US3807803A - Cutter chain having bits sets cutting different advance levels - Google Patents
Cutter chain having bits sets cutting different advance levels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3807803A US3807803A US00343926A US34392673A US3807803A US 3807803 A US3807803 A US 3807803A US 00343926 A US00343926 A US 00343926A US 34392673 A US34392673 A US 34392673A US 3807803 A US3807803 A US 3807803A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bits
- chain
- links
- cutter
- kerf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
- E21C25/22—Machines slitting solely by one or more cutter chains moving unidirectionally along jibs
- E21C25/28—Chains or chain guides
- E21C25/34—Chains
Definitions
- Cutter bar chains presently in use are operative in making a penetrating cut (deep kerf) in a mineral face by initially sumping the cutting chain directly into the face and then moving the cutting chain transversely of the sump cut either horizontally or vertically within the mineral face, hereinafter referred to as shearing.
- shearing In sumping, only the cutter bits traveling over the forward end of the cutter bar penetratethe working face of the mineral vein, while in shearing essentially all the cutter bits traveling along one complete side of the cutter bar act upon the working face of the mineral vein.
- shearing essentially all the cutter bits traveling along one complete side of the cutter bar act upon the working face of the mineral vein.
- the operator of a coal cutting machine which supports and drives a cutter chain can control the force with which the cutter bar assembly is thrust against a mineral face.
- the rate at which a cutter bar assembly can be physically urged 'into a mineral vein may be determined by the capability of the cutter bits to penetrate mineral.
- the capability of bits to penetrate the mineral is in turn determined by the penetrating force available per bit out of the total number of bits simultaneously engaged in cutting a kerf in a mineral vein. Obviously the force per bit must be sufficient to penetrate and dislodge the mineral being cut.
- the penetrating rate for sumping of prior cutter bars is limited by the pitch between the bits which is determined by the shear requirements only and operators are limited in their penetrating rate of sump because of the bits spaced per shear requirements. Because of the greater force per bit available during sump, in prior devices operators quite often sumped the cutter chains at a penetrating rate greater than normal i.e. faster than the bit spacing would effectively produce without interference cutting, thereby causing non-cutting portions of the chain (blocks and links) to engage the solid mineral and cause chain damage.
- a novel cutter chain configuration having one set of primary cutter bits, in a conventional bit pattern suitable for a cutter bar, positioned in bit blocks located on primary links along the chain at a primary level of advance in a manner to engage the mineral working face during both sumping and shearing operations and a second set of cutter bits, in a like conventional cutter bar bit pattern, positioned on cutter blocks located on secondary links positioned intermediate respective primary cutterbits along the chain at a secondary level of advance in a manner to engage the mineral working face as secondary bits to assist the primary bits only during the high rate of penetration achieved during sumping operation.
- FIG. I is an end view of a portion of the novel cutter chain of this invention showing the bit positions of one complete bit pattern in a particular embodiment of the chain of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a section of the novel chain of FIG. 1 showing the relative positioning of two primary and two secondary links and respective cutter bits;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a secondary link taken substantially on line 33 of FIG. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;
- FIG. 4 is an end elevational view of one of the primary links of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the link shown in FIG. 4; 7
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a portion of a mineral vein with a kerf produced therein according to the action of a device of a prior art coal cutting machine.
- FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view of a portion of a mineral vein having a kerf produced therein by the device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of a-single cutter chain generally indicated at 10 with a plurality of primary or block links 12 and in intermediate positions connecting or secondary links 14 respectively carrying primary bit blocks 16 with primary bits P such as 18 and 19 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 4) and secondary bit blocks 20 carrying secondary cutter bits S such as 21 and 22 as seen in FIGS. 2 and 3,
- the primary bit blocks 16 provided with a set of primary bits P in a conventional double arcuate bit pattern 17, are spaced from each other by what would normally in the prior art have been a full chain pitch with a connecting link 14 connected between each pair of the primary.links 12 by means of pintles such as 24 in the standard method of providing a cutter chain.
- the connecting or secondary links 14 of the single end type (best seen in FIG. 3 and at the right hand end of FIG. 2 where the single end portion 15 positionable between the saddle end portions 13 of the primary links 12 may be seen) carry the set of secondary bits S such as 21 and 22 in the bit blocks in place of the ordinary non-cutting connector links of prior art chains.
- chain 10 provides successive bits at half the standard pitch or bit spacing of prior art chains of the same pitch length.
- the set of secondary bits S such as 21 and 22 are arranged in a conventional double arcuate cutter bar bit pattern 23 best seen in FIG. 1 at a secondary level of advance below the level of the double arcuate bit pattern 17 of the primary bits P by an amount sufficient so that during a shearing operation only the primary bits P, such as 18 and 19, engage the working face of the mineral vein.
- the secondary bits S, such as 21 and 22 will assist the primary bits in cutting kerf when arranged in the proper patterns.
- the optimum penetrating rate of the cutter .bar is increased substantially over the optimum rate of prior art chains. It is to be noted that the optimum sumping rate of this description will be taken to mean the greatest penetration rate which will notcause contact of the bit block or other chain parts with solid mineral in the vein or in other words the optimum rate of penetration is limited to an advance equal to the length of bit extension before pattern repeat.
- the penetration rate in shearing As a cutter is commonly used, the penetration rate in shearing, that is cutting with the full length of the side of the bar (hereinafter the shearing rate) has in the past been limited to a maximum of 4 to 6 feet per minute with the prior art bit pattern as above described, namely, 7 inches pitch and 9 pitch repeat pattern.
- the shearing rate At the higher penetration rate of 6 feet per minute with a chain speed of 700 feet per minute we would again find 1/20 of a second for a chain travel of one pitch or 9/20 of a second per pattern and at a shearing rate of 6 feet per minute penetration would equal approximately 9/16 inch penetration per pattern. Since this penetration is far below the optimum of 1% inches per pattern as described earlier, the limitations on a penetration rate in shear must be due to an entirely different set of factors from those found for the optimum sumping rate.
- the total force available for advancing the bar in shear is limited by the amount of side thrust available, from the machine on which the bar is mounted, before the machine will overturn or skew in the cut. It should also be noted that the total amount of force will be. divided between the number of bits in contact with the elongated kerf being developed in a shear cut. For an I 1 foot bar at a pitch of 7 inches there would be approximately 19 bits engaged at any one time in a shear cut.
- the total force from the machine would be divided by 19 in arriving at a total penetrating force per bit and a greater number of bits i.e., a shorter pitch chain or the double number of bits of this invention would only decrease the penetration force per bit with an increase in production of fines and probably with an inferior cutting rate if all bits were in fact cutting.
- the secondary bits being at lower level of advance as hereinafter set forth do not significantly engage the unmined mineral during shear cutting. Therefore this invention provides the double number of bits for sumping while not increasing the number of bits actively engaged in the shear cut.
- the conveying lug 26 as actually used is a transversely extending slightly tapered sweeping member extending outwardly from the side of each primary link on the side thereof opposite the side on which the respective primary bit block 16 is mounted and extending outwardly a major portion of the distance defined by the most outward extending cutter bit as 'best seen in FIG. 1.
- a chain such as that illustrated, producing a 7 inches kerf has been found to operate very satisfactorily with lugs extending out to a position 2% inches from the centerline of the chain to produce a sweep area 5 /2 inches broad within the 7 inches kerf.
- the height of the lug as shown in the typical example of FIGS. 1 and 4 is approximately 1 /2 inches below bit height to allow for the rate of advance being limited only by the bit extension rather than by possible interference with the lugs 26.
- the lugs 26 have been shown on one side only of each primary link 12 there is no basic reason why these lugs could not be used on both sides of the link with simply a cutout area being provided for the bit blocks 16 on the opposite side of the primary links 12 and there is further no basic reason why these lugs or others like them could not be used on either or both sides of the secondary links 12 and such variations are within the scope of the instant invention.
- the broken line representation of the lug 26 on the righthand side of the chain as viewed in FIG. 1 is a representation of the normal position of the lugs 26 on the primary links supporting the leftward slanting and extending primary bits as seen in FIG. 1.
- the chain of this invention has two advantages over prior art chains in the act of shear cut, namely, that the secondary bits not being in position to contact the solid minerals do not reduce the penetrating force per bit but because of their positions and that of the bit blocks 20 supporting them they provide a very good apparatus for conveying out the broken pieces of mineral after the primary bits have loosened it from the mineral vein.
- the conveying lugs 26 being on the sides opposite the bit blocks are in perfect position for clearing the kerf, particularly of fines which might otherwise block the advance of the bar.
- the operation of the chain of this invention is to be appreciated as-the method of cutting into a coal vein comprising the cutting of a single kerf portion by the end of a cutter bar being sumped into the vein at a rate of advance employing both the primary and the secondary bits to generate arcuate kerf surface portions.
- the sumping action to be followed by shearing action, sidewise relative to said kerf portions, at a rate slow enough to employ only the primary bits in arcuate kerf surface formation.
- the coal cuttings would be conveyed out of the kerf rapidly enough to avoid cuttings build-up and interference with bar shearing action.
- bit patterns and distribution may be utilized with both primary and secondary bits wherein the secondary bits are utilized -in sump only.
- An alternate example can be that of having more secondary bits (such as 2) located between adjacent primary bits to further increase the sumping speed.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate one of the great advantages of the cutter chain of this invention resident in the presence of both the cutter blocks on the secondary links and particularly of the lugs 26v on the primary links.
- the chain 10 of the present invention having been used to form a kerf 40, seen in FIG. 7 extending inwardly into a vein 42 from an open face 46 shows a deposit of dust and fines indicated at 44 as being approximately 10 to 15 percent of the height of the kerf even at the back of the place rather than the 40 percent to 100 percent filling of the prior art as seen in FIG. 6.
- the present invention can be characterized as a method of mechanically cutting a kerf in a solid vein to provide an open space for explosive breakage to take place which method leaves no more than filling of the kerf with dust or fines after the kerf has been cut by the chain 10 of the present invention.
- An endless cutter bar chain utilized on a cutter bar assembly for cutting a deep kerf in a mineral vein comprising: a plurality of connected links; a first set of bits in a cutter bar bit pattern mounted on certain of said links; a second set of cutter bits in a cutter bar bit pattern mounted on other of said links with each of said other of said links being interspersed between said certain links; said first set of bits being located to generate an arcuate kerf surface portion at a first level of advance and said second set of bits being located to generate a second arcuate kerf surface portion at a second level of advance substantially below said first level of advance only when said chain is operating on such a cutter bar which is being sumped into such a mineral vein at optimum rate; and said first and second sets of bits are respectively located in a manner that only said first set of cutter bits will generate a kerf surface portion when said chain is operating on such a cutter bar which is being sheared through such a mineral vein.
- An endless cutter bar chain utilized on a cutter bar assembly for cutting a deep kerf in a mineral vein comprising: a plurality of spaced block links; at least one connecting link disposed intermediate each adjacent pair of block links; a first set of bits in a first bit pattern mounted on said block links; a second set of bits in a second bit pattern mounted on said connecting links; and one of said bit patterns being located to cut a kerf portion below the kerf portion cut by the other of said bit patterns.
- a cutter chain as specified in claim 3 additionally comprising a material conveying means on certain of said links.
- a cutter chain as specified in claim 3 additionally comprising a kerf sweeping means on certain of said links for continuously clearing broken mineral out of a kerf formed by said chain during mineral cutting operation thereof.
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00343926A US3807803A (en) | 1971-06-29 | 1973-03-22 | Cutter chain having bits sets cutting different advance levels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15803771A | 1971-06-29 | 1971-06-29 | |
US00343926A US3807803A (en) | 1971-06-29 | 1973-03-22 | Cutter chain having bits sets cutting different advance levels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3807803A true US3807803A (en) | 1974-04-30 |
Family
ID=26854690
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00343926A Expired - Lifetime US3807803A (en) | 1971-06-29 | 1973-03-22 | Cutter chain having bits sets cutting different advance levels |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3807803A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6421938B1 (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 2002-07-23 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Endless chain type cutter |
US9828742B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-11-28 | Leroy G. Hagenbuch | Cutter assembly with freewheeling cutting elements |
US10352163B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2019-07-16 | Leroy G. Hagenbuch | Cutter assembly with freewheeling cutting elements |
US11565827B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2023-01-31 | Goodrich Lighting Systems Gmbh | Rotorcraft lighting equipment, rotorcraft comprising such equipment, and method of illuminating an environment of a rotorcraft |
US20230167612A1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2023-06-01 | Matisa Materiel Industriel S.A. | Articulated assembly of two links, and associated removal chain |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2125296A (en) * | 1934-06-21 | 1938-08-02 | Sullivan Machinery Co | Cutter chain |
US3307875A (en) * | 1964-05-22 | 1967-03-07 | Joy Mfg Co | Primary and secondary cutter bit arrangement and method of operation |
-
1973
- 1973-03-22 US US00343926A patent/US3807803A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2125296A (en) * | 1934-06-21 | 1938-08-02 | Sullivan Machinery Co | Cutter chain |
US3307875A (en) * | 1964-05-22 | 1967-03-07 | Joy Mfg Co | Primary and secondary cutter bit arrangement and method of operation |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6421938B1 (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 2002-07-23 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Endless chain type cutter |
US9828742B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2017-11-28 | Leroy G. Hagenbuch | Cutter assembly with freewheeling cutting elements |
US10352163B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2019-07-16 | Leroy G. Hagenbuch | Cutter assembly with freewheeling cutting elements |
US20230167612A1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2023-06-01 | Matisa Materiel Industriel S.A. | Articulated assembly of two links, and associated removal chain |
US11565827B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2023-01-31 | Goodrich Lighting Systems Gmbh | Rotorcraft lighting equipment, rotorcraft comprising such equipment, and method of illuminating an environment of a rotorcraft |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2754101A (en) | Machine and method for mining underground deposits | |
CA1080757A (en) | Automatic face transfer linear cutting rotary head continuous mining machine | |
US3807803A (en) | Cutter chain having bits sets cutting different advance levels | |
US2550202A (en) | Rock cutting apparatus | |
US3752534A (en) | Coal cutting using more teeth for sumping than shearing | |
US3301599A (en) | Method of continuous open-pit mining and apparatus therefor | |
US2730344A (en) | Coal mining machine with rotary cutting and dislodging drum | |
US3307875A (en) | Primary and secondary cutter bit arrangement and method of operation | |
US4244625A (en) | Apparatus for cutting hard earth formations | |
US4025116A (en) | Method of operating a constant depth linear cutting head on a retrofitted continuous mining machine | |
US2730346A (en) | Reversible loop cutter type longwall miner | |
GB1144359A (en) | Tunnelling machine | |
US2832579A (en) | Mining machine bit tip patterns | |
US2668039A (en) | Combined cutting and loading machine | |
US2829876A (en) | Cusp breaker means for boring type mining machine | |
US2750175A (en) | Boring type continuous mining machine | |
US2823908A (en) | Mining planer having traction element behind the conveyor | |
US4391470A (en) | Method of, and apparatus for, winning mineral material | |
US3086761A (en) | Boring type continuous miner having cusp breaking means | |
US2768820A (en) | Dislodging and disintegrating mechanism for mining apparatus | |
US3294450A (en) | Boring type continuous miner having three boring heads and method of mining | |
CN107091088B (en) | A kind of brill plane formula coalcutter planer head | |
US4375904A (en) | Longwall mineral winning machine with adjustable cutting jet | |
US3612610A (en) | Continuous miner having oscillating rotary cutter means with spirally arranged cutters | |
US4278293A (en) | Apparatus for advancing a low-height drift through a subterranean structure |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., 301 GRANT STREET, PITTSBURG Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004880/0430 Effective date: 19870529 Owner name: JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., A CORP. OF DE.,PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004880/0430 Effective date: 19870529 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., 301 GRANT STREET, PITTSBURG Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004747/0261 Effective date: 19870626 Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A., 641 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., 301 GRANT STREET, PITTSBURGH, PA 15219, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004846/0025 Effective date: 19870626 Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A.,NEW YORK Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., 301 GRANT STREET, PITTSBURGH, PA 15219, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004846/0025 Effective date: 19870626 Owner name: JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004747/0261 Effective date: 19870626 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. EFFECTIVE DATE;ASSIGNOR:JOY TECHNOLOGIES INCL., (A DE CORP.);REEL/FRAME:004827/0367 Effective date: 19870626 Owner name: JOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY,STATELESS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOY TECHNOLOGIES INCL., (A DE CORP.);REEL/FRAME:004827/0367 Effective date: 19870626 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A., 641 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC.,;REEL/FRAME:004936/0730 Effective date: 19870626 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., A CORP OF DE, PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNORS:MC CARTNEY, DEREK L.;ARCHIBALD, JOHN H.;REEL/FRAME:005237/0152 Effective date: 19870626 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JOY TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A CORP OF DE Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK N.A.;REEL/FRAME:005237/0187 Effective date: 19891011 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK, THE, CONNECTICUT Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JOY TECHNOLOGIES INC., A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005173/0843 Effective date: 19891012 |