US3812565A - SINTERED FE{13 CR{13 C{13 {8 MO{13 V{13 Ni{9 {11 ALLOYS IMPREGNATED WITH Pb OR Rb-BASE ALLOYS - Google Patents

SINTERED FE{13 CR{13 C{13 {8 MO{13 V{13 Ni{9 {11 ALLOYS IMPREGNATED WITH Pb OR Rb-BASE ALLOYS Download PDF

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Publication number
US3812565A
US3812565A US00316545A US31654572A US3812565A US 3812565 A US3812565 A US 3812565A US 00316545 A US00316545 A US 00316545A US 31654572 A US31654572 A US 31654572A US 3812565 A US3812565 A US 3812565A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lead
alloy
sintered
alloys
percent
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00316545A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Seino
S Suzuno
Y Takeya
T Tobita
T Fukaya
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Resonac Corp
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Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0242—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy using the impregnating technique
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
    • Y10T428/12167—Nonmetal containing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sintered ferrous alloys and, more particularly, to sintered ferrous alloys having wear and heat resistant properties.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy herein disclosed will find a wide variety of practical applications for wear resistant and high-temperature services, it will be described by way of example as specifically used as the material for valve seats for automotive internal conbustion engines in which the valve seats are subject to serious wear and elevated temperature during operation.
  • Fuel containing lead or a lead compound such as tetraethyl lead as one of the typical chemical additives has long been employed for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles or other vehicles except for marine use.
  • the lead constituent in the automotive engine fuel is one of the major causes of vehicular air-pollution.
  • leadless fuel such as leadless gasoline and liquefied peroleum gas.
  • valve seat which is formed for instance of heat-resistant cast iron tends to be worn at its area to contact the valve face in a relatively short time to such an extent that'the valve is no longer properly workable.
  • a search for a. material which is congruous for the valve seat of the internal combustion engine is thus currently subject of intensive research and development in the automotive and allied industries.
  • An object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a new and useful material which is capable of withstanding wear and abrasion at elevated temperatures.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new and useful sintered ferrous alloy which is especially adapted for use as a material for a valve seat member of an automotive internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. I is a graph indicating a relationship between tensile strength and temperature as exhibited in sintered ferrous alloys according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph indicating a relationship between hardness and proportion of chrome in a sintered ferrous alloy and a relationship between tensile strength and proportion of chrome in the same alloy;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating variations in hardness against elevated temperature as observed in various metal materials including a sintered ferrous alloy proposed by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a graph indicating a relationship between the coefficient of linear expansion and temperature in various sintered ferrous alloys including those implementing the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the amounts of wear in terms of time in hours of various metal materials including those which are provided in accordance with the present invention.
  • the ferrous alloy of the kind which is prepared by compacting and sintering metal particles in the presence of lead has a wear-resistant property which is short of the acceptable level. This is considered attributable to an insufficient mechanical strength of the base steel and to a limited proportion of the lead constituent in the ferrous alloy of the particular kind.
  • the lead containing ferrous alloy produced in the powder metallurgy method is thus unacceptable as the material for the valve seat of the internal combustion engine using leadless fuel.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy filled with lead in its voids has proved to have a wear resistance of an acceptable order, according to other experiments conducted by us.
  • Bench tests were further conducted in which the valve seat formed of the lead filled ferrous alloy was actually installed on an automotive internal combustion engine.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy used in these tests contained, on a weight basis, 3 percent of copper, l.4percent of molybdenum, 0.9 percent of carbon and the balance iron.
  • the tests revealed that a considerable amount of play is invited between the valve seat member and the engine cylinder head in which the valve seat member was shrink fitted as usual.
  • the particular material may find extensive and successful applications in general wear resistant services, the material is not acceptable as the wear and heat resistant material for the valve seat of the internal combustion engine.
  • the valve seat member of the internal combustion engine usually has a limit in external size which is so prescribed that the seat member is interference or shrink fitted into a mounting hole formed in the cylinder head. It therefore follows that the valve seat member is subjected to repeated expansion and contraction while being constantly under compression by the surrounding portion of the cylinder head, which is different from the sliding parts. In order that the valve seat member be will give satisfactory service in the engine cylinder, it should be endowed with not only a wear resistance of a sufficient order but also with an increased fatigue property against thermal shock.
  • the goal of the present invention is, thereforeato provide an improved sintered ferrous alloy exhibiting sufficient wear resistance and fatigue property against thermal shock when used, for example, in the internal combustion engine using leadless fuel.
  • Such goal has been achieved by virtue of intensive research and development covering a wide variety of sintered steels.
  • the present invention thus proposes a new lead filled sintered ferrous alloy containing 0.6 to 1.2 percent of carbon, 2 to 4 percent of chrome and the remaining percentage ofiron on a weight basis.
  • the ferrous alloy having this composition is advantageous for use a material for the valve seats of internal combustion engines which are driven under relatively light loads.
  • the lead filled sintered ferrous alloys contain 0.6 to 1.2 per cent of carbon, 2 to 4 percent of chrome, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of vanadium and the remaining percentage of iron, all on a weight basis.
  • the alloy may further contain l to 4 percent of nickel. This will prove advantageous where it is desired that the safety of operation of the engine be enhanced.
  • the lead with which the sintered ferrous alloy is filled may include not only elemental lead but also a lead based alloy having a relatively low melting temperature and containing at least one of tin, antimony. cadmium and bismuth.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy according to the present invention is used as the material for the valve seats of internal combustion engines, the alloy filled with elemental lead will be suitable for engines driven at relatively high temperatures and the alloy filled with the lead alloy for engines driven at relatively low temperatures. Since, moreover, the proportion of the carbon in the alloy according to the present invention is limited to a range of 0.2 to 0.5 percent by weight, the mechanical strength of the alloy remains substantially constant irrespective of a change in the proportion of carbon. This will provide ease of controlling the sintering operation of the alloy and accordingly a stabilized quality of the final product.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy to be filled with lead is usually fabricated by the powder metallurgy method which in itself is well known in the art.
  • each of the constituents of the alloy may be provided in the form of powder of the element or, for the prevention of segregation of the particles and to provide ease of quality control, each constituent may be provided in the form of an alloy powder.
  • the quantity of carbon should be determined in consideration of the hydrogen loss.
  • the ferrous alloy according to the present invention contains chrome, it is important that the mixed powders of the constituents be sintered in the presence of a highly reducing atmosphere with a relatively low humidity and at an elevated temperature.
  • the following table indicates compositions and mechanical properties of a representative prior art sintered ferrous alloy which is denoted by A and of the sintered ferrous alloys B, C and D which are prepared in accordance with the present invention.
  • the prior art ferrous alloy A is prepared from mixed powders of elemental carbon, molybdenum, copper and iron and sintered at a temperature of l,l30C for 30 minutes.
  • the sintered ferrous alloys B and C according to the present invention are prepared eachfrom a mixture of graphite powder and powders of alloying elements and sintered in an atmosphere of refined hydrogen at a temperature of l,250C for 30 minutes.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy B is an example in which only carbon and chrome are used as the alloying elements while the sintered ferrous alloy C is an example containing molybdenum and vanadium in addition to carbon and chrome as the alloying elements.
  • the alloys A to C are all void of lead filling while the sintered ferrous alloy D is an example in which an alloy having thesame composition as the alloy C has its pores filled with lead at a temperature of about 1,000C. To ensure sufficient wear resistance property of the sintered ferrous alloy to be used as the material for the engine valve seats, it is important that the pores of the alloy be filled with at least percent by weight of lead.
  • the sintered ferrous alloy C according to the present invention exhibits a property such that the hardness thereof increases as the temperature rises to the vicinity of 300C.
  • the hardness of the alloy C drops as the temperature rises beyond about 300C but still reamins at a level of the order of the hardness at a nonnal temperature when heated up to the vicinity of 400C.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates curves indicating the variations of the coefficients of linear expansion at elevated temperatures of the sintered ferrous alloy A of the prior art composition and the sintered ferrous alloys C and D according to the present invention. These curves show that the coefficients of linear expansion of the ferrous alloys C and D are limited to relative low levels as compared with that of the prior art ferrous alloy A. This means that, where the ferrous alloys C and D are used as the material for the valve seat members of the internal combustion engines, the valve seat memebers are subjected to significantly reduced expansion and contraction when the engine is being driven. The increased hardness and reduced variation in the coefficient of linear expansion at elevated temperatures of the material according to the present invention will thus considerably contribute to improvement of the heat-resistant ability and to prolongation of the service life of the valve seat members formed of such material.
  • a wear and heat resistant composition comprising a sintered ferrous base alloy comprising 0.6 to 1.2 percent carbon by weight, 2 to 4 percent chromium by weight, and the remainder iron, the pores of said sintered ferrous base alloy being impregnated with a material selected from the group consisting of lead and lead based alloys, the material constituting at least 10 percent by weight of the ferrous base alloy.
  • composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said impregnated material is a lead based alloy containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony, cadmium and bismuth.
  • composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said impregnated material is lead.
  • a composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sintered ferrous base alloy further comprises 0.2 to 0.5 percent molybdenum by weight and 0.2 to 0.4 percent vanadium by weight.
  • composition as claimed in claim 4 wherein said impregnated material is a lead based alloy containing at least one element selected from the group consisting

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
US00316545A 1971-12-27 1972-12-19 SINTERED FE{13 CR{13 C{13 {8 MO{13 V{13 Ni{9 {11 ALLOYS IMPREGNATED WITH Pb OR Rb-BASE ALLOYS Expired - Lifetime US3812565A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP46105526A JPS4870605A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-27 1971-12-27

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US3812565A true US3812565A (en) 1974-05-28

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US (1) US3812565A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4870605A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU451279B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA970998A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2263548C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2170566A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1407040A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983615A (en) * 1973-02-09 1976-10-05 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Sliding seal member for an internal combustion engine
WO1981003295A1 (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-11-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Infiltrated powdered metal composite article
US4552590A (en) * 1980-04-25 1985-11-12 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co. Ltd. Ferro-sintered alloys
US6302937B1 (en) 1998-05-22 2001-10-16 Hitachi Powdered Metals, Co., Ltd. Sintered alloy having superior wear resistance

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2192792A (en) * 1938-07-28 1940-03-05 Gen Motors Corp Method of sintering and impregnating porous metal briquettes
US2409307A (en) * 1942-07-01 1946-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Projectile
US2561579A (en) * 1947-10-02 1951-07-24 Gen Motors Corp Impregnated ferrous gear
US3495957A (en) * 1965-03-15 1970-02-17 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Lead-impregnated,iron-base,sinteredalloy materials for current-collecting slider shoes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2192792A (en) * 1938-07-28 1940-03-05 Gen Motors Corp Method of sintering and impregnating porous metal briquettes
US2409307A (en) * 1942-07-01 1946-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Projectile
US2561579A (en) * 1947-10-02 1951-07-24 Gen Motors Corp Impregnated ferrous gear
US3495957A (en) * 1965-03-15 1970-02-17 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Lead-impregnated,iron-base,sinteredalloy materials for current-collecting slider shoes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983615A (en) * 1973-02-09 1976-10-05 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Sliding seal member for an internal combustion engine
US4552590A (en) * 1980-04-25 1985-11-12 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co. Ltd. Ferro-sintered alloys
WO1981003295A1 (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-11-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Infiltrated powdered metal composite article
US4327156A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-04-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Infiltrated powdered metal composite article
US6302937B1 (en) 1998-05-22 2001-10-16 Hitachi Powdered Metals, Co., Ltd. Sintered alloy having superior wear resistance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU451279B2 (en) 1974-07-17
GB1407040A (en) 1975-09-24
DE2263548B2 (de) 1977-08-04
FR2170566A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-14
DE2263548C3 (de) 1978-03-23
CA970998A (en) 1975-07-15
AU5029872A (en) 1974-06-20
DE2263548A1 (de) 1973-07-19
JPS4870605A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-25

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