US3798840A - Grinding machine with a cam-controlled dressing apparatus - Google Patents

Grinding machine with a cam-controlled dressing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3798840A
US3798840A US00244132A US24413272A US3798840A US 3798840 A US3798840 A US 3798840A US 00244132 A US00244132 A US 00244132A US 24413272 A US24413272 A US 24413272A US 3798840 A US3798840 A US 3798840A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wheelhead
grinding machine
dressing
dressing apparatus
cam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00244132A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Robillard
H Uhtenwoltd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cincinnati Milacron Heald Corp
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Cincinnati Milacron Heald Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Cincinnati Milacron Heald Corp filed Critical Cincinnati Milacron Heald Corp
Priority to US00244132A priority Critical patent/US3798840A/en
Priority to GB1364873A priority patent/GB1414718A/en
Priority to JP48041476A priority patent/JPS5216839B2/ja
Priority to DE2319263A priority patent/DE2319263A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3798840A publication Critical patent/US3798840A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/08—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels controlled by information means, e.g. patterns, templets, punched tapes or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/18—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the presence of dressing tools

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Int. Cl 1324b 53/08 A grinding machine having a dressing apparatus which Fleld of Search 51/165.8, 165.84, 165.87, makes use of a master Cam for producing a desired 51/165.78, 165.79, 165.89, 2 F, 165.93, 5, Shape on an abrasive wheeL 129,131;125/11TP,11PH,11CC
  • COMPENSAT- ION "COARSE COMPENSAT- ION IF USED) I ION (IF USED) AUX. COMPENSAT- ION (IF USED) RE TRACTION AUX. COMPENSA T- INSTALL JUMPER FOR IOO STEP/SEC MODE "IJ Q 0 mm n W& 7 wWM eE m 0 w 4mm 8 42 I M fiqmmmmm v nnnn nnn xssssfiss RET COMM.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a grinding machine having means for dressing an abrasive wheel very accurately for plunge-grinding ofa noncylindrical surface.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of a grinding machine capable of performing in a single grinding cycle the formation of accuratelyformed, non-cylindrical surfaces as well as cylindrical surfaces and flat radial surfaces.
  • a still further object of the invention is the provision of a grinding machine in which grinding is accomplished not only with a surface of revolution which is concentric with the wheel axis, but also with a radial surface; provision is made for dressing both surfaces with accompanying separate compensation.
  • It is a still further object of the present invention tp provide a grinding machine capable of performing facing operations and accurately-formed surfaces of revolution in the same grinding cycle.
  • the invention consists of a grinding machine for generating a surface of revolution on a workpiece by the abrasive method and having a base, having a workhead mounted on the base and adapted to support and rotate the workpiece about the axis of the said surface of revolution, and having a wheelhead mounted on the base and having a rotatable spindle carrying an abrasive wheel.
  • Means is provided for producing relative movement between the wheelhead and the workhead in directions parallel to the said axis and transversely of the axis to produce a grinding cycle.
  • the dressing apparatus is associated with the base and means is provided for producing relative movement between the dressing apparatus and the wheelhead both transversely of the axis and longitudinally of the axis to generate a duplicate of the said surface of revolution on the surface of the wheel.
  • a master cam is associated with the apparatus, which master cam duplicates a generatrix of the said surface of revolution.
  • Means is provided for connecting the master cam to the dressing apparatus and the wheelhead so that the displacement from point to point of the dressing apparatus over the abrasive wheel is substantially less than the corresponding displacement on the master cam.
  • a pulse generator is moved over the master cam and produces pulses proportional in number to the displacement of the surface of the cam from a reference plane; the transverse movement between the dressing apparatus and the wheelhead is brought about by the use of a stepping motor receiving the pulses from the pulse generator.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view somewhat schematic in nature of a grinding machine embodying the principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a workpiece and abrasive wheel illustrating the use of the machine
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the machine taken on the line III-III of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a dressing apparatus forming part of the machine
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the dressing apparatus
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic electrical diagrams of the controls associated with the machine
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship of various parts of the control apparatus.
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed electrical diagram of a pulse generator logic board forming part of the control appara- DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring first to FIG. 1, wherein are best shown the general features of the invention, the grinding machine, indicated generally by the reference numeral 10, is
  • the machine is provided with a base 1 1 having an upper horizontal surface on which are mounted a workhead table 12 and a wheelhead table 13.
  • the workhead table 12 is mounted on ways 14 and 15, so that it slides longitudinally of the base.
  • the wheelhead table 13 is mounted on ways 16 and 17, so that it slides transversely of the base.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 18 serves to move the table 12 along its ways 14 and 15, while a hydraulic cylinder 19 serves to move the table 13 along its ways 16 and 17.
  • Mounted on the workhead table 12 is a workhead 21 having mounted in it a rotatable spindle 22 driven by an electric motor 23.
  • the end of the spindle 22 not connected to the motor 23 extends from the workhead and is provided with a platen 24 which contacts a radial end surface of a workpiece 25 which is also supported by shoes 26.
  • a dressing apparatus 27 Mounted on the side of the table 12 adjacent the table 13 is a dressing apparatus 27.
  • a master cam 28 Mounted at the front of the table 12 is a master cam 28 having an operative surface 29 having the general configuration of a generatrix ofa surface of revolution which is to be generated.
  • the wheelhead table 13 has mounted on its upper surface a wheelhead 31 having a self-contained motor for rotating a spindle 32 which carries an abrasive wheel 33 at its outer end.
  • the underside of the table 13 is provided with a nut 34 which is engaged by a balltype feed screw 35 driven by a stepping motor 36 through a gear reduction unit 37.
  • a rotary pulse generator 38 having a vertical input shaft 39 extending upwardly and having keyed to it an actuating arm 41.
  • the arm 41 is biased in a counter-clockwise direction by a coil spring 42. Its outer end is connected to a transversely-sliding cam follower 43.
  • the pulse generator 38 is of the dual-channel rotary pulse type generator Model 989 04.asst dauntin tured by Trump- Ros lndustrial Controls, Inc. of North Billerica, Massachusetts.
  • the generator converts shaft rotation into two channels of square wave outputs. The transitions give information on the exact position of the shaft, while the phase relation of the channels indicates direction.
  • the square wave signals in the channels are produced internally of the generator by the use of a lamp and photocell arrangement.
  • the output of the generator is connected by a cable 44 to a control box 45 which, in turn, is connected by a cable 46 to the stepping motor 36.
  • the machine is provided with the usual hydraulic controls for regulating the operation of the hydraulic cylinders 18 and 19 and with the usual switches and the like which are connected to the control box 45 for the operation of the grinding machine to produce grinding cycles.
  • the cylinders 18 and 19 serve to move the workhead table 12 and the wheelhead table 13 longitudinally and transversely relative to one another to bring about a selected grinding cycle.
  • the movement of the table 12 relative to the base 11 in a longitudinal direction is supplemented by the use of a stepping motor 47 mounted on an extension 48 of the base.
  • An extension 49 of the table 12 overlies the extension 48 and between the two rests a table 51, which will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • the workpiece 25 is shown as being the cup of a roller bearing. As such, it has a surface of revolution 52 which is to be finished as well as a radial surface 53 on the bottom of the cup.
  • the workpiece 25 has an outer radial surface 54 which is engaged by the platen 24 of the workhead and an outer cylindrical surface 55 which is engaged by the shoes 26 for the support of the workpiece during grinding. It is desirable in the production of a roller bearing to make the surface 52 slightly curved toward the middle, as shown in exaggerated form in the drawing.
  • the abrasive wheel 33 is provided with a radial end surface 56 for engaging and finishing the radial surface 53 of the workpiece and with a surface of revolution 57 which has the shape of the surface 52 of the workpiece to be finished. Grinding is done by plunge operations, a longitudinal plunge of the spindle 33 taking place to bring the surface 56 of the wheel into engagement with the surface 53 of the workpiece and to finish it. The wheel is then withdrawn from the cup until it is coextensive with the surface 52 and it is plunged radially to accomplish the formation and finishing of the surface 52.
  • FIG. 3 it can be seen that the cylinder 18 is connected between the table 12 and the table 51, while the motor 47 is connected by a gear reduction unit to a screw 58 which operates on a nut 59 mounted on the table 51.
  • the motor 47 and its associated equipment connect the base 11 to the table 51, which is mounted on the extension 48 of the base for sliding motion longitudinally thereof.
  • Suitable switches and dogs are mounted on the extension 44 of the table 12 and on the upper part of the table 15 to give signals to the control box when various positions of the table 12 are reached.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the details of the dressing apparatus 27.
  • the base 61 is fastened to the table 12 and to this is hinged an arm 62 carrying a diamond 63 at its forward end.
  • the arm 62 is pivoted about a horizontal axis by means of a hydraulic cylinder 64 and a switch 65 is engaged by stops on the arm 62 to indicate when operative and inoperative positions are reached at the end of the swing.
  • Also attached to the arm 62 is another arm 66 carrying a facing diamond 67. Cylinders 68 and 69 are built into the arm 62 to cause the arm 66 to rotate relative to it and suitable switches are provided indicating the up" and down positions of the arm 66 relative to the arm 62.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b it can be seen that they constitute a schematic showing of the interior of the control box 45.
  • the controls are similar to those shown in the US. Pat. of Robillard No. 3,403,480 which issued on Oct. 1, 1968, and the patent application of Edward G. Robillard et al, Ser. No. 879,785 filed Nov. 25, 1969, now US. Pat. No. 3,634,979.
  • the rotary pulse generator 38 is connected to an integrated circuit compensator unit 71 by fine lines enclosed in the cable 44.
  • the stepping motor 36 is connected with a cable 46 to the unit 71, as is a 24-volt DC power supply 72.
  • the cable 73 connects to the unit 71 a series of digital switches, including a switch 73 for standard compensation, a switch 74 which can be set for coarse compensation, a switch 75 for retraction, a switch 75 for auxiliary retraction, and a switch 77 for auxiliary compensation.
  • a cable 78 includes lines connecting the power supply 72 to the unit as well as numerous machine control switches.
  • FIG. 7 a physical picture of the unit 71 with the cables 44, 73, 46 and 78 extending from it.
  • various solid state electronic cards carrying some of the largest portions of the control apparatus. The details of these cards are shown in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,979 of Robillard.
  • card 79 is a 12- volt DC regulator shown in FIG. 13 of the US. Pat. No. 3,634,979
  • a card 81 is similar to the input interface shown in FIG. 32 of the application
  • card 82 is a count logic card as shown in FIG. 28 of the application
  • a card 83 is a pulser shown in FIG. 27 of the application.
  • Cards 84 and 85 represent a B.C.D. down counter shown in FIG. 26 of the application and a card 86 represents the motor driver and the pulse-to-step converter shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 of the patent application.
  • the pulse generator logic card 87 is shown in FIG. 8 of the present application.
  • the pulse generator logic board 87 has a plurality of gate transistors 88 through 117 which operate as hand gates to transfer the pulses from the rotary pulse generator 38 to the stepping motor 36.
  • the input side of the transistor 88 is connected by a line 118, forming part of the cable as connected to channel 8 of the pulse generator.
  • the transistor 90 is connected by a line 119 to channel A of the generator.
  • the line 120 leads from the transistor 112 to the front binding post on the stepping motor 36, while a line 121 leads from the output of the transistor 113 to the rear binding post of the motor 36.
  • the purpose of the logic board 87 is to determine the rate in which pulses are passed from the pulse generator 38 to the stepping motor 36 and the direction that the motor is to take.
  • the circuitry includes the ONE-SHOT gates 122 and 123, as well as an output line 124 which carries a steady stream of pulses.
  • a longitudinal motion of the table 12 is brought about by energization of the stepping motor 47', thus causing it to move to the right until the surface 57 of the abrasive wheel 33 is co-extensive with the surface 52 of the workpiece which is to be ground.
  • a plunge grind takes place by the energization of the cross-feed cylinder 19.
  • This plunge operation is finished, the wheel is backed off by energization of the cylinder 19, and the forward motion of the table 13 takes place until the wheel is again centered with the workpiece.
  • the workhead tablecylinder 18- is energized again, thus carrying the workpiece away from thewheel and'the diamond past the wheel to retracted position in FIG. 1. At that time, the loading of a new workpiece takes place.
  • table 13 In the process of passing the diamond 63 longitudinally past the wheel 33, however, table 13 is moved rearwardly in a particular pattern so that the diamond 63 (which has been moved into its down" position) generates a desired geometric shape on the surface 57 of the wheel 33.
  • the manner in which this is done is that the cam 28, as the table 12 moves to the left, engages the cam follow 43 and brings about the rotation of the shaft 39 of the pulse generator through the medium of the crank arm 41.
  • the cam follower 43 follows the shape of the surface 29 of the cam and the shaft 39 is similarly rotated. This generates pulses in the cable 44 which is connected to the box 45. This, in turn, converts those pulses and passes them through the cable 46 to the stepping motor 36.
  • the stepping motor 36 rotates through the gear reduction unit 37, causing a rotation of the ball screw 35 and bringing about transverse motion of the wheelhead table 13 in accordance with pulses generated by the generator 38.
  • the pulses are in forward or rear mode in accordance with the direction the cam follow 43 is moving as it slides over the surface 29 of the cam 28.
  • a similar dress compensation takes place in the control box for energizing the stepping motor 47 which compensates for the fact that a portion of the material of the wheel is removed from the end surface 56 and suitable adjustment must be made in the endwise plunge of the wheel in finishing the radial surface 53 of the workpiece.
  • a grinding machine for generating a noncylindrical surface of revolution on a workpiece by the abrasive method comprising a. a base,
  • a workhead mounted on the base and adapted to support and rotate the workpiece about the axis of the said surface of revolution
  • a wheelhead mounted on the base and having a rotatable spindle carrying an abrasive wheel
  • a dressing apparatus associated with the base and adapted to be held in a fixed position during dressmg
  • the means including a master cam, which master cam duplicates a generatrix of the said surface of revolution, and
  • g. means provided for connecting the master cam to the dressing apparatus and the wheelhead so that the displacement from point to point of the dressing apparatus over the abrasive wheel is substantially less than the corresponding displacement on the master cam, the master cam being moved over 7 a pulse generator and producing pulses proportional in number to the displacement of the surface of the cam from a reference plane, the transverse movement between the dressing apparatus and the wheelhead being brought about by the use of a stepping motor receiving the pulses from the pulse generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Copy Controls (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
US00244132A 1972-04-14 1972-04-14 Grinding machine with a cam-controlled dressing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3798840A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00244132A US3798840A (en) 1972-04-14 1972-04-14 Grinding machine with a cam-controlled dressing apparatus
GB1364873A GB1414718A (en) 1972-04-14 1973-03-21 Grinding machine
JP48041476A JPS5216839B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-04-14 1973-04-13
DE2319263A DE2319263A1 (de) 1972-04-14 1973-04-16 Schleifmaschine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00244132A US3798840A (en) 1972-04-14 1972-04-14 Grinding machine with a cam-controlled dressing apparatus

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US3798840A true US3798840A (en) 1974-03-26

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US00244132A Expired - Lifetime US3798840A (en) 1972-04-14 1972-04-14 Grinding machine with a cam-controlled dressing apparatus

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US (1) US3798840A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5216839B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2319263A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1414718A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061952A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-12-06 Cranfield Institute Of Technology Computer-controlled machine tool
US4188522A (en) * 1975-11-06 1980-02-12 Amchem Company Limited Method of machining a workpiece to a predetermined depth using a machining process in which machine tool wear occurs
US4450651A (en) * 1981-05-11 1984-05-29 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Stationary grinding wheel dressing unit

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55156253A (en) * 1979-05-25 1980-12-05 Hitachi Ltd Car engine starter
GB8404526D0 (en) * 1984-02-21 1984-03-28 Scottish Grain Distillers Ltd Decharring whisky casks
SE8404350L (sv) * 1984-08-31 1986-03-01 Lidkoepings Mekaniska Verkstad Anordning for profilskerpning av en slipskiva
CN107900788B (zh) * 2017-11-24 2020-04-24 上海华力微电子有限公司 一种改善层间介质研磨工艺厚度稳定性的方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862493A (en) * 1957-05-24 1958-12-02 Sculli Machine Company Inc Device for contouring grinding wheels
FR1196778A (fr) * 1957-06-12 1959-11-26 Ulvsunda Verkst Er Aktiebolag Dispositif destiné à former des objets par usinage, tels que des disques de meulage
US3403480A (en) * 1965-08-26 1968-10-01 Heald Machine Co Machine tool using the abrasion process
US3605344A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-09-20 Heald Machine Co Grinding machine
US3612031A (en) * 1967-06-30 1971-10-12 Cimat Spa Grinding wheel dresser

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862493A (en) * 1957-05-24 1958-12-02 Sculli Machine Company Inc Device for contouring grinding wheels
FR1196778A (fr) * 1957-06-12 1959-11-26 Ulvsunda Verkst Er Aktiebolag Dispositif destiné à former des objets par usinage, tels que des disques de meulage
US3403480A (en) * 1965-08-26 1968-10-01 Heald Machine Co Machine tool using the abrasion process
US3612031A (en) * 1967-06-30 1971-10-12 Cimat Spa Grinding wheel dresser
US3605344A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-09-20 Heald Machine Co Grinding machine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061952A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-12-06 Cranfield Institute Of Technology Computer-controlled machine tool
US4188522A (en) * 1975-11-06 1980-02-12 Amchem Company Limited Method of machining a workpiece to a predetermined depth using a machining process in which machine tool wear occurs
US4450651A (en) * 1981-05-11 1984-05-29 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Stationary grinding wheel dressing unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4920790A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-23
DE2319263A1 (de) 1973-10-31
GB1414718A (en) 1975-11-19
JPS5216839B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-05-11

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