US3813936A - Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations - Google Patents

Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations Download PDF

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Publication number
US3813936A
US3813936A US00313225A US31322572A US3813936A US 3813936 A US3813936 A US 3813936A US 00313225 A US00313225 A US 00313225A US 31322572 A US31322572 A US 31322572A US 3813936 A US3813936 A US 3813936A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
fluid passage
pressure
fluids
well bore
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US00313225A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Urbanosky
F Whitten
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Priority to US00313225A priority Critical patent/US3813936A/en
Priority to CA186,564A priority patent/CA989726A/en
Priority to AU63264/73A priority patent/AU481733B2/en
Priority to NO4653/73A priority patent/NO139281C/no
Priority to GB5674173A priority patent/GB1449859A/en
Priority to AR251410A priority patent/AR200419A1/es
Priority to FR7343900A priority patent/FR2209889B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/10—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells using side-wall fluid samplers or testers

Definitions

  • fluid-admitting means are placed into sealing engagement with a potentiallyproducible earth formation and selectively-operable valve means on the fluid-admitting means are opened to place , a filtering medium situated between the fluidadmitting mfins and a flow line in communication with the isolated formation.
  • each of these new and improved testing tools employs a tubular sampling member which is cooperatively associated with a filtering medium for preventing the unwanted entrance of unconsolidated formation materials into the testing tool.
  • a tubular sampling member which is cooperatively associated with a filtering medium for preventing the unwanted entrance of unconsolidated formation materials into the testing tool.
  • the testing tool must be reattained in the practice of the new and improved methods described herein by placing normally-closed fluidadmitting means having filtering means cooperatively arranged therewith into sealing engagement with an earth formation, opening communication between the filtering means and the earth formation, and discharging well bore fluids in a reverse direction through the filtering medium and into the formation for cleansing the filtering medium of unwanted possibly-plung matter such as mudcake and loose formation materials.
  • formationtesting apparatus is provided with fiuidadmitting means pted to be seaiingiy engaged with a potentialiyproducible earth formation.
  • filtering means are disposed in the fluid-admitting means.
  • Normaliy-closed valve means are cooperatively arranged in the fluid-admitting means for seiective movement to an open position for opening communication between an isolated earth formation and the filtering means.
  • Means are further provided for discharging well bore fluids in i3 reverse direction through the filtering means upon opening of the valve means for flushing possibly-plugging materials away from the filtering means.
  • H0. 1 depicts the surface and downhole portions of a preferred embodiment of new and improved formadon-testing apparatus for practicing the invention and incorporating its principles;
  • FiGS. 2A and 28 together show a somewhatschematic representation of the formation-testing tool illustrated in FIG. 1 as the tool will appear in its initiai operating position; and v FIGS. 3-5 A and B respe'ctively'depict the successive positions of various componentsjof the new and improved tool shown in FIGS. 2A and 28 during the course of a typical testing and sampling operation.
  • FIG. i a preferred embodiment of a new and improved sampling and measuring too! it? incorporating the principles of the present invention is shown as it will appear during the course of a typical measuring and sampling operation in a well bore such as a borehole i1 penetrating one or more earth formations as at 12 and 13.
  • the tool id is suspended in the borehole it from the lower end of a typi cal multiconductor cable 14 that is spooied in the usual fashion on a suitable winch (not shown) at the surface and coupled to the surface portion of a tool-control system 15 as well as typical recording and indicating apparatus l6 and a power supply 117.
  • the tool 10 includes anelongated body 18 which encloses the downhole portion of the tool control system 15 and carries selectively-extendibie toolanchoring means i9 and new and improved fluidadmitting means 20 arranged on opposite sides. of the body as well as one or more tandemly-coupled fluid collecting chambersZi and 22.
  • the new and improved formation-testing tool 10 of the present invention and the control system 35 are cooperatively arranged so that, upon command from the surface, the tool can be selectively placed in any one or more of five selected operating positions.
  • the control system 15 will function to either successively piece the tool in one or more of these positions or else cycle the tool between selected ones of these operating positions.
  • These five operating positions are simply achieved by selectively moving suitable control apply power to different conductors Fill-3'7 in the cable
  • FlGS. 2A and 2B the preferred embodiment of the entire downhole portion of the control system 15 as well as the tool-anchoring means 19, the
  • fluid-admitting means 263 and the fluid-collecting chambers 21 and 22 are schematically illustrated with their several elements or components depicted as they will respectively be arranged when the new and improved tool is fully retracted and the switches 23 and 24 are in their first or off operating positions 25.
  • selectivelyextendible tool-anchoring means l9 schematically illustrated in FIG.
  • an upright wall-engaging anchor member 38 along the rear of the tool body lid is coupled in a typical fashion to a longitudinallyspaced pair of laterally-movable piston actuators 39 and d ll of a typical design mounted tranversely on the tool body lif As will be subsequently explained, the lateral extension and retraction of the wall-engaging member 3% in relation to the rear of the tool body ibis controlled by the control system which is operatively arranged to se' lectively admit and discharge a pressured hydraulic fluid to and from the piston actuators 39 and 4t).
  • the borehole fluid-admitting means it) employed with the preferred embodiment of the new and improved tool 10 are cooperatively arranged for sealingoff or isolating selected portions of the wall of the horehole 11; and, once a selected portion of the borehole wall is packed-off or isolated from the well bore fluids, establishing pressure or fluid communication with the adjacent earth-formations.
  • the fluid-admitting means preferably include an annular elastomeric sealing pad 41 mounted on the forward face of an upright support member or plate 42 that is coupled to a longitudinally-spaced pair of laterallymovable piston actuators 43 and 44 respectively arranged transversely on the tool body 18 for moving the sealing pad in relation to the forward side of the tool body.
  • control system l5 selectively supplies a pressured hydraulic fluid to the piston actuators 43 and 44, the sealing pad 41 will be moved laterally between a retracted position adjacent to the forward side of the tool body 18 and an advanced or forwardly-extended position.
  • both the tool-anchoring means 19 and the fluidadrnitting means 2ft are made selectively ertendible to enable the tool to be operated in boreholes of substantial diameter.
  • This preferred design of the tool it'll results in the overall strolre of the piston actuators 39 and an and the piston actuators did and dd being to a minimum so as to reduce the overall diameter of the tool body lb.
  • the fluid-admitting means 2t? further include an enlarged tubular member d5 having an open ion ward portion coaxially disposed within the sealing pad er and a closed rear portion which is slidably mounted within a larger tubular member secured to the rear face of the plate 42 and extended rearwardly there'- from.
  • extension of the fluid-admitting means 20 will engage the forward end of the fluid adrnitting member with the adjacent surface of the wall of the borehole ll as the annular sealing pad is also forced thereagainst for isolating that portion of the borehole wall as well as the nose of the fluid adrnitting member from the well bore fluids.
  • the smaller tubular member is slidably disposed within the outer tubular member and fluidly, sealed in relation thereto as'by sealing members 47 and db on in wardly-enlarged end portions 439 and 55d of the outer member and a sealing member ll on an enlargeddiameter intermediate portion 2 of the inner member.
  • Pressure or fluid communication with the fluidadmitting menas 2b is controlled by means such as a generally-cylindrical valve member 55 which is coard-v ally disposed within the fluid-admitting member Q5 and cooperatively arranged for axial movement therein be tween a retracted or open position and the illustrated advanced or closed position where the enlarged forward end 56 of the valve member is substantially, if not altogether, sealingly engaged with the forwardmost interior portion of the fluid-admitting member.
  • the rearward portion of the valve member is axially hollowed, as at d7, and coaxially disposed over a tubular member 5h projecting for" wardly from the transverse wall 59 closing the rear end of the fluid-admitting member 4l.
  • the axial bore 5'7 is reduced and extended forwardly along the valve member 55 to a termination with one or more transverse fluid passages in the forward portion of the valve member just behind its enlarged head as.
  • the rearward portion of the valve member is enlarged, as at 61, and outer and inner sealing members 62 and 63 are coaxially disposed thereon and respectively sealingly engaged with the interior of the fluid-admitting member and the exterior of the forwardly-extending tubular member
  • a sealing member 64 mounted around the intermediate portion of the valve member 55 and sealingly engaged with the interior wall of the adjacent portion of the fluid-admitting member 45 fluidly seals the valve member in relation .to the fluid-admitting member.
  • the fluid-admitting member 45 is arranged to define an internal annular space 67 and allow passage 68 in the forward portion of the fluid-admitting member, and a tubular screen 69 of suitable fineness is coaxially mounted around the annular space. in this manner, when the valve member 55 is retracted, formation fluids will be compelled to pass through the exposed forward portion of the screen 69 ahead of the enlarged head 56, into the annular space 67, and then through the fluid passage 60 into the fluid passage 57 and the tubular member 58.
  • valvemember 55 As the valvemember 55 is retracted, should loose or unconsolidated formation materials be eroded from a formation as connate fluids are withdrawn therefrom, the materials will be stopped by the exposed portion of the screen 69 ahead of the enlarged head 56 of the valve member thereby quickly forming a permeable barrier to prevent the continued erosion of loose formation materials once the valve member halts.
  • a sample or flow line 70 is cooperatively arranged in the formation-testing tool and has one end coupled, as by a-flexible conduit 71, to the fluid-admitting means and its other end terminated in a pair of branch conduits 72 and 73 respectively coupled to the fluidcollecting chambers 21 and 22.
  • normally-closed flow-control valves 74-76 are arranged respectively in the flow line 76) and in the branch conduits 72 and 73 leading to the sample chambers.
  • a normally-open control valve 77 which is similar to the normally-closed control valves 776 is cooperatively arranged in a branch conduit 7% for selectively controlling communication hetween the well bore fluids exterior of the tool i and the upper portion of the flow line 7% extending .veen the flow-line control vmve 74 and the fluidadmitting means 2 1
  • the control valve 77 employed in the present invention is comprised ol'a valve body 7? cooperatively carrying a typical. piston actuator which is normally biased to an elevated position by a spring fill of a predetermined strength.
  • a valve member 32 coupled to the piston actuator 30 is cooperatively arranged for blocking fluid communication between the inlet and outlet fluid ports of the control valve whenever the valve member is moved" to its lower position.
  • the control valves id-76 are similar to the control valve 77 except that a spring of selected strength is respectively arranged in each for normally biasing each of these valve members to a closed position As shown in FIGS. Silt-2B5, a branch conduit $3 is coupled to the flow line ill at a convenient location between the sample chamber control valves and "7c and the flow-line control valve 74, with this branch conduit being terminated at an expansion chamber dd a predetermined volume.
  • a reduced-diameter displacement piston tlfi is operatively mounted in the chamber 843 and arranged to be moved between selected upper and lower positions therein by a typical piston actuator shown generally at he. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that upon movement or" the displacement pistonhS from its lower position as illustrated in Flt ⁇ . 2A to an elevated or upper position, the combined volume of whatever fluids that are then contained in the branch conduit $35 as well as in that portion of theflow line ill between the flow-line control valve 7d and the sample chamber control valvesifi and 76 will be correspondingly increased.
  • the preferred embodiment of the control system 15 further includes a pump $7 that is coupled to a driving motor @tl and cooperatively arranged for pumping a suitable hydraulic fluid such as oil or the like from a reservoir 8% into a. discharge or outlet line 90.
  • a suitable hydraulic fluid such as oil or the like
  • the reservoir 89 is preferably arranged to totally immerse the pump i557 and the motor dd inthe clean hydraulic fluid.
  • the reservoir 89 is provided with an inlet hi for well bore fluids and an isolating piston 92 is movably arranged in the reservoir for maintaining the hydraulic fluid contained therein at a pressure about equal to the hydrostatic pressure at whatever depth the tool is then situated.
  • a spring 93 is arranged to act on the piston 92 for maintaining the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the reservoir @9 at an increased level slightly above the well returning hydraulic fluid from the control system E to the reservoir 89 during the operation of the tool ill.
  • the fluid outlet line is divided into two major branch lines which are respectively designated as the "set line and the retract" line 97
  • a pair oi nationally-closed solenoid actuated valvee lid and w are coop-crntiveiy arranged to selectively admit hydraulic fluid to the two lines as the control switch 23 at the surface is mlectively pcsitioned; and a typical checlt valve Mill) is arranged in the "set" line 96 downstream of the control valve 9% for preventing the reverse flow of the hydraulic fluid when ever the pressure in the set line is greater than that then existing in the fluid outlet line no.
  • Typical pressure switches lull-E03 are cooperatively arranged in the "set" and “retract” lines an and @7 for aelectively diecontinuing operation ot' the pump ti? whenever the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in either of these lines reaches a desired operating preasure and then restartl5 in; speed. Accordingly. the control tyrtem i5 is coop- ZJ eratively arranged no that each time the pump $7 is to be started. the control valve W (if it is not already open) as well as a third normally-closed solenoidactuated valve 3% will be temporarily opened to bypass hydraulic fluid directly from the output line W to the reservoir 89 by way of the return line 94.
  • the bypass valve 104 will, of course, be recloaed and either the set" line control valve 98 or the retract" line control valve 99 will be selectively opened as required for that particular operational phase of the tool it). It should be noted that during those times that the "retract" line control valve 99 and the fluid-bypass valve lllll are opened to allow the motor 8% to reach its operating speed, the check valve RM will function to prevent the reverse flow of hydraulic fluid from the set" line when the "set" line control valve 9% is open.
  • control system cooperates for selectively supplying pre sured hydraulic fluid to the set" and retract" lines up and 97. Since the pressure switches lfll and 102 respectively function only to limit the pressures in the set" and retrmf' lines to a selected maximum preesure range commensurate with the rating of the pump 87, the new and improved control system id is further arranged to cooperatively regulate the pressure of the hydraulic fluid which is being supplied at various times to selected portions of the system. Although this regulation can be accomplished in difl'crent manners, it IS preferred to employ a number of pressure-actuated control valves such as shown schematically at 105-108 in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As shown in H6. 2A.
  • control valve I05 for example, includes a valve body I09 having a valve seat lltl coaxially arranged therein between inlet and outlet fluid ports.
  • the upper portion of the valve body W9 is enlarged to provide a piston cylinder Ill carrying an actuating piston H2 in coincidental alignment with the valve seat Hill.
  • a spring ll ⁇ of a predetermined strength is arranged for normull y urging the actuating piston ill toward the valve seat lid and a control port lid is provided for admitting hydraulic fluid into the cylinder ill at a sufi'rcicnt pressure to overcome the force or this whene the P it to be eeloctively moved nwny from the vnlve seet- Eiuce the control system id operates at premuret fi lees than the hydrostatic pressure of the well bore fluh relief port M5 is provided in the valve body W for communicating the space in the cylinder ill above the actuating piston Hi2 with the reeervoir 89.
  • a valve monitor lid complcrnentally shaped for seating engagement with the valve seat lid is cooperatively coupled to th: actuating piston Hi2 as by an upright stern ll? which is slidably disposed in an axial bore lid in the piston.
  • a spring lid oi selected st ength is disposed in the axial bore lid for normally urging the valve member said enclosed into seating engagement with the valve seat lid.
  • the control valve W5 (as well as; the valve Mid) will simply function as a normally closed check valve. This is to say. in this operating position. hydraulic fluid can flow only in a reverse direction whenever the pressure at the valve outlet is sufficiently greater than the inlet preesurc to elevate the valve member l lti from the valve seat lid against the predetermined clue ing force preatureactuated by the spring H9. 0n the other hand. when sufficient fluid prertaure is applied to the control port lid for elevating the actuating piston. oppoeed shoulders, at at lZti, on 23 the stern ii"? and the piston H2 will engage for elevating the valve membet llti from the valve seat lid.
  • control valve ill? (at well an the valve 3%) is similar to the control valve rat except that in the firetrnentioned control valve, the valve member lZl is prelerably rigidly coupled to its associated actuating piston H22.
  • the control valve 107 (as well as the valve Mid) has no alternate checking action allowing reverse flow and is simply a normally-cloned pressure-actuated valve for selectively controlling fluid communication between its inlet and outlet ports. lrlereagain. the hydraulic pressure at which the control valve W? (as well as the valve W8) is to selectively open is go erned by the predetermined strength ot" the spring H3 normally biasing the valve member to its closed position.
  • the set line downstream of the check valve llltll is comprised of a low-pressure section we having one branch 125 coupled to the fluid inlet of the control valve Hi7 and another branch lilo which is coupled to the fluid inlet of the control valve lil to selectively supply hydraulic fluid to a high-presume section ll? of the set" line which is itselfterm nated at the fluid inlet of the control valve E08.
  • a pressure-communicating line i253 s coupled between the low-pressure section and the control rt ofthe control valve 105. Accordingly so long 25 t.
  • the control valves 107 and W8 are respectively arranged to selectively communicate the low-pressure and high-pressure sections llZd and 127 of the ⁇ Hit line 96 with the fluid reservoir kil s.
  • the control ports of the two control valves 107 and litltl are each connected to the retract" line 97 by suitable pressure-communicating lines i239 and lii ll.
  • the control valves 107 and N8 will be respectively opened to selectively communicate the two sections 7124 and 127 of the set" line with the reservoir 8% by way of the return line 96 coupled to the respective outlets of the two control valves.
  • control valves W and 104 will be momentarily openedwhen the pump 87 is started until the pump motor 88 has reached its operating speed. At this time also, the control valve '77 is open and that portion of the flow line '70 between the closed flow-line control valve 74 and the fluidadmitting means 20 will be filled with well bore fluids at the hydrostatic pressure at the depths at which the tool 10 is then situated.
  • FIG. 3. selected portions of the control system 15 and various components of the tool iii are schematically represented to illustrate the operation of the tool at about the time that the pressure in the hydraulic output line 90 reaches its lowermost intermediate pressure level. To facilitate an understanding of the operation of the tool It) and the control system 15 at this point in its operating cycle, only those components which are then operating are shown in FIG. 3.
  • valve member 55 rearwardly in relation to the now-halted fluidadmitting member 45 for establishing fluid or pressure communication between the isolated portion of the earth formation 12 and the flow passages $7 and so in the valve member by way of the filter screen 6%.
  • the control system 15 is operative for providing a momentary outward surge or reverse flow of well bore fluids for cleansing the filtering screen 69 of unwanted debris or the like before a sampling or testing operation is commenced.
  • opening of the control valve 105 will be effective for now supplying hydraulic fluid to the highpressure section 127 of the set" line 96 and two branch conduits M1 and M2 connected thereto for successively closing the control valve 77 and then opening thecontrol valve 74L
  • hydraulic fluid at a pressure representative of the intermediate operating level will be supplied by way of a typical check valve 145 to the upper portion of the piston cylinder ms of the normally-open control valve 77 as fluid is exhausted from the lower portion thereof by way of a conduit M7 coupled to the retract" line 97.
  • the biasing spring bl for the normallyopen control valve 77 By arranging the biasing spring bl for the normallyopen control valve 77 to be somewhat wealter than the biasing spring M9 for the normally-closed control valve 74., the second valve will be momentarily retained in its closed position until the first valve has had time to close. Thus, once the valve 77 closes, as the hydraulic iluid enters the lower portion of the piston chamber of the control valve 7d, the value member lfill'will be owned as hydraulic fluid is exhausted from the upper portion of the chamber through a typical check valve 15R and a branch return line l2 coupled to the retracd line 97.
  • the rearward movement of the valve member 55 in cooperation with the forward movement of the fluid-admitting member &5 will allow only those loose formation materials displaced by the advancement of the fluid-admitting member into the formation to enter the fluid-admitting member.
  • the fluid-admitting member 35 can advance into the formation l2 only by displacing loose formation materials; and, since the space opened by the rearward displacement of the valve member is the only place into which the loose formation materials can enter, ther erosion of the formation materials will be halted once the fluid-admitting member has been tilled with loose materials as shown in l-lG. db.
  • the advancement of the fluidadmitting member 45 will be relatively slight with its nose making little orno penetration into the isolated earth formation. lt will, of course, be appreciated that the nose of the fluid-admitting member d5 will be urged outwardly with sufficient force to at least penetrate the mudcalce which typically lines the borehole walls adjacent to permeable earth formations. in this situation,
  • the formation pressure will be effective for displacing these connate fluids by way of the fluid-admitting means 20 into the flow line until such time that the lower portion of the flow line 7b and the branch conduit 83 are filled and pressure equilibrium is established in the entire flow line.
  • a typical pressure-measuring transducer as at 153 (or, if desired, one or more other suitable transducers) in the flow line 70, one or more measurements representative of the characteristics of the connate fluids and the formation 12 may be transmitted to the surface by a conductor 154 and, if desired, recorded on the recording apparatus 16 (FIG. l).
  • the pressure measurements provided by the transducer 153 will, of course, permit the operator at the surface to readily determine the formation pressure as well as to obtain one or more indications representative of the potential producing ability of the formation 12.
  • the operator can determine such things as the time required for the formation pressure to reach equilibrium as well as the rate of increase and thereby obtain valu able information indicative of various characteristics of the earth formation 12 such as permeability and porosity. Moreover, with the new and improved tool 10, the operator can readily determine if collection of a fluid sample is warranted.
  • control switches 23 and 24 are advanced to their next or so-called “sample” positions 28 to open, for example, a solenoid valve l5 (FIG. 2B) for coupling pressured hydraulic fluid from the highpressure section 127 of the set litie 96 to the piston actuator 156 of the sample chamber control valve V55.
  • a solenoid valve l5 FIG. 2B
  • This will, of course, be effective for opening the control valve 75 to admit connate fluids through the flow line "70 and the branch conduit 72 into the sample chamber 21.
  • a chamber selection" switch E57 in the surface portion of the system 15 could also be moved from its first sample position ih to its so-called second sample position 115% (l ltii.
  • the chamber control valve "i will close to trap the sample of connate fluids which is then present in the sample chamber 2i.
  • the control valve 76 can also he readily closed by operating the switch 157 to reopen the solenoid valve 160. Closure of the control valve (as well as the valve 76) will, of course, be effective for trapping any fluid samples collected in one or the other or both of the sample chambers 21 and 22-.
  • control switches 23 and 24 are moved to their next or so-called retract switching positions 3% for initiating the simultaneous retraction of thewall-engaging member 38 and the sealing pad ll.
  • the pressure switch 103 is again rendered inoperative and the pressure switch W2 is enabled so as to now permit the hydraulic pump $7 to be operated at full rated capacity for attaining hydraulic pressures greater than the first intermediate operating level in the retract" cycle.
  • the pressure switch M2 will now function to operate the pump d7 so that the pressure will now quickly rise until it reaches the next operating leveL- At this point, hydraulic fluid will be supplied through the retract line 97 and the branch hydraulic line lid? for reopening the pressure-equalizing control valve 7'7 to admit well bore fluids into the flow line 7d. Opening of the pressure-equalizing valve 77 will admit well bore fluids into the isolated space defined by the sealing pad 41 so as to equalize the pressure differential existing across the pad.
  • Hydraulic fluid displaced from the upper portion of the piston chamber M6 of the control valve'7'7 will be discharged through a typical relief valve lei which is arranged to 'open'only in response to pressures'equal or greater than that of this-present operating level.
  • the hydraulic fluid displaced from the piston chamber l46 through the relief valve ldl will be returned to the reservoir 89 by way of the branch hydraulic line 141, the high-pressure section E27 of the set" line 96, the still-open control valve idli, and the return line 94.
  • the pressured hydraulic fluid will also be admitted into the annular space 54 in front of the enlarged-diameter piston portion 52 for retracting the fluid-admitting member 45 as well as into the annular space 66 for returning the valvemember 55 to its forid 3.51 is held in a closed position until the increasing hydraulic pressure developed by the pump 37 exceeds the operating level used to retract the wall-engaging mem fill and the sealing pad dl.
  • the flow-line control valve "7d will be reclosed.
  • the pump 8? will, of course, continue to operate until such time that the hydraulic pressure in the output line 98? reaches theupper limit determined by setting oi the pressure switch W2, At some convenient time thereafter, the control switches 23 and M are again returned to their initial or of? positions E for halting further operation of the pump motor d5) as well as reopening the solenoid valve 1% to again communicate the retract" line F7 with the fluid reservoir 89. This completes the operating cycle of the new and improved tool ill.
  • the new and improved methods of the present invention will assure that communication will be established between the flow line 76 and the formation, as at E2, before any measurements or samples are taken.
  • the interior surface of the filtering screen become unduly coated with particles of the relatively-imperrneable mudcalte as the valve member moves to its rearward position, opening of the valve member will be effective for developing a significant reverse flow of the higher-pressure well bore fluids through the screen 69 and into the lower-pressure formation 12.
  • extremely-fine particles of sand or the like from the formation l2 be lodged against the interior surfaces of the filter medium as, this reverse flow of well bore fluids will be effective for cleansing the filter before any tests are made.
  • control valve 77 since the control valve 77 is open to admit well bore fluids into the upper portion of the flow line '70, when the valve memmr 55 is opened the filtering screen M will be thoroughly cleansed by the outward surge of well bore fluids. Thus, when the formation 12 is subsequently communicated with the re depictd or atmospheric pressure initially present n the ward position.
  • the hydraulic fluid exhausted from the several piston actuators 39, 40, 43 and 44 as well as the piston chambers 54 and 66 will be returned directly to the reservoir 89 by way of the high-pressure section 124 of the set" line 96 and the control valve 107. This action will, of course, retract the wall-engaging member 38 as well as the sealing pad 4i against the tool body 18 to permit the tool 10 to be either repositioned in the well bore ll or returned to the surface if no further testing'is desired.
  • the operator at the surface will be reliably assured that a failure to obtain a significant pressure increase in the flow line measurements is in fact caused by a non-producible formation and is not unknowingly attributed to a tightly-plugged filter screen 69 instead.
  • the new and improved methods of the present invention are of equal advan tage when a sample of connate fluids is to be taken as well.
  • the reverse flushing of the filter will assure the operator that the screen is clean so that formation fluids are free to flow into the tool M; This can clearly reduce the time required to perform a typical testing operation.
  • urging fluid-admitting means including a normallyclosed fluid-sampling member coupled by a filtering medium to a fluid passage into sealing engagement with a wall surface of said well bore adjacent to an earth formation believed to contain producible connate fluids for isolating said wall surface from fluids in said well bore and placing said fluidsampling member in position for subsequently communicating with said earth formation; opening said fluid-sampling member and admitting said well bore fluids into said fluid passage for passing said wellbore fluids through said filtering meiii dium and said fluid-sampling member into said earth formation to cleanse said filtering medium sand said fluid-sampling member of potentiallyplugging materials; closing communication between said weli bore fluids and said fluid passage; and, thereafter, coupling an enclosed reduced-pressure chamber to said fluid passage for drawing producibie con'nae fluids from said earth formation through said sampling member and said filtering medium and into said fluid passage to obtain a filtered sarnpie of said connate fluids in said enclosed chamber.
  • urging fluid-admitting means including a fluid passage coupled by a filtering medium to a fluidsampling member having a normally-closed forward end and a rearward portion to the rear of said filtering medium into sealing engagement with a wall surface of said well bore adjacent to an earth formation believed to contain producible connate fluids for isolating said wall surface from fluids in said well bore and placing said closed end of said fluid-sampling member into position for subsequently receiving connate fluids from said earth formation;
  • test chamber after said test chamber is expanded, coupling said test chamber to said fluid passage at a speed sufficient to quickly induct a filtered sample of producible connate fluids from said earth formation into said expanded test chamber for momentarily reducing the pressure of said connate fluid sample to about atmospheric pressure and displacing loose plugging materials from said wall surface into said rearward portion of said fluidsampiing member to the rear of said filtering medium;
  • test chamher after obtaining said second series of pressure measurements, reducing the volume of said test chamher again for expelling said second sample into said sample-collecting means on said body including a well bore; sample chamber, and means selectively operable uncoupling said test chamber from said fluid passage; for coupling said sample chamber to said fluid passage to receive connate fluids entering said fluidre-closing said normally-closed end of said fluidadmitting means.
  • Formation-testing apparatus adapted for suspenindication of the pressure conditions in fluid sion in a well bore traversing earth formations and passage. comprising: I 2.
  • the formation-testing apparatus of claim 23 fura body having a fluid passage adapted to receive conther including: I
  • pressure-reducing means on said body inciading an fluid-admitting means on said body including a fluidenclosed test chamber, and means selectively opersampling member having a forward end adapted to able for varying the volume of said test chamber be selectively engaged with a well bore wall for isoincluding piston means movable back and forth belating a portion thereof from well bore fluids, first tween 21 first position reducing the volume of said valve means normally closing said forward end of test chamber and a second position sufficiently exsaid fluid-sampling member, and filtering means pending the volume of said test chamber to reduce coupling said fluid passage to said fluid-sampling the pressure in said test chamber to about atmo member to the rear of said first valve means; spheric pressure; means on said body and selectively operable for posipressure-measuring means adapted for providing intioning said fluid-admitting means against a well dications representative of the pressure conditions bore wall to place said fluid-sampling member in in said test chamber; and
  • pressure-measuring means adapted for providing an a sample chamber on said body, and fourth valve indication of the pressure conditions in said fluid means selectively operable for coupling said sampassage. ple chamber to said fluid passage to receive con- 23.
  • the formation-testin g apparatus of claim 21 furna'te fluids entering said fluid-sampling member. ther including:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Management Of Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US00313225A 1972-12-08 1972-12-08 Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations Expired - Lifetime US3813936A (en)

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US00313225A US3813936A (en) 1972-12-08 1972-12-08 Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations
CA186,564A CA989726A (en) 1972-12-08 1973-11-23 Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations
AU63264/73A AU481733B2 (en) 1972-12-08 1973-12-05 Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations
NO4653/73A NO139281C (no) 1972-12-08 1973-12-05 Fremgangsmaate og apparat for testing av grunnformasjoner
GB5674173A GB1449859A (en) 1972-12-08 1973-12-07 Methods and apparatus for testing earth formations
AR251410A AR200419A1 (es) 1972-12-08 1973-12-07 Metodo de investigar formaciones terrestres atravesadas por una perforacion
FR7343900A FR2209889B1 (enExample) 1972-12-08 1973-12-10

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AR (1) AR200419A1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA989726A (enExample)
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Cited By (41)

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US4416152A (en) * 1981-10-09 1983-11-22 Dresser Industries, Inc. Formation fluid testing and sampling apparatus
US5065619A (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-11-19 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Method for testing a cased hole formation
WO1994000671A1 (en) * 1992-06-19 1994-01-06 Western Atlas International, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure, volume, and temperature measurement and characterization of subsurface formations
US5473939A (en) * 1992-06-19 1995-12-12 Western Atlas International, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure, volume, and temperature measurement and characterization of subsurface formations
US5533584A (en) * 1992-01-17 1996-07-09 Caterpillar Inc. Vehicle with front and rear steering
US5622223A (en) * 1995-09-01 1997-04-22 Haliburton Company Apparatus and method for retrieving formation fluid samples utilizing differential pressure measurements
US5741962A (en) * 1996-04-05 1998-04-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Apparatus and method for analyzing a retrieving formation fluid utilizing acoustic measurements
US5934374A (en) * 1996-08-01 1999-08-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation tester with improved sample collection system
GB2382604A (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-04 Schlumberger Holdings Method for validating a downhole connate water sample
RU2205953C1 (ru) * 2001-11-08 2003-06-10 Открытое акционерное общество НПФ "Геофизика" Устройство для испытания пластов
US20030145987A1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2003-08-07 Hashem Mohamed Naguib Measuring the in situ static formation temperature
US6640625B1 (en) 2002-05-08 2003-11-04 Anthony R. H. Goodwin Method and apparatus for measuring fluid density downhole
US6658930B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2003-12-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Metal pad for downhole formation testing
US20040000433A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-01 Hill Bunker M. Method and apparatus for subsurface fluid sampling
US20040011525A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2004-01-22 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for MWD formation testing
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US20050072565A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-04-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. MWD formation tester
US20050161218A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Probe isolation seal pad
US20050235745A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-10-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for measuring a formation supercharge pressure
RU2263784C1 (ru) * 2004-06-23 2005-11-10 Зиновий Дмитриевич Хоминец Эжекторный многофункциональный пластоиспытатель для горизонтальных скважин и способ его работы
US20050257611A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for measuring formation properties
US20050257629A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole probe assembly
US20050257630A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation tester tool assembly and methods of use
US20050257960A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for using formation property data
US20050268709A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-12-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for using a formation tester
US20060000603A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-01-05 Zazovsky Alexander F Formation evaluation system and method
US20060075813A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-13 Fisseler Patrick J Apparatus and method for drawing fluid into a downhole tool
US20060076132A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-13 Nold Raymond V Iii Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
GB2443038A (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-23 Schlumberger Holdings Cleaning a sensor in a downhole sampling / testing tool
US20100155061A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-06-24 Zazovsky Alexander F Formation evaluation system and method
US20100175873A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-07-15 Mark Milkovisch Single pump focused sampling
US20100202387A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Ryo Sawai Communication Control Method and Communication System
RU2441154C1 (ru) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-27 Александр Викторович Калмыков Способ испытания продуктивных пластов на предмет их гидравлического взаимовлияния
US8899323B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2014-12-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Modular pumpouts and flowline architecture
EP2805160A4 (en) * 2012-01-31 2015-06-10 Halliburton Energy Services Inc SENSOR PREPARATION DEVICE, SYSTEMS AND METHOD
US9085964B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2015-07-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation tester pad
US9243493B2 (en) 2008-06-11 2016-01-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Fluid density from downhole optical measurements
US9435200B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2016-09-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Determination of thermodynamic properties of a fluid based on density and sound speed
WO2017194412A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Aquaresources Sa Underground tool for the in-situ assessment of aquifer quality and flow rate
US10215022B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2019-02-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Guard filtering system for focused sampling probe
US20210198974A1 (en) * 2016-10-14 2021-07-01 Wireline Abandonment Corp. Wireline well abandonment tool

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US4416152A (en) * 1981-10-09 1983-11-22 Dresser Industries, Inc. Formation fluid testing and sampling apparatus
US5065619A (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-11-19 Halliburton Logging Services, Inc. Method for testing a cased hole formation
US5533584A (en) * 1992-01-17 1996-07-09 Caterpillar Inc. Vehicle with front and rear steering
WO1994000671A1 (en) * 1992-06-19 1994-01-06 Western Atlas International, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure, volume, and temperature measurement and characterization of subsurface formations
US5473939A (en) * 1992-06-19 1995-12-12 Western Atlas International, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure, volume, and temperature measurement and characterization of subsurface formations
US5622223A (en) * 1995-09-01 1997-04-22 Haliburton Company Apparatus and method for retrieving formation fluid samples utilizing differential pressure measurements
US5741962A (en) * 1996-04-05 1998-04-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Apparatus and method for analyzing a retrieving formation fluid utilizing acoustic measurements
US5934374A (en) * 1996-08-01 1999-08-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation tester with improved sample collection system
US20030145987A1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2003-08-07 Hashem Mohamed Naguib Measuring the in situ static formation temperature
RU2205953C1 (ru) * 2001-11-08 2003-06-10 Открытое акционерное общество НПФ "Геофизика" Устройство для испытания пластов
GB2382604A (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-04 Schlumberger Holdings Method for validating a downhole connate water sample
GB2382604B (en) * 2001-11-28 2004-03-17 Schlumberger Holdings Method for validating a downhole connate water sample
US6729400B2 (en) 2001-11-28 2004-05-04 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method for validating a downhole connate water sample
US6658930B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2003-12-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Metal pad for downhole formation testing
US6640625B1 (en) 2002-05-08 2003-11-04 Anthony R. H. Goodwin Method and apparatus for measuring fluid density downhole
US20040011525A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2004-01-22 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for MWD formation testing
US7080552B2 (en) 2002-05-17 2006-07-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for MWD formation testing
US7204309B2 (en) 2002-05-17 2007-04-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. MWD formation tester
US20050072565A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-04-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. MWD formation tester
US6964301B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-11-15 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for subsurface fluid sampling
US8899323B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2014-12-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Modular pumpouts and flowline architecture
US8210260B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2012-07-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Single pump focused sampling
US9057250B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2015-06-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Formation evaluation system and method
US8047286B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2011-11-01 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Formation evaluation system and method
US20100175873A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-07-15 Mark Milkovisch Single pump focused sampling
US20100155061A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-06-24 Zazovsky Alexander F Formation evaluation system and method
US20090101339A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2009-04-23 Zazovsky Alexander F Formation evaluation system and method
US7484563B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2009-02-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Formation evaluation system and method
US20060000603A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-01-05 Zazovsky Alexander F Formation evaluation system and method
US20040000433A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-01 Hill Bunker M. Method and apparatus for subsurface fluid sampling
RU2237163C1 (ru) * 2003-05-21 2004-09-27 Открытое акционерное общество НПФ "Геофизика" Устройство для управления впуском флюида
US7121338B2 (en) 2004-01-27 2006-10-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc Probe isolation seal pad
US20050161218A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Probe isolation seal pad
US7243537B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2007-07-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc Methods for measuring a formation supercharge pressure
US20050235745A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-10-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for measuring a formation supercharge pressure
US20050257611A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for measuring formation properties
US7216533B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2007-05-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for using a formation tester
US20050257960A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for using formation property data
US7261168B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2007-08-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for using formation property data
US7260985B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2007-08-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc Formation tester tool assembly and methods of use
US20050257629A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole probe assembly
US20050257630A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation tester tool assembly and methods of use
US7603897B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2009-10-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole probe assembly
US20050268709A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-12-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for using a formation tester
WO2006001734A1 (fr) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-05 Zinoviy Dmitrievich Khomynets Appareil d'essais des couches polyvalent a ejection pour puits horizontaux et procede de fonctionnement de celui-ci
RU2263784C1 (ru) * 2004-06-23 2005-11-10 Зиновий Дмитриевич Хоминец Эжекторный многофункциональный пластоиспытатель для горизонтальных скважин и способ его работы
US7178591B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2007-02-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
US20060042793A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
US20070209793A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2007-09-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and Method for Formation Evaluation
US20060075813A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-13 Fisseler Patrick J Apparatus and method for drawing fluid into a downhole tool
US7114385B2 (en) 2004-10-07 2006-10-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for drawing fluid into a downhole tool
US20090283266A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2009-11-19 Nold Iii Raymond V Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
US20060076132A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-13 Nold Raymond V Iii Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
US7458419B2 (en) 2004-10-07 2008-12-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
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US20100218943A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2010-09-02 Nold Iii Raymond V Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
US7793713B2 (en) 2004-10-07 2010-09-14 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and method for formation evaluation
US7677307B2 (en) 2006-10-18 2010-03-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and methods to remove impurities at a sensor in a downhole tool
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US20080093078A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-24 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus and Methods to Remove Impurities at a Sensor in a Downhole Tool
GB2443038B (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-12-31 Schlumberger Holdings Apparatus and methods to remove impurities at a sensor in a downhole tool
US9243493B2 (en) 2008-06-11 2016-01-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Fluid density from downhole optical measurements
US20100202387A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Ryo Sawai Communication Control Method and Communication System
US9085964B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2015-07-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation tester pad
US9303509B2 (en) 2010-01-20 2016-04-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Single pump focused sampling
RU2441154C1 (ru) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-27 Александр Викторович Калмыков Способ испытания продуктивных пластов на предмет их гидравлического взаимовлияния
EP2805160A4 (en) * 2012-01-31 2015-06-10 Halliburton Energy Services Inc SENSOR PREPARATION DEVICE, SYSTEMS AND METHOD
US9182518B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-11-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sensor conditioning apparatus, systems, and methods
US9435200B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2016-09-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Determination of thermodynamic properties of a fluid based on density and sound speed
US10215022B2 (en) * 2013-12-19 2019-02-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Guard filtering system for focused sampling probe
WO2017194412A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Aquaresources Sa Underground tool for the in-situ assessment of aquifer quality and flow rate
US10815779B2 (en) 2016-05-09 2020-10-27 Aquaresources Sa Underground tool providing on-line information for in situ assessment of aquifer quality and flow rate
US20210198974A1 (en) * 2016-10-14 2021-07-01 Wireline Abandonment Corp. Wireline well abandonment tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA989726A (en) 1976-05-25
NO139281B (no) 1978-10-23
NO139281C (no) 1979-01-31
GB1449859A (en) 1976-09-15
AU6326473A (en) 1975-06-05
FR2209889A1 (enExample) 1974-07-05
FR2209889B1 (enExample) 1978-05-12
AR200419A1 (es) 1974-11-08

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