US3809660A - Epoxide resin mixtures of heterocyclic n,n'-diglycidyl compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

NEW EPOXIDE RESIN MIXTURES CONTAINING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF HIGHER-MOLECULAR N,N''-DIGLYCIDYL COMPOUNDS OF CYCLIC UREIDE DERIVATIVES ARE OBTAINED IF 1 MOL OF A CYCLIC UREIDE, SUCH AS HYDANTOIN OR DIHYDROURACIL, IS REACTED WITH 1,2,3,0 MOLS OF EPIHALOGENOHYDRIN IN A KNOWN MANNER, THE NEW EPOXIDE RESIN MIXTURES ARE SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDINGS AND COATINGS HAVING GOOD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DISPLAY THE ADVANTAGE, AS COMPARED TO THE LOW MOLECULAR N,N''-DIGLYCIDYL COMPOUNDS OF CYCLIC UREIDES, THAT ON GELLING A SLIGHTER EXOTHERMIC EFFECT OCCURS AND ON CURRING A SLIGHTER SKRINKAGE OCCURS.

Description

United States Patent ()ffiCC 3,809,660 Patented May 7, 1974 3,809,660 EPOXIDE RESIN MIXTURES OF HETEROCYCLIC N,N'-DIGLYCIDYL COMPOUNDS Iurgen Habermeier, Pfeflingen, Daniel Porret, Binningen, and Dieter Baumann, Birsfelden, Switzerland, assignors to Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, N.Y. No Drawing. Filed Dec. 26, 1972, Ser. No. 318,319 Claims priority, applicagohsyiizerland, Dec. 30, 1971,

Int. ci.cs 30/02 US. Cl. 260-2 EP 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention relates to curable epoxide resin mixtures of heterocyclic N,N-diglycidyl compounds, a process for their manufacture and their use.

It is known that the corresponding N,N'-diglycidyl compounds can be manufactured by reaction of epihalogenohydrin with cyclic ureides such as hydantoin orparabanic acid. Such compounds are obtained according to the process described in British patent specification No. 1,148,570 by using a large molar excess of epihalogenohydrin per equivalent NH group of the cyclic ureide.

Whilst the N,N'-diglycidyl compounds manufactured in this way and containing one heterocyclic ring are valuable epoxide resins which can be converted into shaped articles and coatings having good mechanical properties, these resins also suffer from some disadvantages for many industrial applications. As a result of the relatively great exothermic eifect occurring on gelling of these resins, the substrates or articles to be coated can easilybe damaged. The shrinkage occurring during curing of. the resins also easily leads to damage or shifting of thearticles to be potted and the manufacture of shaped articles of large volume which are free of cavities and cracks frequently proves difficult.

It has now been found that these. disadvantages can largely be reduced if instead of the known N,-N'-diglycidyl compounds of cyclic ureides certain epoxide resin mixtures are used which contain, in addition to the known N,N'-diglycidyl compounds, a major proportion of highermolecular N,N'-diglycidyl compounds of cyclic ureide derivatives.

The subjects of the present application are therefore epoxide resin mixtures of heterocyclic -N,N'-diglycidyl compounds of the Formula I wherein Z denotes an unsubstituted or substituted methylene or ethylene group and n denotes numbers from 0 to about 12, preferably 0 to 7, with the proportion, in the epoxide resin mixture, of the compound with n=0 being less than 50 mol percent, preferably less than mol percent.

In the Formula I, Z preferably denotes one of the following groups:

HiC H: CH; CH:

g H C HaC HaC /JJ- l HaC CH: 11 CH; CH: 2); C J:

\ A o-- HIC CH; CH:

m=4 or 5.

The epoxide resin mixtures are manufactured according to the invention by reacting 1 mol of a cyclic ureide of the Formula II zc=o (II) ml 1...

wherein Z has the same meaning as in the Formula I, with 1.2-3.0 mols of epihalogenohydrin, preferably 1.5- 2.0 mols of epihalogenohydrin, in the presence of a catalyst and treating the resulting product containing halogenohydrin groups with agents which split 01f hydrogen halide.

Preferably, epichlorohydrin is used as the epihalogenohydrin. However, epibromohydrin or B-methyl-epichlorohydrin can also be used with advantage.

Suitable catalysts for the reaction of the epihalogenohydrin with the cyclic ureide are above all tertiary amines such as triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, benzyldimethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline and triethanolamine; quaternary ammonium bases such as benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide; quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium' chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium acetate and methyltriethylammonium chloride; hydrazines with a tertiary nitrogen atom, such as 1,1- dimethylhydrazines, which can also be employed in a quaternized form; alkali halides such as lithium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride, bromide or fluoride; further, ion exchange resins with tertiary or quaternary amino groups, and also ion exchangers with acid amide groups. Basic impurities which can occur in technical commercial available forms of the starting compounds can also act as catalysts. In such cases it is not necessary to add a special catalyst.

The reaction of the epihalogenohydrin with the compound of the Formula II is as a rule carried out at an elevated temperature, for example 200 C. Preferably, the reaction temperature is 7 0-150 C.

As a rule, strong alkalis, such as anhydrous sodium hydroxide or concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, are used as agents splitting off hydrogen halide in the process; however, other alkaline reagents, such as potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate can also be used. The cyclic ureides used as starting substances of the Formula II are above all hydantoin, hydantoin derivatives, dihydrouracil and dihydrouracil derivatives.

The reaction of the epichlorohydrin with a compound of the Formula II can also be carried out in the presence of solvents. However, such solvents can also be add- 3 i ed in a later stage of the reaction, for example before, during or after the dehydrohalogenation.

Hydantoin and its preferred derivatives correspond to the general formula HN/ \NH 0=l--(. 1 Rl Ra (III) wherein R and R each denote a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical with l to 4 carbon atoms, or wherein R and R together form a tetramethylene or pentamethylene radical. Hydantoin, S-methylhydantoin, -methyl-5- ethylhydantoin, 5 n-propylhydantoin, S-isopropylhydantoin, 1,3 diaza-spiro(4.5)-decane-2,4-dione, 1,3-diazaspiro(4.4)-nonane-2,4-dione and preferably 5,5-dimethylhydantoin may be mentioned.

Dihydrouracil (=2,4-dioxo-hexahydropyrimidine) and its preferred derivatives correspond to the general formula wherein R and R independently of one another each denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R and R both individually denote a hydrogen atom or identical or dilferent alkyl groups, preferably with l to 4 carbon atoms.

Preferably, in the above formula, R denotes a hydrogen atom, R denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and R and R denote methyl groups.

The following may be mentioned: 5,6-dihydrouracil, 5,5 dimethyl-S,6-dihydrouracil (2,4-dioxo-5,5-dimethyl hexahydropyrimidine) and 5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6- dihydrouracil (2,4 dioxo5,5dimethyl-6-isopropylhexa hydropyrimidine The epoxide resin mixtures, manufactured according to the invention, of heterocyclic N,N'-diglycidyl compounds of the Formula I are as a rule clear, colorless to slightly brown-colored resins of medium to high viscosity at room temperature, which do not crystallize out.

The epoxide resin mixtures react with the customary curing agents for polyepoxide compounds and can therefore be crosslinked or cured by addition of such curing agents analogously to other polyfunctional epoxide compounds or epoxide resins. Preferably, polybasic carboxylic acids and their anhydrides are used for curing the epoxide resin mixtures, for example phthalic anhydride, A -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 4- methyl-hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 3,6-endomethylene- A -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl-3,6-endomethyleneA' -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (=methylnadic anhydride) 3,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-3,6-endomethylene-A -tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, adipic anhydride, azelaic anhydride, sebacic anhydride, maleic anhy dride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, or mixtures of such anhydrides.

Furthermore, curing accelerators can be employed in the curing reaction. In the curing reaction by means of polycarboxylic anhydrides, suitable accelerators are, for example, tertiary amines, their salts or quaternary ammonium compounds, for example 2,4,6 tris-(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, benzyldimethylamine, 2-ethyl-4- methyl-imidazole, 4-aminopyridine and triamylammonium phenolate, and also alkali metal alcoholates, such as, for

" example, sodium hexanetriolate.

The term curing as used here denotes the conversion of the epoxide resin mixtures into insoluble and infusible crosslinked products, in particular, as a rule, with simultaneous shaping to give shaped articles, such as castings, pressings or laminates and the like, or to give coatings, coverings, lacquer films or adhesive bonds.

The curing reaction is as a rule carried out at elevated temperature, and, depending on the choice of the curing agent, at temperatures of 50-180 C. If desired, the curing reaction can also be carried out in 2 stages by first prematurely stopping the curing reaction or carrying out the first stage at an only moderately elevated temperature, whereby a curable precondensate which is still fusible and soluble (a so-called B-stage) is obtained from the epoxide resin component and the curing agent component. Such a precondensate can serve, for example, for the manufacture of prepregs, compression moulding compositions or sintering powders.

Hence, a further subject of the present invention are curable mixtures which are suitable for the manufacture of shapedarticles, coatings, coverings, lacquer films or adhesive bonds and which contain the epoxide resin mixtures manufactured according to the invention together with curing agents for epoxide resins, preferably polycarboxylic acid or its anhydrides.

The epoxide resin mixtures manufactured according to the invention, or their mixtures with epoxide resin curing agents, can furthermore be mixed, in any stage before curing, with customary modifiers, such as extenders, fillers and reinforcing agents, pigments, dyestulfs, organic solvents, plasticizers, flow control agents, agents for conferring thixotropy, flameproofing substances or mould release agents.

Particularly for use in the lacquer field, the polyepoxide compounds according to the invention can furthermore be partially esterified in a known manner with carboxylic acids such as, in particular, higher unsaturated fatty acids. It is furthermore possible to add other curable synthetic resins, for example phenoplasts or aminoplasts, to such lacquer resin formulations.

The curable mixtures are in particular suitable for use as casting resins, electrical resins and lacquer resins, and for the manufacture of compression moulding compositions.

In the examples which follow, parts denote parts by weight and percentages denote percentages by weight.

To determine the mechanical properties of the curable mixtures described in the examples which follow, sheets of size 92 x 41 x 12 mm. were manufactured for the determination of flexural strength, deflection, impact strength and water absorption. The test specimens (60 x 10 x 4 mm.) for determining the water absorption and for the flexural test and impact test (VSM 1 77,103 and VSM 77,105 respectively) were machined from the sheets.

Test specimens of dimensions x 15 x 10 mm. were cast in each case for determining the heat distortion point according to Martens (DIN 2 53,458).

MANUFACTURING EXAMPLES Example 1 A mixture of 768 g. of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin ('6 mols), 925 g. of epichlorohydrin (10 mols) and 10 g. of 50% strength aqueous tetramethylammonium chloride solution is warmed to 70 C. whilst stirring. Hereupon a strongly exothermic reaction starts and the heating bath is replaced by a cooling bath at -10 C. The temperature then rises to 148 C. and at the same time the suspension changes to a clear melt. When the exothermic effect has subsided,

Vereln Schwelzerlscher Maschinenindustrieller. 2 Deutsche Industrle-Norm.

the mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes at 90 C. 704 g. of a 50% strength sodium hydroxide solution (8.8 mols) are then added dropwise over the course of 135 minutes at 60-70 C. under reduced pressure (80-100 mm. Hg) whilst stirring vigorously; at the same time the water present in the reaction mixture is continuously removed azeotropically from the batch, and separated ofl. The reaction mixture becomes rather viscous towards the end. After the dropwise addition of the sodium hydroxide solution, 5 ml. of epichlorohydrin were added and water was further removed from the system until a total of 491 ml. of water have been separated off. The batch is cooled to 40 C., diluted with 2.5 litres of chloroform and then cooled to room temperature. The sodium chloride produced in the reaction is removed by suction filtration. To remove remnants of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide the solution is twice washed with 250 m1. of water and concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 50-60" C. under a water pump vacuum. 100 ml. of water are then added to remove traces of epichlorohydrin azeotropically from the mixture by distillation; thereafter this operation is repeated with 100 ml. of toluene. The epoxide resin is then dried to constant weight at 65 C./ 0.2 mm. Hg. 1,088 g. of a viscous epoxide resin with 4.39 epoxide equivalents/ kg. are obtained. The molecular distribution for the epoxide resin mixture of the Formula I can be estimated from the gel permeation chromatogram to be the following: n=0: -22%, n=1: -22%, n1=2: -16%, 11:33: -12%, n 3: -28%.

Example 2 768 g. of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (6 mols) together with 462.5 g. of epichlorohydrin mols) and g. of 50% strength aqueous tetramethylammonium chloride are warmed to 60 C. An exothermic reaction'commences immediately and the heating bath is replaced by an ice water bath. The temperature then rises to 90 C. 462.5 g. of epichlorohydrin (5 mols) are added dropwise over the course of minutes to the melt of the reaction mixture and thereafter the batch is stirred for a further 30 minutes at 85-90 C. Dehydrohalogenation is then carried out in accordance with Example 1, with 600 g. of 50% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide'solution". Working up takes place according to Example 1. 1,148 g. of a viscous, almost colorless resin with 5.0 epoxide equivalents/kg. are obtained. The total chlorine content is 0.7%.

The molecular distribution for the resulting epoxide resin mixture of the Formula I can be estimated from the gel permeation chromatogram to be the following: n=0z -45%, n=1: -24%, n=2: -15%, n.='3: -7.5%, n 3: -5%.

Example 3 The reaction vessel used is a sulphonation flask of 2.5 litres capacity which is equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, two 250 m1. dropping funnels and a 30 cm. long fractionating column filledwith Raschig rings. The fractionating colum'n carries a fractionating column with a head thermometer and an attached receiver.

309 g. (3.34 mols) of epichlorohydrin, 336 g; (2.0 mols) of 5,5 pentamethylenehydantoin (=1,3 diazaspiro-[4,5]-decane-2,4-dione), 750 m1. of dioxane and 3.3 g. of a 50% strength aqueous solution of trimethylammom'um chloride are initially introduced into the reaction vessel, and warmed. The reaction mixture, which initially can hardly be mixed, becomes stirrable at 105 C. and reflux commences at an internal temperature of approx. 115 C., which is now kept constant-The dropwise addition of 235 g. (2.93 mols) of a 50% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is then started whilst simultaneously distilling ofi dioxane and water of reaction at the same speed, this requiring 160 minutes. When, after approx. 120 minutes, about 180 g. of aqueous sodium hy- 340 ml. of distillate are present, the dropwise addition of a total of 300 ml. of dioxane is startedfroin the second dropping funnel in' order to keep the reaction mixture stirrable. Sodium hydroxide solution and dioxane are now added dropwise simultaneously over the course of 40 minutes. The addition of dioxane should be complete approx. 75' minutes after the completion of the addition of sodium hydroxide solution. The distillation temperature in the fractionating column head is then about 89 C.; the temperature of the reaction mixture fluctuates between 89 and 108 C. After completion of the addition of dioxane, distillation is continued until a total of 880 ml. of distillate are present.

500 ml. of epichlorohydrin are now added dropwise to the reaction mixture over the course of 30 minutes and distillation is continued at 140 C. bath temperature. When approx. 1,000 ml. of distillate are present the reaction is stopped and the mixture is filtered hot, the filter residueis washed with ml. of epichlorohydrin and the epichlorohydrin solutions are washed with water. The organic phases are dried with sodium sulphate until free of water and are concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. 469 g. of an epoxide resin mixture with an epoxide content of 1.1 equivalents/kg. are obtained.

. The resulting product shows a numerical average molecular weight fi -1,250 and the weight average molecular weight is l1 /L,,-2,096.

4 For this product, the index n of Formula I is on average Separation by gel chromatography shows that at 49 percent by weight of the product n 6 and at 19 percent by weight n 12.

it Example 4 274.8 g. (1.5 mols) of 5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil, 185 g. of epichlorohydrin (2.0 mols) and 2.5 g. of tetramethylammonium chloride are slowly warmed to 150 C. internal temperature over the course of 4 hours, whilst stirring. At this temperature, the mixture is allowed to react for a further 3 hours, 350 ml. of toluene are subsequently added and 176 g. of 50% strength aqueous sodium hydroxide solution are then added dropwise over the course of minutes at 60 C. internal temperature (bath temperature C.) under azeotropic circulatory distillation and a vacuum of 100- 1 50 mm. Hg. 5 minutes after completion of the dropwise addition, 200 ml. of epichlorohydrin are introduced, the process is allowed to continue for a further 20 minutes, 100 ml. of epichlorohydrin are again added and the cloudy reaction mixture is subsequently filtered to remove the sodiufn' chloride. The cloudy filtrate is diluted with 500 ml. of chloroform and extracted by shaking with 100 ml. of 10% strength aqueous NaH PO solution in a separating funnel. The 2 phases are separated and the organic phase is washed 3 times with 100 ml. of water at a time. After separating off the aqueous phase, the organic phase is, concentrated on a rotary evaporator under a water pump vacuum. To remove solvent remnants, the product is dried for 30 minutes at C. and 10- mm. Hg. 386 g. of a clear, brown, brittle resin with an epoxide contentof 1.22 epoxide equivalents/kg. are obtained. The softening point (according to Kofler) is 102 C.

' The molecular weight determination after separation by gel chromatography gives the following values:

42 percent by weight of the product display a value of n 6 and 19 percent by weight of the product display a value of n 12.

Example 5 controlled to 142 C. internal temperature by cooling with'ic'e'water. Reaction is allowed to continue for a further 30 minutes at 90-130 C., 300 ml. of toluene are then added and 117.6 g. of 50% strength aqueous. sodium hydroxide solution are added dropwise to the clear solution whilst carrying out an azeotropic circulatory distillation in a vacuum of 100-150 mm. Hg at 60 C. After 2 hours of the dropwise addition, the reaction mixture becomes viscous and 83.3 g. of epichlorohydrin are added. The mixture can now again be stirred easily and after 137 minutes the dropwise addition of the so-- dium hydroxide solution is complete. Thereafter the reaction is allowed to continue for a further 30 minutes, 200 ml. of epichlorohydrin are added and the mixture is filtered. The cloudy filtrate is diluted with 200 ml. of chloroform and worked up analogously to Example 4.

193 g. of a clear, yellowish somewhat sticky resin are obtained, having an epoxide content of 3.54 epoxide equivalents/kg. The resin contains 0.13% of chlorine.

Separation of the product by gel chromatography gave the following values: ill -92, fi -956. 1

15 percent by weight of the product show n 6 and 2.3 percent by weight of the product show ni 12.

USE EXAMPLES Example I Heat distortion point (DIN 1 53,461) C 118 120 Water absorption (4 days/20 C.) ...percent 0.47 Impact strength (VSM 2 77,105 cmkp./cm. 12-13 Flexural strength (VSM 77,103) kp./mm. 12-13 1 DlNzDeutsche Industrie-Norm. VSM=Verein Schweizerlscher Maschtnenindustrleller.

Example II 100 parts of the epoxide resin manufactured according to Example 1, having an epoxide content of 4.39 equi-valents/kg, are well mixed with 65 parts of hexahydrophthalic anhydride at 100 C. The mixture is cured in an aluminium mould for 4 hours at 100 C. and 14 hours at 140 C. The resulting moulding has the following properties.

Flexural strength (VSM 77,103) kp./mm. 15.5 Deflection (VSM 77,103) mm.. 5.5 Impact strength (VSM 77,105) cmkp./cm. 15.5 Heat distortion point, according to Martens (DIN 53,458) .C 126 Hot water absorption, 1 hour at 100 C. "percent-.. 1.3

Example HI 100 parts of the epoxide resin manufactured according to Example 2, with an epoxide content of 5.0 equivalents/ kg, are well mixed with 75 parts of hexahydrophthalic anhydride at 100C. This mixture is cured in an aluminium mould for 4 hours at 100 C. and 16 hours at 140 C. A moulding having the following properties is obtained.

Flexural strength (VSM 77,103) kp./mm. 14 Deflection (VSM 77,103) mm- 4-5 Impact strength (VSM 77,105) cmkp./cm. 13-14 Heat distortion point, according to Martens (DIN 53,458) C-.. 113 Hot water absorption, 1 hour at 100 C. percent 1.3

Example IV 100 parts of the epoxide resin manufactured according to Example 2, with an epoxide content of 5 .0 equivalents/ kg., are mixed with 75 parts of hexahydrophthalic an-. hydride at 120 C. 100 parts of this curable epoxide resin mixture are poured into a cylindrical aluminium mould (diameter:'3 cm., height: 13 cm., wall thickness: 0.1 mm.) and are gelled for one hour at 120 C. A temperature maximum of 240 C. is measured in the center of the casting composition. I

The above-mentioned curable epoxide resin mixture is poured into cylindrical aluminium moulds of 10 cm. diameter and 1 cm. height and cured for 24 hours at 120 C. The total. volume shrinkage of the cured mouldings is 1.8%.

-- Comparison example parts of 1,3-diglycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin with an epoxide content of 8.0 equivalents/ kg. are mixed with parts of hexahydrophthalic anhydride at 120 C. 100 parts of this curable epoxide resin mixture are poured into acylindrical aluminium mould (diameter: 3 cm., height: 13 om., wall thickness: 0.1 mm.) and gelled for one hour at 120 C. A temperature maximum of 300 C. is measured in the center of the casting composition.

The above-mentioned curable epoxide resin mixture is poured into cylindrical aluminium moulds of 10 cm. diameter and l cm. height and cured for 24 hours at 120 C. The total'volume shrinkage of the cured mouldings is 3.9%.

' As can be seen from the comparison experiment, the temperature maximum which occurs when gelling the curable expoxide resin mixture according to the invention is 60 C. lower than when using 1,3-diglycidyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and the volume shrinkage found on the curgd mouldings is comparatively reduced by more than hal What is claimed is:

1. Epoxide resin mixture consisting of heterocyclic N,N'-diglycidyl compounds of the formula wherein Z denotes a methylene group, an ethylene group, or a group denoted by one of the formulas:

CH3 CH; I H30 H50: H

Dr D H i @-i- Ha H10 1 1 H3O on,

o n cm i on m b-, oa) I I or Ha I wherein m=4 or 5, and n denotes numbers from 0 to about 12, with the proportion of the compound with n=0 in the epoxide resin mixture being less than 50 mol percent.

2. Epoxide resin mixture .accordingto claim 1, wherein in the formula n denotes numbers from 0 to 7.

3. Epoxide resin mixture according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of compounds with n=0 is less than 30 mol percent. a

5. Epoxide resin mixture according to claim 1, wherein in the formula Z denotes the group HaC 10 6. A curable mixture consisting essentially of (a) epoxide resin mixture of heterocyclic N,N'-dig1ycidy1 compounds according to claim 1 and (b) an epoxide resin curing agent.

7. Curable mixture according to claim 6, containing a polycarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid anhydride as the curing agent (b).

8. Curable mixture according to claim 7, containing hexahydrophthalic anhydride as the polycarboxylic acid anhydride.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,449,353 6/1969 Porret et a1 260309.5 3,562,275 2/1971 Habermeier et a1. 260260 WILLIAM H. SHORT, Primary Examiner E. A. NIELSEN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

2602 EC, 2 EA, 78.4 EP, 830 TW