US3801433A - Method of controlling pitch in paper using amine coated clays - Google Patents

Method of controlling pitch in paper using amine coated clays Download PDF

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US3801433A
US3801433A US00188469A US3801433DA US3801433A US 3801433 A US3801433 A US 3801433A US 00188469 A US00188469 A US 00188469A US 3801433D A US3801433D A US 3801433DA US 3801433 A US3801433 A US 3801433A
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pulp
clay pigment
paper
clay
coated
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US00188469A
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W Windle
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Imerys Minerals Ltd
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English Clays Lovering Pochin Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
    • C09C1/42—Clays
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/69—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments modified, e.g. by association with other compositions prior to incorporation in the pulp or paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/02—Agents for preventing deposition on the paper mill equipment, e.g. pitch or slime control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
    • Y10S162/04—Pitch control

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of paper, and more particularly is concerned with a method of controlling the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of paper.
  • Pitch is the material which can be extracted from wood and mechanical or chemical pulps by means of organic solvents. This material comprises predominantly fatty acids, fatty esters, resin acids and unsaponifiable material such as sterols, waxes and higher alcohols. Both hardwoods and softwoods contain fatty acids, fatty acid esters and unsaponifiable materials, but only softwoods contain significant amounts of resin acids. This latter material occurs in wood mainlyin the ray cells and resin canals or ducts. Softwoods or gymnosperms such as pine or spruce therefore cause more serious pitch problems than hardwoods such as birch, maple, oak and poplar.
  • Pitch may coagulate on almost any piece of pulp and paper equipment, for example wires, felts, press rolls, drier rolls, and the deposits thus J formed result in paper with dark spots, holes or uneven thickness and can retard production rates and even cause tears in the paper.
  • the two most important processes for preparing chemical pulps are the sulphite process in which groundwood is cooked in an acid solution of calcium bisulphite saturated with sulphur dioxide, and the sulphate or Kraft process in which the cooking is performed in an alkaline solution comprising caustic soda, sodium sulphide and sodium hydrosulphide.
  • pulp is prepared by the sulphate process the pitch problem is much less serious as the cooking solution is alkaline and most of the pitch forming material is removed by saponification.
  • a'method of manufacturing paper the step of reducing the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of the paper by incorporating into the pulp from which paper is to be made a quantity of a clay pigment which has been coated with an organic material which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment oleophilic.
  • the strongly adherentorganic material used.-to coat the clay pigment and thereby to render the surface of said pigment oleophilic comprises (a) organic amines containing from 6 to 25 carbon atoms, or water-soluble salts thereof, e.g. their acetates, hydrochlorides or alkyl carbamates, or their reaction. products with alkylene oxides, e.g. propylene oxide or butylene oxide; and (b) alkyl pyridinium salts and quaternary ammonium salts.
  • Organic materials of the above types which can be used to coat a clay pigment in accordance with the present invention include octadecylamine and its acetate; hexadecylamine; amines and amine acetates derived from tallow and hydrogenated tallow; alkyl propylene diamines and diamine diacetates where the alkyl group is derived from tallow; and stearoxymethyl pyridinium chloride.
  • the organic material which can be a single compound or a mixture of such compounds, can be applied to the clay pigment at a dose rate in the range of from 0.5 percent to 5 percent by weight of dry clay pigment.
  • a method of preparing a coated clay pigment for use in the present invention comprises spraying a jet of the coating compound or compounds which has or have been made liquid into a heated impact mill in which the clay pigment to be coated is being ground.
  • the pigment being ground contains not more than 10 percent by .weight of water.
  • the coated clay pigment which has been ground will, on leaving the impact mill, generally contain not more than 1 percent by weight of water.
  • the coated clay pigment is preferably added to the pulp in a substantially dry condition, i.e. containing not more than about 1 percent by weight of water. It is also advantageous to add the coated clay pigment to the pulp at the earliest possible stage in the stock preparation process, i.e. at the first beating or refining stage. This allows the mechanical action of the beater or refiner to aid in the dispersion of the pigment evenly throughout the pulp fibres while simultaneously fibrillating the fibres.
  • the coated clay pigment will generally be added to the wood pulp at a dose rate of not more than 7.5 percent by weight based on the weight of bone dry wood pulp.
  • the preferred dose rate is from 0.8 percent to 2.5 percent by weight of the bone dry wood pulp. Excess coated clay tends to render the wood pulp hydrophobic.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A preliminary test was performed on a number of wood pulps in order to find two which gave a high pitch deposit when used under standard conditions in a PFl-mill, i.e. a high-speed laboratory disintegrator mill having a slotted disc-shaped rotor surrounded by with octadecylarrgrg in accordancewith thgir ygntion,
  • the untreated clay contained 84 percent by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns and 0.06% by weight of particles larger than microns. while the treated clay .contained 47.5% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns and 29.4% by weight of particles equal to or largerthan 4 microns.
  • the wood pulp was passed through a standard bronze PF I-mill under' the following operating conditions:
  • Pulp consistency (calculated as bone dry): Pulp consistency:
  • Relative speed between roll and housing Distance between roll and housing: Number of revolutions:
  • the step of reducing the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of the paper by incorporating into the pulp from which paper is to be made a quantity of a clay pigment which has been coated with 0.5 to 5 percent based on t ei ht 9 aid.
  • Paper including a filler which comprises a clay pigment which has been coated with 0.5 to 5 percent based on the weight of said clay pigment of an organic material which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment oleophilic, the amount of said clay pigment being not more than 7.5 percent by weight of the bone dry pulp and used to make said paper, said organic material being selected from the group consisting of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, water-soluble salts of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, reaction products of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide, alkyl pyridinium salts and quaternary ammonium salts.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Abstract

In the manufacture of paper, the deposition of pitch is reduced by adding to the pulp from which paper is to be made a quantity of a clay pigment which has been coated with an organic material which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment oleophilic.

Description

United States Patent 1 Windle [4 1 Apr. 2, 1974 METHOD OF CONTROLLING PITCH 1N PAPER USING AMINE COATED CLAYS [75] Inventor: William Windle, St. Austell,
England [73] Assignee: English Clays Lovering Pochin and Company Limited, St. Austell, Cornwall, England [22] Filed: Oct. 12, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 188,469
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Oct. 14, 1970 Great Britain r. 48909/70 [52] US. Cl. 162/181 D, 106/308 N, 162/10, 162/D1G. '4
[51] Int. Cl D2lh 3/78 [58] Field of Search 162/10, 181 D, DIG. 4, 162/166, 181 A, 179; 106/308 F, 308 N, 308
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,682,696 8/1972 Yasuda 162/181 D OTHER PUBLICATIONS Casey, James P.; Pulp and Paper, Vol. 11, Second Edition, Interscience Publishers Inc., New York, p. 1091, 1096 TS1105 C29.
Rydholm, Sven A., Pulping Process, Interscience Publishers Inc., 1965, NY. p. 1045 TS 1175 R9.
Primary Examiner-S. Leon Bashore Assistant Examiner-William F. Smith Attorney, Agent, or FirmArmstrong & Wegner [57] ABSTRACT 7 Claims, No Drawings METHOD OF CONTROLLING PITCH IN PAPER USING AMINE COATED CLAYS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the manufacture of paper, and more particularly is concerned with a method of controlling the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of paper.
Pitch is the material which can be extracted from wood and mechanical or chemical pulps by means of organic solvents. This material comprises predominantly fatty acids, fatty esters, resin acids and unsaponifiable material such as sterols, waxes and higher alcohols. Both hardwoods and softwoods contain fatty acids, fatty acid esters and unsaponifiable materials, but only softwoods contain significant amounts of resin acids. This latter material occurs in wood mainlyin the ray cells and resin canals or ducts. Softwoods or gymnosperms such as pine or spruce therefore cause more serious pitch problems than hardwoods such as birch, maple, oak and poplar. Pitch may coagulate on almost any piece of pulp and paper equipment, for example wires, felts, press rolls, drier rolls, and the deposits thus J formed result in paper with dark spots, holes or uneven thickness and can retard production rates and even cause tears in the paper. The two most important processes for preparing chemical pulps are the sulphite process in which groundwood is cooked in an acid solution of calcium bisulphite saturated with sulphur dioxide, and the sulphate or Kraft process in which the cooking is performed in an alkaline solution comprising caustic soda, sodium sulphide and sodium hydrosulphide. When pulp is prepared by the sulphate process the pitch problem is much less serious as the cooking solution is alkaline and most of the pitch forming material is removed by saponification.
Hitherto, attempts to reduce the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of paper have involved the addition of certain pitch control agents, such as special grades of talc, asbestos anddiatomaceous earth, to the wood pulp. This has necessitated an additional component being added to the wood pulp.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing paper in which there is employed a combined filler-pitch control agent which is both cheap and efficient and which obviates the incorporation of a further pitch control agent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided in a'method of manufacturing paper, the step of reducing the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of the paper by incorporating into the pulp from which paper is to be made a quantity of a clay pigment which has been coated with an organic material which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment oleophilic. I
Advantageously, the strongly adherentorganic material used.-to coat the clay pigment and thereby to render the surface of said pigment oleophilic comprises (a) organic amines containing from 6 to 25 carbon atoms, or water-soluble salts thereof, e.g. their acetates, hydrochlorides or alkyl carbamates, or their reaction. products with alkylene oxides, e.g. propylene oxide or butylene oxide; and (b) alkyl pyridinium salts and quaternary ammonium salts. Organic materials of the above types which can be used to coat a clay pigment in accordance with the present invention include octadecylamine and its acetate; hexadecylamine; amines and amine acetates derived from tallow and hydrogenated tallow; alkyl propylene diamines and diamine diacetates where the alkyl group is derived from tallow; and stearoxymethyl pyridinium chloride.
Generally, the organic material, which can be a single compound or a mixture of such compounds, can be applied to the clay pigment at a dose rate in the range of from 0.5 percent to 5 percent by weight of dry clay pigment.
A method of preparing a coated clay pigment for use in the present invention comprises spraying a jet of the coating compound or compounds which has or have been made liquid into a heated impact mill in which the clay pigment to be coated is being ground.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferably, in a method of preparing a coated pigment in accordance with the present invention, the pigment being ground contains not more than 10 percent by .weight of water. The coated clay pigment which has been ground will, on leaving the impact mill, generally contain not more than 1 percent by weight of water.
The coated clay pigment is preferably added to the pulp in a substantially dry condition, i.e. containing not more than about 1 percent by weight of water. It is also advantageous to add the coated clay pigment to the pulp at the earliest possible stage in the stock preparation process, i.e. at the first beating or refining stage. This allows the mechanical action of the beater or refiner to aid in the dispersion of the pigment evenly throughout the pulp fibres while simultaneously fibrillating the fibres.
The coated clay pigment will generally be added to the wood pulp at a dose rate of not more than 7.5 percent by weight based on the weight of bone dry wood pulp. The preferred dose rate is from 0.8 percent to 2.5 percent by weight of the bone dry wood pulp. Excess coated clay tends to render the wood pulp hydrophobic.
It has been'found advantageous, for metering purposes, to use a coating compound or coating compounds which, when made liquid, is or are slightly electrically conducting. This can be achieved, for example, by using a mixture of an amine and its acetate in. a ratio by weight of 2 to l.
The invention will be illustrated in the following Example.
EXAMPLE A preliminary test was performed on a number of wood pulps in order to find two which gave a high pitch deposit when used under standard conditions in a PFl-mill, i.e. a high-speed laboratory disintegrator mill having a slotted disc-shaped rotor surrounded by with octadecylarrgrg in accordancewith thgir ygntion,
The untreated clay contained 84 percent by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns and 0.06% by weight of particles larger than microns. while the treated clay .contained 47.5% by weight of particles smaller than 2 microns and 29.4% by weight of particles equal to or largerthan 4 microns. The wood pulp was passed through a standard bronze PF I-mill under' the following operating conditions:
1.8 Kgf/cm bar length 6 m/s Pulp quantity (calculated as bone dry): Pulp consistency:
Load:
Relative speed between roll and housing: Distance between roll and housing: Number of revolutions:
TABLE I.TESTS WITH BLEACHED SPRUCE SULPHITE PULP Quantity of pitch Material tested (average of 2 runs) Pulp alone 35 mg Pulp+ 2% untreated clay mg Pulp+ 5% untreated clay 13 mg Pulp+ 2% treated clay 8 mg Pulp+5% treated clay 3 mg TABLE ll.TESTS WITH UNBLEACHED SPRUCE SULPHITE PULP Quantity of pitch Material tested (average of 2 runs) Pulp alone 30 mg Pulp & 2% untreated clay 18 mg Pulp & 5% untreated clay 15 mg. Pulp & 2% treated clay 9 mg Pulp & 5% treated clay The clay pigment used in the foregoing Example was.
kaolinitic clay.
I claim:
1. In a method of manufacturing paper, the step of reducing the deposition of pitch during the manufacture of the paper by incorporating into the pulp from which paper is to be made a quantity of a clay pigment which has been coated with 0.5 to 5 percent based on t ei ht 9 aid. 9 2x ism rttqfaapizan s ma e i which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment olephilic, the amount of said clay pigment being not more than 7.5 percent by weight of the bone dry pulp, said organic material being selected from the group consisting of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, water-soluble salts of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, reaction products of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide, alkyl pyridinium salts and quaternary ammonium salts.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coated clay pigment is added to the pulp in a substantially dry condition.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coated clay pigment is added to the pulp at the first beating or refining stage.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp is formed predominantly from gymnosperms.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp is obtained by the sulphite process.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coated clay pigment is added to the wood pulp at a dose rate of from 0.8 percent to 2.5 percent by weight of bone dry wood pulp.
7. Paper including a filler which comprises a clay pigment which has been coated with 0.5 to 5 percent based on the weight of said clay pigment of an organic material which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment oleophilic, the amount of said clay pigment being not more than 7.5 percent by weight of the bone dry pulp and used to make said paper, said organic material being selected from the group consisting of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, water-soluble salts of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, reaction products of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide, alkyl pyridinium salts and quaternary ammonium salts.

Claims (6)

  1. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coated clay pigment is added to the pulp in a substantially dry condition.
  2. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coated clay pigment is added to the pulp at the first beating or refining stage.
  3. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp is formed predominantly from gymnosperms.
  4. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the pulp is obtained by the sulphite process.
  5. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the coated clay pigment is added to the wood pulp at a dose rate of from 0.8 percent to 2.5 percent by weight of bone dry wood pulp.
  6. 7. Paper including a filler which comprises a clay pigment which has been coated with 0.5 to 5 percent based on the weight of said clay pigment of an organic material which adheres strongly to the clay pigment and which renders the surface of the particles of said clay pigment oleophilic, the amount of said clay pigment being not more than 7.5 percent by weight of the bone dry pulp and used to make said paper, said organic material being selected from the group consisting of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, water-soluble salts of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms, reaction products of organic amines containing from six to 25 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide, alkyl pyridinium salts and quaternary ammonium salts.
US00188469A 1970-10-14 1971-10-12 Method of controlling pitch in paper using amine coated clays Expired - Lifetime US3801433A (en)

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CA (1) CA953060A (en)
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SE (1) SE378865B (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989006294A1 (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-07-13 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method of reducing pitch in pulping and papermaking
EP0349311A2 (en) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-03 Ecc International Limited Pitch control
US4964955A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-10-23 Cyprus Mines Corporation Method of reducing pitch in pulping and papermaking operations
US5037508A (en) * 1987-10-19 1991-08-06 J. M. Huber Corporation Aluminum chlorohydrate or hydrotalcite treated kaolin clays for pitch control
GR1000332B (en) * 1988-01-07 1992-06-25 Cyprus Ind Minerals Corp Resins control systems
US5151155A (en) * 1991-05-09 1992-09-29 Rheox, Inc. Process for deinking wastepaper with organically modified smectite clay
US5221436A (en) * 1988-06-29 1993-06-22 Ecc International Limited Pitch control using clay coated with an inorganic gel
US5223473A (en) * 1990-11-21 1993-06-29 Xerox Corporation Self-cleaning carbonless paper
EP0592789A2 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-04-20 Rheox International, Inc. Process for deinking wastepaper utilizing organoclays formed in situ
EP0622490A2 (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Rheox International, Inc. Process for removing inorganic components that form ash on ignition and oily waste from paper during recycling
EP0860547A2 (en) * 1997-02-22 1998-08-26 Ecc International Limited Producing gloss papers
US20090261293A1 (en) * 2008-04-20 2009-10-22 Duck Hoon Kim Method of producing the pulp based food carton that emit FIR
CN101768894B (en) * 2008-12-30 2012-05-23 辽宁艾海滑石有限公司 Soapstone product for papermaking adhesive control agent and manufacturing method thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184912A (en) * 1976-08-09 1980-01-22 Nalco Chemical Company Pitch control method
US5176796A (en) * 1988-12-13 1993-01-05 Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. Avoiding pitch troubles using acylgerol lipase
US7303654B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2007-12-04 Akzo Nobel N.V. Cellulosic product and process for its production

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5037508A (en) * 1987-10-19 1991-08-06 J. M. Huber Corporation Aluminum chlorohydrate or hydrotalcite treated kaolin clays for pitch control
JPH03502591A (en) * 1988-01-07 1991-06-13 キプロス・インダストリアル・ミネラルズ・カンパニー Pitch reduction method in pulping and papermaking
WO1989006294A1 (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-07-13 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method of reducing pitch in pulping and papermaking
GR1000332B (en) * 1988-01-07 1992-06-25 Cyprus Ind Minerals Corp Resins control systems
AU616237B2 (en) * 1988-01-07 1991-10-24 Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Method of reducing pitch in pulping and papermaking
US5221436A (en) * 1988-06-29 1993-06-22 Ecc International Limited Pitch control using clay coated with an inorganic gel
EP0349311A3 (en) * 1988-06-29 1991-02-06 Ecc International Limited Pitch control
JPH02118196A (en) * 1988-06-29 1990-05-02 Ecc Internatl Ltd Pitch control
JP2818440B2 (en) 1988-06-29 1998-10-30 イーシーシー インターナショナル リミテッド Pitch control
EP0349311A2 (en) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-03 Ecc International Limited Pitch control
AU645410B2 (en) * 1988-06-29 1994-01-13 Ecc International Limited Pitch control
US4964955A (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-10-23 Cyprus Mines Corporation Method of reducing pitch in pulping and papermaking operations
US5223473A (en) * 1990-11-21 1993-06-29 Xerox Corporation Self-cleaning carbonless paper
US5336372A (en) * 1991-05-09 1994-08-09 Rheox, Inc. Process for deinking wastepaper utilizing organoclays formed in situ
US5151155A (en) * 1991-05-09 1992-09-29 Rheox, Inc. Process for deinking wastepaper with organically modified smectite clay
EP0592789A2 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-04-20 Rheox International, Inc. Process for deinking wastepaper utilizing organoclays formed in situ
EP0592789A3 (en) * 1992-09-14 1995-07-12 Rheox Int Process for deinking wastepaper utilizing organoclays formed in situ.
EP0622490A2 (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Rheox International, Inc. Process for removing inorganic components that form ash on ignition and oily waste from paper during recycling
EP0622490A3 (en) * 1993-04-26 1995-07-12 Rheox Int Process for removing inorganic components that form ash on ignition and oily waste from paper during recycling.
EP0860547A2 (en) * 1997-02-22 1998-08-26 Ecc International Limited Producing gloss papers
EP0860547A3 (en) * 1997-02-22 2000-02-23 Ecc International Limited Producing gloss papers
US20090261293A1 (en) * 2008-04-20 2009-10-22 Duck Hoon Kim Method of producing the pulp based food carton that emit FIR
CN101768894B (en) * 2008-12-30 2012-05-23 辽宁艾海滑石有限公司 Soapstone product for papermaking adhesive control agent and manufacturing method thereof

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NO132284B (en) 1975-07-07
FI55233C (en) 1979-06-11
NO132284C (en) 1975-10-15
FI55233B (en) 1979-02-28
SE378865B (en) 1975-09-15
GB1375161A (en) 1974-11-27
CA953060A (en) 1974-08-20

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