US3801275A

US3801275A - Printing web materials

Info

Publication number: US3801275A
Application number: US00300838A
Authority: US
Inventors: D Stankard; T Wilson
Original assignee: English Calico Ltd
Current assignee: TEXICON Ltd; English Calico Ltd
Priority date: 1971-11-05
Filing date: 1972-10-25
Publication date: 1974-04-02
Anticipated expiration: 1991-04-02
Also published as: IT973362B; JPS4853075A; DE2253270A1; GB1419942A

Abstract

The present invention relates to machines for producing pattern effects on web materials of the type which includes one or more rows of dye dispensing nozzles mounted on a reciprocable carriage and arranged to apply a stream of colour to a material web as the web passes beneath the nozzles. Machines of this general type are known as ''''polychromatic dyeing machines''''. In a polychromatic dyeing machine constructed in accordance with the present invention, the nozzle bearing carriage is arranged to be displayed by an electrically controlled means in dependence upon the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.

Description

Stankard et a1.

PRINTING WEB MATERIALS Inventors: Donald Rider Stankard, Coppicej Thomas William Wilson, Bramhall, both of England English Calico Limited, Manchester, England Filed: Oct. 25, 1972 Appl. No.: 300,838

Assignee:

. U.S. Cl. 8/149, 8/151, 68/205 R Int. Cl B05b 13/04 Field of Search 8/149, 151; 68/205 R Harris et al. 68/205 R Primary Examiner-William 1. Price Attorney, Agent, or FirmCushman, Darby &

Cushman [57] ABSTRACT The present invention relates to machines for producing pattern effects onweb materials of the type which includes one or more rows of dye dispensing nozzles mounted on a reciprocable carriage and arranged to apply a stream of colour to a material web as the web passes beneath the nozzles. Machines of this general type are known as polychromatic dyeing machines. In a polychromatic dyeing machine constructed in accordance with the present invention, the nozzle bearing carriage is arranged to be displayed by an electrically controlled means in dependence upon the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.

14 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures Apr. '2', 1974! PATENTEU APR 2 I974 SBEEIZBFZ PRINTING WEB MATERIALS The present invention relates to the production of pattern effects on web materials, such as paper, woven or knitted textile fabric, or resin bonded fibre fabric, for example.

Machines are known for this purpose which comprise one or more rows of fine nozzles to which a dye or dyes are fed. Each nozzle is arranged to apply a stream of colour to the web as the web passes beneath the nozzles. Each row of nozzles is mounted on a respective carriage which is reciprocable transversely of the web by means of a direct mechanical coupling from a geared motor connected to a crank. Machines of this general type have been given the name polychromatic dyeing machines.

Many variations in patterns may be produced by polychromatic dyeing machines of the above described known type, for example by varying the colours fed to the nozzles; by varying the speed of the web through the paths of the jets produced by the nozzles; by varying the frequency with which the carriage on which the nozzles are mounted are reciprocated; or by reciprocating two or more carriages'in, or out of, phase. However, all the patterns which can be produced by such variations are based either on continuous or discontinuous straight or substantially sinusoidal lines.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a polychromatic dyeing machine in which'a greater variety of pattern types can be obtained than in the known machines employing crank drives for the nozzle bearing carriages.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a polychromatic dyeing machine comprises a longitudinally displaceable-carriage bearing a pluralityof nozzlesfor dispensing dye, and an electrically controlled means for displacing the carriage. in dependence upon.

the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.

Preferably an electrical signal dependent upon the amplitude of the predetermined master waveform is generated for controlling the displacement of the carriage.

In one embodiment of the invention, the master waveform is arranged to actuate a photoelectric cell to provide said signal for co'ntrolling thecarriage displacement. A A

In another embodiment, the master waveform is generated purely electronically.

According to a second aspect of the invention a method of dyeing web materials comprises supplying dye to a plurality of nozzles mounted on a carriage, progressively passing a web of material to be dyed through the jets paths of said nozzles and longitudinally displacing the carriage by an electrically controlled means in dependence upon the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.

The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- I

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a polychromatic dyeing machine embodying the present invention, only those parts of the machine essential to an understand ing of the invention having been illustrated;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of one embodiment of a scanning unit forming part of the dyeing machine of FIG. 1 embodying the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of how the embodiment of FIG. 1 can be modified to include a pair of separately actuated nozzle bearing carriages.

The polychromatic dyeing machine illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 includes a carriage 10 carrying a plurality of nozzles 12 arranged above the path of a material web 14 to be dyed, the web 14 being passed over rollers (not shown) in a direction substantially normal to the plane of the drawing.

In a known manner, means (not shown) are provided for pumping dye from containers at ground level to constant head reservoirs (not shown) located above the nozzles 12 from where the dye can be selectably fed to desired nozzles 12 viaelectrically operable valves (not shown).

The carriage 10 is connected to one end of a longitudinally displaceable rack 16 adapted to be driven by 'a low inertia motor 18 via a pinion 20. The motor 18 must be capable of reversing'its direction of rotation and achieving full speed in the opposite direction in a very short period, an example of such a motor being a printed circuit, d.c. type.

The rack 16 is also connected to an assembly 22 comprising a flat plate 24 having a surface 26 coated or formed such as to be substantially non reflective to visible light. Formed on the non reflective surface 26 is a wedge-shapedportion 28 of diffusely reflective materialpAlternatively, the majority of the surface of the plate 24 canbe reflective with a non-reflective wedge shaped portion thereon. Located above the plate 24 is a scanning unit 30 which will be described in detail below and whose output is connected to one, input 32b of a differential amplifier 32. I

The machine also includes a circular turntable 34 which is rotatable about a central axis 36 by means of a variable speed motor (not shown). One surface of the turntable has a non reflective portion 38a (shaded in FIG. 1) and a diffusely reflective portion 40. Located inwardly of the reflective portion 40 is a further non reflective portion 38b of circular outline. The shape of the outer periphery of the reflective portion is chosen to define a master waveform controlling the movement of the nozzlebearing carriage 10, as will become apparent below..

Located over the, turntable is a second scanning unit 42 identical in construction to the unit 30, the output of the second scanning unit 42 being connected to asecond-input 32a of the differential amplifier 32. The output of the differential amplifier provides an error signal which controls the low inertia motor 18 via a three-term controller 44, as will be described further below.

FIG. 2 illustrates in more detail the construction of the scanning unit 42. The unit 42 comprises a light bulb or lamp filament 46 located at one end of a chamber 48 and arranged to direct a line of light 50, extending perpendicular to the drawing as viewed in FIG. 2, onto the surface of the turntable 34 so that this line of light 50 lies substantially radially relative to the turntable axis 36 and crosses the reflective portion 40. The unit 12 also includes a photocell 52 located at one end of a further chamber 54 and arranged to receive reflected rays from the reflective portion 40. A light-proof enclosure 56 ensures that the photocell 52 receives substantially no light except that which is reflected thereto from the filament 46 by the reflective portion 40. The filament 46 is supplied with electrical power via a pair of terminals 58 and the output of the photocell 52 is connected to a further pair of terminals 60.

The scanning unit 30 is identical to the unit 42 except that it directs its line of light 62 onto the plate 24 so that it extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal movement thereof.

It will be appreciated that the amount of light received by the photocell 52 in the scanning unit 30 depends upon the position of the reflective wedge portion 28 relative thereto and hence upon the position of the rack 16 and the nozzle bearing carriage 10. The output of the photocell at the terminals 60, and hence at the input 32b of the differential amplifier, is therefore indicative of the instantaneous position of the nozzle bearing carriage l0. 1 1

In a corresponding manner, the amount of light received by the photocell 52 in the scanning unit 42, and hence the magnitude of the output signal at the terminals 60, is dependent upon the radial dimension of the reflective portion .40 at any given instant, this output signal being applied to the second input 32a of the differential amplifier 44. The latter amplifier 44 provides an error signal dependent upon the difference between the signals from the photocells in the

scanning units

30, 42, the controller 44-being arranged to drive the motor 18 to displace the rack 16 in a direction to reduce the error to zero. Thus the position of the rack, and hence the position of the nozzle bearing carriage 10, is made to be dependent upon the amplitude of the master waveform 40a, defined by the outer periphery of the reflective portion 40, at the location of the line of light 50. As the turntable rotates, carrying with it the master waveform 40a, the carriage is thus caused to be dis placed in dependence upon the instantaneous amplitude of the master waveform.

In order to change the movement effected by the car riage it is merelynecessary to substitute a new master waveform. This can be done in many ways, for example, by providing the reflective and non reflective surfaces on a disc which is carried by the turntable and which is replaced to change the master waveform, or by arranging for the reflective and non reflective surfaces to be carried directly by the turntable, the turntable itself then being changed to provide the new master waveform. It-may be desirable for a given dyeing machine to have more than one nozzle bearing carriage 10 in form dependent signals from the appropriate scanning unit. The two

turntables

70, 72 are carried on a common base 74 and are driven by a common variable speed motor 76 controlled by a conventional electronic controller 77, the spindle of the turntable 70 being connected to the spindle of the turntable 72 by means of

pulleys

78, 80 and a belt 82. By varying the pulley ratio,

the

turntables

70, 72 may be driven at the same'or at different speeds.

' The abovedescribed embodiments employ electrical feedback control to make the carriage 10 follow the master waveform. However, it is also possible to employ mechanical feedback to achieve/same, although the former is preferred. One way of achieving mechanical feedback is to mount the scanning unit associated with the turntable sothat it is displaceable relative to the turntable in response to movement of the nozzle bearing carriage, for example by providing a direct mechanical linkage therebetween. The line of light from the scanning unit is directed onto the periphery of the reflective portion carried by the turntable, the electrical output of the scanning unit being dependent upon the proportion of the line of light which lies on the reflective portion of the turntable. An electronic controller is provided which is arranged to energisethe motor driving the rack such as to displace the scanning unit to equalise the proportions of reflectiveand nonreflective material falling under the line of light from the scanning unit. The nozzle bearing-carriage attached to the rack thus again follows the master waveform defined by the shape of the boundary between the reflective and non-reflective portions. I

Although the above describedarrangement using a low inertia d.c. motor to drive the rack is preferred, an alternative arrangement is to drive the rack by means of a pair of electric motors which can drive the rack in opposite directions via a pair of particle couplings, the couplings being selectabiy electrically actuated to transmit the drive from that motor which will move the rack to follow the master waveform.

In a further modification, the master waveform scanned bythe scanning unit is in the form of a tape or belt, either opened ended or closed loop, which bears reflective and non-reflective coatings, the boundary between which defines the shape of the master waveform.

Alternatively, the master waveform-may be defined purely electronically by means of a conventional electronic waveform generator. In this embodiment the waveform generator provides the signal applied to the input 32a of the differential amplifier which is compared with a signal at 32b from a scanning unit'30 monitoring the position of a wedge assembly 22 to provide an error signal for controlling the motor, as in the FIG. 1 embodiment. i

We claim:- I

1. A polychromatic dyeing machine comprising a longitudinally displaceable carriage, a plurality of nozzles for dispensing dye mounted on said carriage, and an electrically controlled means for displacing the carriage in dependence upon the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.

2. A machine according to claim 1 further comprising means for generating an electrical signal dependent upon the amplitude of the predetermined master waveform, said electrical signal being utilised for controlling the displacement of the carriage.

3. A machine according to claim 2 further comprising a photoelectric cell means which is arranged to be actuated by the master waveform to'provide said electrical signal for controlling the carriage displacement.

4. A machine according to claim 3 further comprising a movable first carrier means, and an elongate portion of reflective material provided on a non-reflective background onsaid carrier, the amplitude of which reflective portion defines said master waveform, the arrangement being such that said electrical signal for controlling the carriage displacement which is obtained at the output of said photoelectric cell means is dependent upon the instantaneous amplitude of said reflective portion at a predetermined stationary reference position past which said reflective portion is movable on said first carrier means.

5. A machine according to claim 4 in which means are provided for projecting a narrow, elongate, light band onto said first carrier means at said reference position such that said light band extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the instantaneous direction of movement of a point on said first carrier means moving through said reference position.

6. A machine according to claim 5 further comprising means for producing a second signal whose magnitude is dependent upon the position of the carriage, and a comparator means for comparing the first signal from the photocell with said second signal, the comparator providing an error signal corresponding to the difference between said first and secondsignals, and a control means which controls the movement of the carriage such as to reduce the error to zero.

7. A machine according to claim 6 further comprising a rack and pinion adapted to displace said nozzle bearing carriage in response to the magnitude of the error signal from said comparator means.

8. A machine according to claim 7 further comprising a low-inertia d.c. motor for driving said pinion in a direction to move said carriage such as to reduce said error to zero.

9. A machine according to claim 6 further comprising second photoelectric cell means for deriving said second signal dependent on the carriage position, sec ond carrier means connected to said carriage and carrying a wedge-shaped portion of reflective material on a non-reflective background, and means for projecting a narrow, elongate, light band onto said second carrier means at a second reference position such that the latter light band lies across said wedge-shaped portion of reflective material and extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of said second carrier means resulting from longitudinal movement of said carriage.

10. A machine according to claim 1 in which there are a plurality of said longitudinally displaceable, nozzle bearing carriages each of which is adapted to be controlled by a respective master waveform.

11. A machine according to claim 10 further comprising a plurality of movable carrier means each of which carries a respective one of said master waveforms and a common mechanical transmission system for said plurality of carrier means whose transmission ratios are selectably adjustable to vary the relative operating speeds of said carrier means.

12. A machine according to claim 1 further comprising a movable carrier means, means defining elongate, side by side, reflective and non reflective surfaces carried by said carrier means, the boundary between said reflective and non-reflective surfaces defining said master waveform, a scanning device which is mechanically connected to the carriage, means in the scanning device for projecting a narrow, elongate, light band onto said carrier means at a stationary, reference position such that the light band traverses the boundary between said reflective and non-reflective surfaces and extends in a direction perpendicular to the instantaneous direction of movement of a point on said'carrier means moving through said reference position, photoelectric means in said scanning device adapted to provide an output signal dependent upon the proportion of said light band which falls upon reflective material at said reference position, and control means for displacing said carriage such as to equalise the proportions of said light band falling on reflective and non-reflective material respectively.

13. A machine according to claim 1 further comprising means for generating said master waveform purely electronically.

14. A method of dyeing web materials comprising supplying dye to a plurality of nozzles mounted on a carriage, progressively passing a web of material to be dyed through the jet paths of said nozzles and longitudinally displacing said carriage by an electrically controlled means in dependence upon the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.

Claims

2. A machine according to claim 1 further comprising means for generating an electrical signal dependent upon the amplitude of the predetermined master waveform, said electrical signal being utilised for controlling the displacement of the carriage.
3. A machine according to claim 2 further comprising a photoelectric cell means which is arranged to be actuated by the master waveform to provide said electrical signal for controlling the carriage displacement.
4. A machine according to claim 3 further comprising a movable first carrier means, and an elongate portion of reflective material provided on a non-reflective background on said carrier, the amplitude of which reflective portion defines said master waveform, the arrangement being such that said electrical signal for controlling the carriage displacement which is obtained at the output of said photoelectric cell means is dependent upon the instantaneous amplitude of said reflective portion at a predetermined stationary reference position past which said reflective portion is movable on said first carrier means.
5. A machine according to claim 4 in which means are provided for projecting a narrow, elongate, light band onto said first carrier means at said reference position such that said light band extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the instantaneous direction of movement of a point on said first carrier means moving through said reference position.
6. A machine according to claim 5 further comprising means for producing a second signal whose magnitude is dependent upon the position of the carriage, and a comparator means for comparing the first signal from the photocell with said second signal, the comparator providing an error signal corresponding to the difference between said first and second signals, and a control means which controls the movement of the carriage such as to reduce the error to zero.
7. A machine according to claim 6 further comprising a rack and pinion adapted to displace said nozzle bearing carriage in response to the magnitude of the error signal from said comparator means.
8. A machine according to claim 7 further comprising a low-inertia d.c. motor for driving said pinion in a direction to move said carriage such as to reduce said error to zero.
9. A machine according to claim 6 further comprising second photoelectric cell means For deriving said second signal dependent on the carriage position, second carrier means connected to said carriage and carrying a wedge-shaped portion of reflective material on a non-reflective background, and means for projecting a narrow, elongate, light band onto said second carrier means at a second reference position such that the latter light band lies across said wedge-shaped portion of reflective material and extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of said second carrier means resulting from longitudinal movement of said carriage.
10. A machine according to claim 1 in which there are a plurality of said longitudinally displaceable, nozzle bearing carriages each of which is adapted to be controlled by a respective master waveform.
11. A machine according to claim 10 further comprising a plurality of movable carrier means each of which carries a respective one of said master waveforms and a common mechanical transmission system for said plurality of carrier means whose transmission ratios are selectably adjustable to vary the relative operating speeds of said carrier means.
12. A machine according to claim 1 further comprising a movable carrier means, means defining elongate, side by side, reflective and non reflective surfaces carried by said carrier means, the boundary between said reflective and non-reflective surfaces defining said master waveform, a scanning device which is mechanically connected to the carriage, means in the scanning device for projecting a narrow, elongate, light band onto said carrier means at a stationary, reference position such that the light band traverses the boundary between said reflective and non-reflective surfaces and extends in a direction perpendicular to the instantaneous direction of movement of a point on said carrier means moving through said reference position, photoelectric means in said scanning device adapted to provide an output signal dependent upon the proportion of said light band which falls upon reflective material at said reference position, and control means for displacing said carriage such as to equalise the proportions of said light band falling on reflective and non-reflective material respectively.
13. A machine according to claim 1 further comprising means for generating said master waveform purely electronically.
14. A method of dyeing web materials comprising supplying dye to a plurality of nozzles mounted on a carriage, progressively passing a web of material to be dyed through the jet paths of said nozzles and longitudinally displacing said carriage by an electrically controlled means in dependence upon the amplitude of a predetermined master waveform.