US3817281A - Underwater multiple fluid line connector - Google Patents

Underwater multiple fluid line connector Download PDF

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Publication number
US3817281A
US3817281A US00355702A US35570273A US3817281A US 3817281 A US3817281 A US 3817281A US 00355702 A US00355702 A US 00355702A US 35570273 A US35570273 A US 35570273A US 3817281 A US3817281 A US 3817281A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
receptacle
combination
faces
ducting
shaped member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00355702A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Lewis
F Murman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydril LLC
Original Assignee
Hydril LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydril LLC filed Critical Hydril LLC
Priority to US00355702A priority Critical patent/US3817281A/en
Priority to GB1571374A priority patent/GB1426156A/en
Priority to NL7404931.A priority patent/NL158886B/xx
Priority to IT50568/74A priority patent/IT1011273B/it
Priority to JP4708874A priority patent/JPS5418646B2/ja
Priority to DE2420929A priority patent/DE2420929C3/de
Priority to CA198,338A priority patent/CA999234A/en
Priority to FR7415103A priority patent/FR2227488B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3817281A publication Critical patent/US3817281A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E21B33/038—Connectors used on well heads, e.g. for connecting blow-out preventer and riser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/002—Couplings of the quick-acting type which can be controlled at a distance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/56—Couplings of the quick-acting type for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L39/00—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87153—Plural noncommunicating flow paths

Definitions

  • Another problem has to do with making pressure connection to actuators carried by the vertically separable sections of the stack, via receptacle means accommodating such separation.
  • the invention is embodied in apparatus that comprises upwardly opening receptacle means to be carried by the undersea equipment and having opposed interior faces which are substantially flat, i.e., not annular, and which taper downwardly, there being ducting in the receptacle means and opening at at least one of the faces; and, a wedge-shaped member displaced downwardly to seat telescopically in the receptacle means, that member having exterior faces which are substantially flat and which taper downwardly, there being ducting in the member and opening at at leastone of the exterior faces for communicating with the ducting in the receptacle means in responseto such seating.
  • the flat face construction of the wedge member and receptacle means obviates problems of proper duct registration, and enables the provision of more ducts per unit face area and improved sealing about the ducts (since sealing is against a flat face, not a conical face).
  • Additional features include the provision for locking of the wedge member to the receptacle means; guiding of the wedge member into the receptacle means; and the supporting of the wedge member and receptacles in the manner to be described.
  • FIGS. la and lb shown in elevation, an underwater stack of well head equipment
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevation showing a multiple fluid line connector prior to make-up
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation taken on lines 3-3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view like FIG. 3, but showing the connector fully made-up, as depicted in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an elevation taken on lines 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a valve and actuator diagram.
  • V-shaped receptacle 13 has arms 15 car- I rying pads 16 defining opposed interior flat faces 16a.
  • the two receptacles 12 and 13 are relatively vertically movable, the former being attached as by structure 17 to and at the side of a first or upper section of an underwater stack of well head equipment, and the latter receptacle 13 being attached as by structure 18 to and at the side of a second or lower section of the stack.
  • the upper section of the stack is vertically movable relative to the lower section, as will appear in the later discussion of FIG. 1.
  • Structure 18 includes a tubular element 18a which downwardly receives a stem 19 integral with arms 15 via plates 20 and 21.
  • An elastomer sleeve 22 is bonded to both the stem 19 element 18a, and serves as a spring to yieldably resist slight downward deflection of receptacle l3 relative to receptacle 12, allowing controlled make-up of the underwater connection, as will appear.
  • FIG. 3 shows the elastomer sleeve 22 prior to downward deflection, whereas in FIG. 5 the sleeve has been yieldably and resiliently deflected downwardly in shear, and by the amount r seen in FIG. 2.
  • the apparatus also includes a wedge-shaped member, as for example is indicated at 24, which is to be displaced downwardly to seat on the receptacle means,
  • That member having exterior faces which are substantially flat and which taper downwardly. Further, ducting in that member opens at at least one of the exterior faces for communication with the ducting in the receptacle means as a result of connector make-up.
  • V-shaped wedge member 24 has arms or plates 25 defining exterior flat faces 25a inclined at the same angularity from vertical as interior faces 14a and 16a of the receptacles. Accordingly, upon completion of make-up as seen in FIG. 4, the faces 25a flatly engage faces 14a and 16a.
  • the referenced ducting in the receptacle means may include the multiple ducts 26 in the arms 14 of receptacle member 12, and multiple ducts 27 in the pads 16 carried by arms 15 of receptacle member 13. Such ducts open at the interior faces 14a and 16a as described and shown.
  • the referenced ducting in the wedge member 24 may include the multipleducts 28 and 29 in the arms or plates 25, and opening at the exterior faces 25a so as to register and communicate with the described ducts in the receptacle members. Upon downward displacement of wedge-shaped connector member 24, the latter initially seats in receptacle member 13 (i.e., against faces 14a of the latter).
  • the interior faces 14a and 16a of the receptacle members are each positively engaged by the exterior faces 25a of the wedge member; the ducts 28 in member 24 are in full registration with the ducts 26 in the receptacle member 12, and the ducts 29 in the member 24 are in full registration with the ducts in member 13.
  • Provision for elastomer sealing about the mouths of the registered ducts may be more in accordance with the description in the co-pending application of George E. Lewis entitled Underwater Sealing of Exposed Ports In Relatively Closable Members," such seals indicated at 90 in FIG. 5.
  • the receptacles l2 and 13 have vertically interfitting relation; thus, for example, the arms 14 of receptacle 12 straddle the arms 16 of receptacle 13, as seen in FIG. 2, each pair of arms 14 being interconnected by the lateral plate structure 30.
  • end plates 31 are joined to opposite ends of the downwardly tapering arms 14, and have upwardly flaring ends 310 acting as guides for laterally guiding opposite ends 32 of the member 24 during downward lowering of the latter so as to guide the wedge member 24 into vertical alignment with the receptacle members.
  • the member 24 is shown as supported by a cable 33 via intervening structure 34.
  • the latter includes a frame 35 from which the member 24 is suspended via support plates 36, and a universal joint connection 37 between the frame and the cable.
  • Frame 35 carries a number of valves 38 located within protective housings 39 also carried by the frame for removal in order to gain access to the valves during inspection or repair intervals at the ocean surface.
  • each valve may be of the 4-way type,
  • fluid pressure from a source 41 passes via line 41a and the port 42 in the valve body 43 to a line 44 that extends to an actuator 45 via the described connector apparatus.
  • the latter is schematically indicated by the block 46.
  • Pressure is delivered to actuator chamber 47 to urge the piston 48 in the direction of arrow 49, and pressure in chamber 50 at the opposite side of the piston is exhausted to the sea via connector block 46, line 51, port 52 in the valve body, check valve 52a and outlet 53.
  • pressure is supplied to chamber 50 and exhausted from chamber 47.
  • the actuator drives a tool 54 representing a wide variety of subsea tools, such as rams, blowout preventers, well head connectors, valves, etc.
  • the connector block 46 may represent interengaged members 24 and 13, whereas if the tool is located on the upper (removable) section of the undersea stack, the connector 46 mayrepresent interengaged members 24 and 12.
  • Lines 44 and 51 are also shown in FIGS. 3.and 4, the latter Figure additionally showing lines 60 and 61 extending between the connector and the actuator.
  • Such means may include bolt mechanism, as for example laterally and downwardly extending bolt arms 64, and an actuator 65 therefore associated with the wedge shaped member 24.
  • the arms 64 may have toggle configuration with pivotal connection at 66 to the actuator plunger 67 which extends vertically, the actuator carried by the frame 35 via crosspiece 68.
  • the locking means may also include keepers in the form of lateral slots 69 in the end plates 31 of receptacle member 11.
  • the bolt arms 64 are spread by the actuator 65 to terminally enter the keeper slots, the toggle spreading of the arms exerting great vertical force to forcibly lock the member 24 to the receptacle 12. Additional slots 71 in plates 36 pass the bolt arms 64. Blocks 98 on member 24 guide the ends of the bolts in a spreading direction.
  • a typical underwater stack 70 of equipment includes an upper section 71 and a lower section 72 as previously referred to.
  • upper section includes, in vertical sequence, a riser section 73, ball joint 74, blow-out preventer 75, and well head connector 76.
  • Each one of a pair of receptacles 12 at opposite sides of the stack is rigidly connected at 17 to the connector 76.
  • the lower section 72 of the stack may typically include, in vertical sequence, a stub casing 78 (to which connector 76 connects), blow-out preventer 79, hydraulic rams 80, and well head connector 81, the latter attaching to stub casing 82 projecting upwardly from the well.
  • Fluid pressure accumulators 83 are carried by the stack, and may be connected to the valves, 38, via the receptacle means and wedge shaped member as described.
  • Receptacle members 13 are connected with the lower stack via structure 18a and bracket arms 85. Guide lines for the stack upper section appear at 86.
  • connector apparatus capable of making underwater fluid pressure connection with underwater equipment, the combination comprising a. upwardly opening receptacle means to be carried by the underwater equipment, said means having opposed interior faces which are substantially flat and which taper downwardly, there being ducting in the receptacle means and terminating at at least one of said faces,
  • said receptacle means comprising first and second vertically interfitting receptacles, the first receptacle generally horizontally straddling the second receptacle and ducting extending in each of the receptacles and opening at generally horizontally spaced interior faces of the receptacles, and
  • d. means supporting the second receptacle for yieldable downward deflection relative to the first receptacle so that the wedge shaped member seats downwardly initially against second receptacle interior faces and then against first receptacle interior faces.
  • said ducting comprises multiple ducts in the wedge shaped member and multiple ducts in the receptacle means, the duct openings in said faces of the wedge shaped member and receptacle means being in registration.
  • said locking means includes bolt mechanism and an actuator therefor associated with the wedge shaped member, and keeper mechanism on one of the receptacles to receive the bolt mechanism in response to displacement of the bolt mechanism by the actuator.
  • said equipment comprises a stack of underwater well head equipment, and means to elevate the first section relative to the second section.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00355702A 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 Underwater multiple fluid line connector Expired - Lifetime US3817281A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00355702A US3817281A (en) 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 Underwater multiple fluid line connector
GB1571374A GB1426156A (en) 1973-04-30 1974-04-09 Underwater multiple fluid line connector
NL7404931.A NL158886B (nl) 1973-04-30 1974-04-10 Koppeling voor drukmediumleidingen onder water.
IT50568/74A IT1011273B (it) 1973-04-30 1974-04-23 Collegamento subacqueo per condotti di fluido multipli
JP4708874A JPS5418646B2 (it) 1973-04-30 1974-04-25
DE2420929A DE2420929C3 (de) 1973-04-30 1974-04-26 Einrichtung zum Herstellen einer Unterwasserdruckmittelverbindung mit einer Unterwasserausrüstung
CA198,338A CA999234A (en) 1973-04-30 1974-04-29 Underwater multiple fluid line connector
FR7415103A FR2227488B1 (it) 1973-04-30 1974-04-30

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00355702A US3817281A (en) 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 Underwater multiple fluid line connector

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3817281A true US3817281A (en) 1974-06-18

Family

ID=23398467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00355702A Expired - Lifetime US3817281A (en) 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 Underwater multiple fluid line connector

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3817281A (it)
JP (1) JPS5418646B2 (it)
CA (1) CA999234A (it)
DE (1) DE2420929C3 (it)
FR (1) FR2227488B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1426156A (it)
IT (1) IT1011273B (it)
NL (1) NL158886B (it)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2441123A1 (fr) * 1978-11-09 1980-06-06 Vetco Inc Raccord a emboitement pour commande hydraulique
US4223920A (en) * 1977-11-25 1980-09-23 Vetco, Inc. Vertically retrievable subsea conduit connector
US4328826A (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-05-11 Koomey, Inc. Underwater fluid connector
FR2522384A1 (fr) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-02 Koomey Inc Valve a tiroir a commande pilote
US4404989A (en) * 1981-08-03 1983-09-20 Koomey, Inc. Underwater connector for fluid lines
FR2527739A1 (fr) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-02 Vetco Offshore Ind Inc Connecteur hydraulique sous-marin de commande
US4444218A (en) * 1980-10-30 1984-04-24 Koomey, Inc. Underwater fluid connector
US4457489A (en) * 1981-07-13 1984-07-03 Gilmore Samuel E Subsea fluid conduit connections for remote controlled valves
US4489959A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-12-25 Satterwhite Lawrence E Underwater connector
US4648629A (en) * 1985-05-01 1987-03-10 Vetco Offshore, Inc. Underwater connector
US4664588A (en) * 1984-03-09 1987-05-12 Applied Robotics Inc. Apparatus and method for connecting and exchanging remote manipulable elements to a central control source
US5244045A (en) * 1990-10-12 1993-09-14 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Tool for simultaneous vertical connections
US5456313A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-10-10 Cooper (Great Britain) Limited Modular control system
US6032742A (en) * 1996-12-09 2000-03-07 Hydril Company Blowout preventer control system
WO2000052370A1 (en) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-08 Abb Offshore Systems, Inc. Valve arrangement for controlling hydraulic fluid flow to a subsea system
WO2002029202A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-11 Abb Offshore Systems Limited Control of hydrocarbon wells
WO2004067883A2 (en) * 2003-01-27 2004-08-12 Dril-Quip, Inc. Control pod latchdown mechanism
US20120175124A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2012-07-12 M.S.C.M. Limited Stab plates and subsea connection equipment
US10174575B2 (en) 2012-02-15 2019-01-08 Enpro Subsea Limited Method and apparatus for oil and gas operations
US10480274B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2019-11-19 Enpro Subsea Limited Apparatus, systems and method for oil and gas operations

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4460156A (en) * 1981-05-01 1984-07-17 Nl Industries, Inc. Wellhead connector with check valve
JPS58197234A (ja) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-16 Hitachi Ltd 製鉄高炉ダスト中の亜鉛の除去方法
JPS60166140U (ja) * 1984-04-12 1985-11-05 宇田川　英雄 電解コンデンサの防爆ケース製造装置
NL9002816A (nl) * 1990-12-19 1992-07-16 Single Buoy Moorings Snelkoppeling en snelkoppelsamenstel.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345088A (en) * 1965-03-19 1967-10-03 Joseph L Nagle Hose coupling
US3701549A (en) * 1970-10-09 1972-10-31 Paul C Koomey Connector

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345088A (en) * 1965-03-19 1967-10-03 Joseph L Nagle Hose coupling
US3701549A (en) * 1970-10-09 1972-10-31 Paul C Koomey Connector

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4223920A (en) * 1977-11-25 1980-09-23 Vetco, Inc. Vertically retrievable subsea conduit connector
US4219223A (en) * 1978-11-09 1980-08-26 Vetco Inc. Underwater multiple hydraulic line connector
FR2441123A1 (fr) * 1978-11-09 1980-06-06 Vetco Inc Raccord a emboitement pour commande hydraulique
US4444218A (en) * 1980-10-30 1984-04-24 Koomey, Inc. Underwater fluid connector
US4328826A (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-05-11 Koomey, Inc. Underwater fluid connector
US4457489A (en) * 1981-07-13 1984-07-03 Gilmore Samuel E Subsea fluid conduit connections for remote controlled valves
US4404989A (en) * 1981-08-03 1983-09-20 Koomey, Inc. Underwater connector for fluid lines
FR2522384A1 (fr) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-02 Koomey Inc Valve a tiroir a commande pilote
US4887643A (en) * 1982-03-01 1989-12-19 Koomey, Inc. Pilot actuated spool valve
US4489959A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-12-25 Satterwhite Lawrence E Underwater connector
FR2527739A1 (fr) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-02 Vetco Offshore Ind Inc Connecteur hydraulique sous-marin de commande
US4664588A (en) * 1984-03-09 1987-05-12 Applied Robotics Inc. Apparatus and method for connecting and exchanging remote manipulable elements to a central control source
US4648629A (en) * 1985-05-01 1987-03-10 Vetco Offshore, Inc. Underwater connector
US5244045A (en) * 1990-10-12 1993-09-14 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Tool for simultaneous vertical connections
US5456313A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-10-10 Cooper (Great Britain) Limited Modular control system
US6032742A (en) * 1996-12-09 2000-03-07 Hydril Company Blowout preventer control system
WO2000052370A1 (en) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-08 Abb Offshore Systems, Inc. Valve arrangement for controlling hydraulic fluid flow to a subsea system
GB2357571A (en) * 1999-03-01 2001-06-27 Abb Offshore Systems Inc Valve arrangement for controlling hydraulic fluid
US6328070B2 (en) 1999-03-01 2001-12-11 Abb Offshore Systems Inc. Valve arrangement for controlling hydraulic fluid flow to a subsea system
GB2357571B (en) * 1999-03-01 2003-09-03 Abb Offshore Systems Inc Valve arrangement for controlling hydraulic fluid
WO2002029202A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-11 Abb Offshore Systems Limited Control of hydrocarbon wells
US6564872B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2003-05-20 Abb Offshore Systems Limited Control of hydrocarbon wells
US6907932B2 (en) 2003-01-27 2005-06-21 Drill-Quip, Inc. Control pod latchdown mechanism
US20040159438A1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2004-08-19 Reimert Larry E. Control pod latchdown mechanism
WO2004067883A3 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-02-03 Dril Quip Inc Control pod latchdown mechanism
WO2004067883A2 (en) * 2003-01-27 2004-08-12 Dril-Quip, Inc. Control pod latchdown mechanism
GB2413579A (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-11-02 Drill Quip Inc Control pod latchdown mechanism
GB2413579B (en) * 2003-01-27 2006-05-03 Drill Quip Inc Control pod latchdown mechanism
NO335266B1 (no) * 2003-01-27 2014-10-27 Dril Quip Inc Reguleringsenhet og sperremekanisme
US20120175124A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2012-07-12 M.S.C.M. Limited Stab plates and subsea connection equipment
US9016380B2 (en) * 2010-12-29 2015-04-28 M.S.C.M. Limited Stab plates and subsea connection equipment
US10174575B2 (en) 2012-02-15 2019-01-08 Enpro Subsea Limited Method and apparatus for oil and gas operations
US10480274B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2019-11-19 Enpro Subsea Limited Apparatus, systems and method for oil and gas operations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1011273B (it) 1977-01-20
FR2227488A1 (it) 1974-11-22
JPS5013202A (it) 1975-02-12
CA999234A (en) 1976-11-02
DE2420929B2 (de) 1978-04-06
NL7404931A (it) 1974-11-01
FR2227488B1 (it) 1982-03-26
DE2420929A1 (de) 1974-11-07
DE2420929C3 (de) 1978-11-23
NL158886B (nl) 1978-12-15
JPS5418646B2 (it) 1979-07-09
GB1426156A (en) 1976-02-25

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