US3814674A - Electrodeposition of cobalt - Google Patents
Electrodeposition of cobalt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3814674A US3814674A US00087322A US8732270A US3814674A US 3814674 A US3814674 A US 3814674A US 00087322 A US00087322 A US 00087322A US 8732270 A US8732270 A US 8732270A US 3814674 A US3814674 A US 3814674A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- per liter
- nickel
- present
- grams per
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
- C25D3/14—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt from baths containing acetylenic or heterocyclic compounds
- C25D3/16—Acetylenic compounds
Definitions
- n is a number from 0 to 4
- R is hydrogen or a CH R' group in which R is a chloro, hydroxy or sulfonic group.
- This invention relates to an improved process for the electrodeposition of bright cobalt and cobalt-nickel alloy electroplates containing at least 50% cobalt and more particularly, it relates to an improved brightening additive for use in the plating baths from which such electroplates are deposited.
- nickel electroplates to provide decorative and/or protective coatings on various substrates.
- numerous processes and electroplating baths have been developed for the electrodeposition of nickel for these purposes.
- electrodeposits of cobalt possess many of the same desirable qualities as nickel electrodeposits
- comparatively little work has been done to develop commercial processes and electroplating baths for the electrodeposition of cobalt, principally because the price of cobalt and cobalt salts have always been appreciably higher than that for nickel.
- nickel and nickel salts have been in relatively short supply and, as a result of these shortages, the prices of these commodities have increased to the extent that in many instances, the use of cobalt electrodeposits have become economically feasible.
- an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for the electrodeposition of bright cobalt and cobalt-nickel electroplates containing at least 50% by weight cobalt.
- a further object of the resent invention is to provide an improved electroplatinfiaath from which bright cobalt and cobalt-nickel alloy electroplate may be deposited.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved brightening additive for use in electroplating Patented June 4, 1974 baths for the deposition of cobalt and cobalt-nickel alloy electroplates.
- the present invention includes a plating bath for the electrodeposition of cobalt which comprises an aqueous solution of at least one cobalt salt and, as a brightener, at least 0.1 millimoles per liter of a compound having the formula:
- n is a number from 0 to 4
- .R is hydrogen or a CH R' group in which R is a chloro, hydroxy or sulfonic group. From this bath, there is electrodeposited a full bright cobalt plate over a wide range of current densities.
- the electroplating baths used are aqueous solutions containing one or more cobalt salts.
- such baths may be prepared by dissolving cobalt chloride and/or cobalt sulfate and boric acid in water.
- Other cobalt electroplating baths based on cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt formate, cobalt sulfamate, cobalt fluoroborate, or the like, as the cobalt salt dissolved in the aqueous acidic solvent may also be used.
- the electroplating baths of the present invention may also contain one or more nickel salts, of the same or similar type as the cobalt salts which have been indicated above. Where the electroplating baths used contain nickel salts in addition to the cobalt salts, the relative amounts of these should be such that the resulting cobalt-nickel electroplate produced contains at least about 50% cobalt.
- cobalt electroplating baths will contain a brightening amount of a compound having the formula:
- H 0 bnom o-cm-oso-om-oombno current densities will be present in an amount within the range of about 0.05 to millimoles per liter of the plating solution, with amounts within the range of about 0.1 to millimoles per liter being preferred. This is not to say, however, that amounts of this brightening agent which are outside of these ranges may not be used but, rather, that for many typical operations with the process of the present invention, these amounts have been found to be preferred.
- these brightening additives may be prepared by the addition of 2-butyne-1,4-diol to an epoxide which addition is preferably base-catalyzed.
- Suitable epoxides which may be reacted with diol are selected from ethylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and the like. Where epichlorohydrin is used, the resulting adduct may be further treated to eifect partial or complete sulfonation or hydrolysis of the active chlorine, if desired.
- the reaction of the epoxide and the diol is carried out in a mole ratio of about 1-8z1 with the mole ratio of about 1- 2:1 being preferred.
- this reaction is preferably base-catalyzed, the reaction may be carried out in either a neutral or acid medium.
- the control of the reaction mechanism to produce the desired product may be more diflicult than with a base-catalyzed reaction and, for this reason, the former type of reaction is preferred.
- these baths in addition to the brightening agent described above, these baths also desirably contain, as additional brighteners, an organic or sulfonic acid compound selected from yinyl sulfonic acid, 3-chloro-2-butene sulfonic acid and allyl sulfonic acid, either as such or as the salts thereof, and/or orthosulfobenzimide, either as such or as the salt.
- an organic or sulfonic acid compound selected from yinyl sulfonic acid, 3-chloro-2-butene sulfonic acid and allyl sulfonic acid, either as such or as the salts thereof, and/or orthosulfobenzimide, either as such or as the salt.
- the organic sulfonic acid compound preferably as the sodium salt, such as sodium allyl sulfonate
- the orthosulfo benzimide (saccharin) is desirably present in an amount within the range of about 0.5 to 6 grams per liter.
- an aqueous acidic solution is formed containing the desired cobalt or cobalt and nickel salts.
- these electroplating baths will have a pH within the range of about 2 to 4.5 and, depending uponthe particular cobalt salts used, will contain the cobalt salts in amounts within the range of about 75 to 400 grams per liter.
- nickel salts are also present in the electroplating baths, these will typically be present in amounts within the range of about 5 to 250 grams per liter, depending upon the particular salt used as well as the amount of the cobalt salt which is present.
- this material is desirably present in amounts within the range of about 30 to 65 grams per liter.
- the electroplating solutions will typically be used at a temperature within the range of about 40 to 65 degrees centigrade.
- agitation of the solution either by air agitation, cathode rod agitation, mechanical agitation or the like, is preferred.
- full bright cobalt electrodeposits are obtained over a broad current density range, e.g., 2 to 200 amps per square foot, the typical average current densities used in the operation of the process are within the range of about 30-50 amps per square foot, with plating times of from about 5 to 30 minutes.
- EXAMPLE 1 A series of aqueous electroplating solutions were formulated containing 100 grams per liter CoCl -6H O, 60 grams per liter H BO 25 to 200 milligrams per liter of the ethylene oxide adduct of butyne diol (1.821 mole ratio), 0.5 to 5 grams per liter sodium allyl sulfonate and 3 to 5 grams per liter sacchrin. These solutions were maintained at a pH within the range of 2.5 to 3.5 and a temperature of from about 50 to 55 degrees centigrade. The solutions were agitated by means of air, cathode rod and mechanical agitation. Steel cathodes were plated in these plating baths, containing the varying amounts of the brightening additives, for 10 minutes at a current density of 35 amps per square foot and in each instance, a full bright cobalt electroplate was formed.
- EXAMPLE 2 A series of aqueous electroplating solutions were formulated containing 150 grams per liter NiSO '7H O', 150 grams per liter CoSO -7H O, 45 grams per liter NiCl 6H O and 60 grams per liter H BO To these electroplating baths were added, as brightening additives, from 25 to 200 milligrams per liter of the epichlorohydrin adduct of butyne diol (1.2:1 mole ratio) which adduct had subsequently been reacted with sodium sulfite to effect replacement of Cl groups with SO Na groups. Additionally, the solutions contained from 0.5 to 5 grams per liter of sodium allyl sulfonate and 3 to 5 grams per liter saccharin. These plating baths were operated in the same manner as in Example 1 and in each instance a full bright cobalt-nickel alloy electroplate was produced over a current density range of from 3 to 150 amperes per square foot.
- a process for producing a bright cobalt deposit which comprises electrodepositing bright cobalt on a base metal from an electroplating bath comprising an aqueous acidic solution of at least one cobalt salt and a brightening amount of a compound having the formula:
- n is a number from O to 4
- R is hydrogen or a CH R group in which R is a chloro, hydroxy or sulfonic group.
- the plating bath contains at least one additional brightener selected from organic sulfonic acid compounds of the group allyl sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid and 3-chloro-2- butene sulfonic acid and ortho sulfobenzimide and salts thereof.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
H-(O-CH(-R)-CH2)M-O-CH2-C*C-CH2-O-(CH2-CH(-R)-O)N-H
WHEREIN M IS A NUMBER FROM 1 TO 4, N IS A NUMBER FROM 0 TO 4, R IS HYDROGEN OR A CH2R, GROUP IN WHICH R'' IS A CHLORO, HYDROXY OR SULFONIC GROUP.
Description
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00087322A US3814674A (en) | 1970-11-05 | 1970-11-05 | Electrodeposition of cobalt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00087322A US3814674A (en) | 1970-11-05 | 1970-11-05 | Electrodeposition of cobalt |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3814674A true US3814674A (en) | 1974-06-04 |
Family
ID=22204482
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00087322A Expired - Lifetime US3814674A (en) | 1970-11-05 | 1970-11-05 | Electrodeposition of cobalt |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3814674A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070034606A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2007-02-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft Patents, Trademarks And Licenses | Method for pickling metallic surfaces by using alkoxylated alkynols |
-
1970
- 1970-11-05 US US00087322A patent/US3814674A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070034606A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2007-02-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft Patents, Trademarks And Licenses | Method for pickling metallic surfaces by using alkoxylated alkynols |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3769182A (en) | Bath and method for electrodepositing tin and/or lead | |
US4053373A (en) | Electroplating of nickel, cobalt, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron, cobalt-iron and nickel-iron-cobalt deposits | |
US2822326A (en) | Bright chromium alloy plating | |
US3804726A (en) | Electroplating processes and compositions | |
US3697391A (en) | Electroplating processes and compositions | |
US3041255A (en) | Electrodeposition of bright nickel | |
US4014759A (en) | Electroplating iron alloys containing nickel, cobalt or nickel and cobalt | |
US3922209A (en) | Electrode position of alloys of nickel, cobalt or nickel and cobalt with iron and electrolytes therefor | |
US2840517A (en) | Nickel-iron-zinc alloy electroplating | |
US3528894A (en) | Method of electrodepositing corrosion resistant coating | |
US4046647A (en) | Additive for improved electroplating process | |
JPS6141999B2 (en) | ||
US3814674A (en) | Electrodeposition of cobalt | |
US3220940A (en) | Electrodeposition of nickel | |
US3719568A (en) | Nickel electroplating composition and process | |
US2862861A (en) | Copper cyanide plating process and solution therefor | |
US3506548A (en) | Electrodeposition of nickel | |
US3378470A (en) | Electrodeposition of nickel | |
US3580821A (en) | Bright silver electroplating | |
US2809156A (en) | Electrodeposition of iron and iron alloys | |
US3139393A (en) | Electrodeposition | |
US4435254A (en) | Bright nickel electroplating | |
US3969399A (en) | Electroplating processes and compositions | |
US4069112A (en) | Electroplating of nickel, cobalt, mutual alloys thereof or ternary alloys thereof with iron | |
US3697392A (en) | Electrodeposition of nickel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OXY METAL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:OXY METAL FINISHING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003967/0084 Effective date: 19741220 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HOOKER CHEMICALS & PLASTICS CORP. Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:OXY METAL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004075/0885 Effective date: 19801222 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HOOKER CHEMICAS & PLASTICS CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004126/0054 Effective date: 19820330 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OMI INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, 21441 HOOVER ROAD, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004190/0827 Effective date: 19830915 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: MANUFACTURERS HANOVER TRUST COMPANY, A CORP OF NY Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004201/0733 Effective date: 19830930 |