US3811919A - New process for improving the resistance of surfaces against erosion - Google Patents

New process for improving the resistance of surfaces against erosion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3811919A
US3811919A US00149016A US14901671A US3811919A US 3811919 A US3811919 A US 3811919A US 00149016 A US00149016 A US 00149016A US 14901671 A US14901671 A US 14901671A US 3811919 A US3811919 A US 3811919A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
fibers
boron
resistance
improving
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00149016A
Inventor
J Vigneau
P Lescop
P Teysseyre
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/249948—Fiber is precoated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/259—Silicic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31598—Next to silicon-containing [silicone, cement, etc.] layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31609—Particulate metal or metal compound-containing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT There is disclosed a process for improving the resistance of the surface of a substrate against erosion and wear.
  • the process includes coating the substrate with a coating consisting of fibers in a plastic matrix, the fibers being selected from materials wherein at least thesurfaces thereof are coated with boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide. At least a portion of the plastic matrix is removed from the surface, thereby exposing some of the embedded fibers.
  • the surface is then coated with a polyurethane material containing a quantity of particulate material wherein at least the surfaces thereof are of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide.
  • the present invention relates to a process for applying an erosion resistant coating to a substrate.
  • the present invention is directed to a process for improving the resistance to erosion of surfaces either metallic or non metallic, which are subjected to friction or particulate impact.
  • the process of the present invention comprises coating the surfaces or portions of surfaces subjected to erosion with at least one layer of a composite coating material containing fibers dispersed in a plastic binding agent.
  • the surfaces of the fibers are either boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide.
  • the surface is sandblasted to remove the plastic binding material, and a coating of polyurethane containing particles having a surface of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide is applied.
  • the surface to be protected is first coated with one or more layers of threads or fibers contained in an organic resin.
  • These threads or fibers have boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide surfaces.
  • the threads or fibers may be oriented in a preferred direction; in the case where more than one layer is used, the orientation may differ from one layer to the next.
  • the amount of threads or fibers contained in the coating composition may range from 30 percent to 70 percent by volume.
  • the orientation of the threads in the coating is determined by the degree and orientation of the flexion, traction, or torsion stresses which the pieces may receive in use, as such oriented threads may advantageously enhance the resistance to stress of the entire piece.
  • the coating of the present invention to a substrate, two methods could be used. Where the substrate had a non-metallic surface, such as the case of a glass or carbon laminate, the coating would be effected at the time the laminate was is preeroded by dry or humid sandblasting with the aid of an abrasive such as alumina of low granulometry. This treatment preferably eliminates the organic ma trix, leaving a coating solely of the threads or fibers.
  • this second coating comprises an elastomeric binder and a charge of 15 to 60 percent fine particles intrinsically resistant to erosion.
  • This charge is based on micronized powders having a boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide surface. A silicon carbide surface is preferred.
  • the outer carbon layers of the above-described compressor blade are replaced by one or more unidirectional layers of boron or silicon carbide threads, which may have angles of intersection provided so as either to not change or to improve the characteristics of the blade.
  • the blade is sandblasted dry with alumina. This sandblasting operation eliminates on the surface and between each thread the epoxide resin whose behavior to erosion is poor.
  • a finishing coating is then applied.
  • it is a polyurethane based paint charged with a micronized silicon carbide powder.
  • the paint penetrates the intermolded.
  • the coating would be first molded and then attached to the metal surface by means of a suitable adhesive.
  • the coating resulting from the abovedescribed methods generally proves to be inadequate in preventing erosion due to the wear of the organic resin forming the matrix between the fibers of the coating.
  • the method of the present invention alleviates this problem by removing the organic matrix between the fibers and then applying a second coating containing fine particles.
  • One or more layers of a first coating composition are applied to the surface to be protected.
  • This coating composition comprises an organic plastic matrix containing from 30 percent to 70 percent by volume of threads or fibers having a coating of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide. After this coating is applied, it
  • the process of the present invention may also be used to make helicopter blades.
  • the blades are coated with threads or fibers suspended'in a matrix, which coating is treated by sandblasting and then overcoated as in the process described above.
  • a process for applying an improved erosion resistance coating to a substrate comprising coating the substrate with a composition comprising a plastic material containing fibers having a surface of a material selected from the group consisting of boron, boron carbide, and silicon carbide; sandblasting said coating; thereafter coating the surface thus obtained with a coating of polyurethane containing micronized particles having a surface of a material selected from the group consisting 3 4 60% by volume of the polyurethane coating composiapplied.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

There is disclosed a process for improving the resistance of the surface of a substrate against erosion and wear. The process includes coating the substrate with a coating consisting of fibers in a plastic matrix, the fibers being selected from materials wherein at least the surfaces thereof are coated with boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide. At least a portion of the plastic matrix is removed from the surface, thereby exposing some of the embedded fibers. The surface is then coated with a polyurethane material containing a quantity of particulate material wherein at least the surfaces thereof are of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Lescop et a1.
1 1 May21, 1974 1 NEW PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE RESISTANCE OF SURFACES AGAINST EROSION [75] Inventors: Pierre Lescop, Le Kremlin-Bicetre; Pierre Michel Teysseyre, Paris; Joel Olivier Vigneau, Corbeil, all of France [73] Assignee: Societe Nationale DEtude & de
Construction de Moteurs DAviation (SNECMA), Paris, France [22] Filed: June 1, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 149,016
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,193,424 7/1965 Scott 156/153 Cclentuno 117/72 Chadscy, Jr. ct a1. 117/75 Hoffman [5 7] ABSTRACT There is disclosed a process for improving the resistance of the surface of a substrate against erosion and wear. The process includes coating the substrate with a coating consisting of fibers in a plastic matrix, the fibers being selected from materials wherein at least thesurfaces thereof are coated with boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide. At least a portion of the plastic matrix is removed from the surface, thereby exposing some of the embedded fibers. The surface is then coated with a polyurethane material containing a quantity of particulate material wherein at least the surfaces thereof are of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide.
7 Claims, No Drawings BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for applying an erosion resistant coating to a substrate.
The durability of many pieces of industrial equipment, such as compressor blades or helicopter blades, is dependent to a large extent on the erosion of the equipment by friction or by impact of finely divided solid or liquid particles. As there is no way to avoid this friction or particulate impact during use of the equipment, some means is needed to protect the equipment against such erosion.
The present invention is directed to a process for improving the resistance to erosion of surfaces either metallic or non metallic, which are subjected to friction or particulate impact. The process of the present invention comprises coating the surfaces or portions of surfaces subjected to erosion with at least one layer of a composite coating material containing fibers dispersed in a plastic binding agent. The surfaces of the fibers are either boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide. After the fiber-containing coating materialis applied, the surface is sandblasted to remove the plastic binding material, and a coating of polyurethane containing particles having a surface of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide is applied.
Thus, according to the present invention, the surface to be protected is first coated with one or more layers of threads or fibers contained in an organic resin. These threads or fibers have boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide surfaces. In this coating the threads or fibers may be oriented in a preferred direction; in the case where more than one layer is used, the orientation may differ from one layer to the next.
The amount of threads or fibers contained in the coating composition may range from 30 percent to 70 percent by volume.
The orientation of the threads in the coating is determined by the degree and orientation of the flexion, traction, or torsion stresses which the pieces may receive in use, as such oriented threads may advantageously enhance the resistance to stress of the entire piece.
Previously, in order to apply the coating of the present invention to a substrate, two methods could be used. Where the substrate had a non-metallic surface, such as the case of a glass or carbon laminate, the coating would be effected at the time the laminate was is preeroded by dry or humid sandblasting with the aid of an abrasive such as alumina of low granulometry. This treatment preferably eliminates the organic ma trix, leaving a coating solely of the threads or fibers.
Next, a second coating is applied; this second coating comprises an elastomeric binder and a charge of 15 to 60 percent fine particles intrinsically resistant to erosion. This charge is based on micronized powders having a boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide surface. A silicon carbide surface is preferred.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The example given below describes a process for protecting a compressor blade composed of carbon fibers in an epoxide resin matrix against erosion. In the manufacture of such a blade, a technology is used which employs the stacking of the unidirectional layers of carbon fibers pre-impregnated with epoxide resin. Certain of these layers have angles of intersection provided to obtain a satisfactory modulus in flexion and torsion with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blade. The stack of the plurality of layers is placed in a closed mold and then heated under pressure up to the polymerization temperature of the epoxide resin.
According to the present invention, the outer carbon layers of the above-described compressor blade are replaced by one or more unidirectional layers of boron or silicon carbide threads, which may have angles of intersection provided so as either to not change or to improve the characteristics of the blade. After the base is polymerized and machined, the blade is sandblasted dry with alumina. This sandblasting operation eliminates on the surface and between each thread the epoxide resin whose behavior to erosion is poor.
A finishing coating is then applied. In this case it is a polyurethane based paint charged with a micronized silicon carbide powder. The paint penetrates the intermolded. In the case of a metallic substrate, the coating would be first molded and then attached to the metal surface by means of a suitable adhesive.
However, the coating resulting from the abovedescribed methods generally proves to be inadequate in preventing erosion due to the wear of the organic resin forming the matrix between the fibers of the coating. The method of the present invention alleviates this problem by removing the organic matrix between the fibers and then applying a second coating containing fine particles.
One or more layers of a first coating composition are applied to the surface to be protected. This coating composition comprises an organic plastic matrix containing from 30 percent to 70 percent by volume of threads or fibers having a coating of boron, boron carbide, or silicon carbide. After this coating is applied, it
stices between the threads of boron or boron carbide and enables a final smooth surface to be obtained having adequate aerodynamic characteristics.
The process of the present invention may also be used to make helicopter blades. The blades are coated with threads or fibers suspended'in a matrix, which coating is treated by sandblasting and then overcoated as in the process described above.
We claim:
1. A process for applying an improved erosion resistance coating to a substrate comprising coating the substrate with a composition comprising a plastic material containing fibers having a surface of a material selected from the group consisting of boron, boron carbide, and silicon carbide; sandblasting said coating; thereafter coating the surface thus obtained with a coating of polyurethane containing micronized particles having a surface of a material selected from the group consisting 3 4 60% by volume of the polyurethane coating composiapplied. tion- 7.Th f 1' 6 h e' atl t r 6. The process of claim 1 wherein the plastic material 6 O 6 mm w er m eas a pm when being applied to said substrate is an unpolymerof the matnx removed by Sand blastmg' ized polymer and the coating is polymerized after being

Claims (6)

  1. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the matrix is removed by sand blasting.
  2. 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the plastic material is an epoxide resin.
  3. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the fibers in the plastic material comprise 30 to 70% by volume of said composition.
  4. 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the micronized particles in the polyurethane coating comprise 15 to 60% by volume of the polyurethane coating composition.
  5. 6. The process of claim 1 wherein the plastic material when being applied to said substrate is an unpolymerized polymer and the coating is polymerized after being applied.
  6. 7. The process of claim 6 wherein at least a portion of the matrix is removed by sand blasting.
US00149016A 1970-06-05 1971-06-01 New process for improving the resistance of surfaces against erosion Expired - Lifetime US3811919A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR7020826A FR2093228A5 (en) 1970-06-05 1970-06-05

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5757334A (en) * 1989-08-29 1998-05-26 Hughes Electronics Corporation Graphite composite structures exhibiting electrical conductivity
FR2980487A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-29 Snecma Turbomachine part such as a turbojet or a turbopropeller and a fan blade of an aircraft, comprises a substrate coated with a first attachment layer and a glossy paint layer, and a paint layer for providing protection against corrosion
US10441968B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2019-10-15 United Technologies Corporation Substrates coated with wear resistant layers and methods of applying wear resistant layers to same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3151413A1 (en) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-14 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München "SHOVEL OF A FLUID MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR GAS TURBINE"
GB2118459B (en) * 1982-03-25 1986-03-26 Koop Wijnbouers Zuid Afrika Coating of a surface
AUPR373901A0 (en) * 2001-03-14 2001-04-12 Leach Aero Services Pty Ltd An article having an erodynamic surface

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5757334A (en) * 1989-08-29 1998-05-26 Hughes Electronics Corporation Graphite composite structures exhibiting electrical conductivity
US10441968B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2019-10-15 United Technologies Corporation Substrates coated with wear resistant layers and methods of applying wear resistant layers to same
FR2980487A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-29 Snecma Turbomachine part such as a turbojet or a turbopropeller and a fan blade of an aircraft, comprises a substrate coated with a first attachment layer and a glossy paint layer, and a paint layer for providing protection against corrosion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2093228A5 (en) 1972-01-28
GB1349383A (en) 1974-04-03

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