818681A true US3818681A (en) 1974-06-25

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US00166420A Expired - Lifetime US3818681A (en) 1971-02-01 1971-07-27 Gas scrubbing method and apparatus

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US (1) US3818681A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5717568B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT330136B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2163718B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2124275B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1342997A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026682A (en) * 1973-11-08 1977-05-31 General Resource Corporation Method of changing the length of a Venturi throat
US5484471A (en) * 1992-06-25 1996-01-16 Envirocare International, Inc. Venturi scrubber and method of using the same
US10369506B1 (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-08-06 Physician Electronic Networks LLC System, method, and apparatus to reduce urban air pollution
US11850606B2 (en) 2020-09-09 2023-12-26 Industrial Technology Research Institute Particles capturing system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871973A (en) * 1955-03-04 1959-02-03 Belge Prat Daniel Sa Soc Apparatus for washing gases
US2913232A (en) * 1956-08-29 1959-11-17 Cottrell Res Inc Gas treating device
US3199267A (en) * 1961-01-19 1965-08-10 Bischoff Gottfried Gas scrubber
US3556489A (en) * 1966-08-15 1971-01-19 Nippon Steel Corp Wet type gas scrubber
US3616613A (en) * 1967-09-14 1971-11-02 Waagner Biro Ag Venturi apparatus for scrubbing gas
US3626667A (en) * 1970-01-06 1971-12-14 Ronald Hershberger J Scrubbing method and apparatus
US3631656A (en) * 1967-10-04 1972-01-04 Bischoff Gasreinigung Apparatus for cooling and cleansing gas under pressure
US3675397A (en) * 1970-12-09 1972-07-11 James S Deacon Method and apparatus for removing entrained dust particles from a gaseous stream

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3048956A (en) * 1959-03-03 1962-08-14 Claude B Schneible Co Particle and fluid collector
US3393901A (en) * 1965-01-06 1968-07-23 American Air Filter Co Gas scrubbing apparatus
US3544086A (en) * 1968-08-19 1970-12-01 Chemical Construction Corp Adjustable annular venturi scrubber
FR2085316A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-04-08 1971-12-24 Charbonnages De France

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2871973A (en) * 1955-03-04 1959-02-03 Belge Prat Daniel Sa Soc Apparatus for washing gases
US2913232A (en) * 1956-08-29 1959-11-17 Cottrell Res Inc Gas treating device
US3199267A (en) * 1961-01-19 1965-08-10 Bischoff Gottfried Gas scrubber
US3556489A (en) * 1966-08-15 1971-01-19 Nippon Steel Corp Wet type gas scrubber
US3616613A (en) * 1967-09-14 1971-11-02 Waagner Biro Ag Venturi apparatus for scrubbing gas
US3631656A (en) * 1967-10-04 1972-01-04 Bischoff Gasreinigung Apparatus for cooling and cleansing gas under pressure
US3626667A (en) * 1970-01-06 1971-12-14 Ronald Hershberger J Scrubbing method and apparatus
US3675397A (en) * 1970-12-09 1972-07-11 James S Deacon Method and apparatus for removing entrained dust particles from a gaseous stream

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026682A (en) * 1973-11-08 1977-05-31 General Resource Corporation Method of changing the length of a Venturi throat
US5484471A (en) * 1992-06-25 1996-01-16 Envirocare International, Inc. Venturi scrubber and method of using the same
US10369506B1 (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-08-06 Physician Electronic Networks LLC System, method, and apparatus to reduce urban air pollution
US11850606B2 (en) 2020-09-09 2023-12-26 Industrial Technology Research Institute Particles capturing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5717568B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-04-12
FR2124275B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-12-03
DE2163718B2 (de) 1973-09-27
DE2163718A1 (de) 1972-08-24
AT330136B (de) 1976-06-10
ATA83571A (de) 1975-09-15
GB1342997A (en) 1974-01-10
FR2124275A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-22

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