US3795613A

US3795613A - Lubricating composition

Info

Publication number: US3795613A
Application number: US00278850A
Authority: US
Inventors: B Hotten
Original assignee: Chevron Research and Technology Co
Current assignee: Chevron USA Inc
Priority date: 1972-08-07
Filing date: 1972-08-07
Publication date: 1974-03-05
Anticipated expiration: 1991-03-05

Abstract

A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION HAVING IMPROVED LOW-WEAR PROPERTIES IS DISCLOSED AND COMPRISES A MIXTURE OF AN OIL OF LUBRICATING VISCOSITY AND A BISPHOSPHORAMIDE HAVING THE STRUCTURE:

((R1-)N-Y-)2-P(=O)-X(-(R2)M)-R-X(-(R2)M)-P(=O)(-Y(-R1)N)2

WHEREIN: X IS THE SAME OR DIFFERENT NITROGEN OR OXYGEN; Y IS THE SAME OR DIFFERENT OXYGEN, SULFUR OR NITROGEN AND NITROGEN WHEN BOTH X''S ARE OXYGEN; R IS A HYDROCARBYLENE OR DIHYDROCARBYLENE HAVING FROM 2 TO 13 CARBON ATOMS; R1 IS A HYDROCARBYL HAVING FROM 1 TO 24 CARBONS; R2 IS THE SAME OR DIFFERENT R1 OR A HYDROCARBYLENE HAVING FROM 2 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS WITH ONE END OF EACH R2 BONDING TO THE OTHER R2 OR TO SAID R DIHYDROCARBYLENE; N IS 1 WHEN Y IS OXYGEN OR SULFUR AND 2 WHEN Y IS NITROGEN; AND M IS N-1.

Description

United States Patent 3,795,613 LUBRICATING COMPOSITION Bruce W. Hotten, Orinda, Calif, assignor to Chevron Research Company, San Francisco, Calif. N0 Drawing. Filed Aug. 7, 1972, Ser. No. 278,850 Int. Cl. 010m 1/44, 1/46, 1/48 US. Cl. 252-499 14 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A lubricating composition having improved low-wear properties is disclosed and comprises a mixture of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a bisphosphoramide having the structure:

X is the same or different nitrogen or oxygen;

Y is the same or different oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen and nitrogen when both Xs are oxygen;

R is a hydrocarbylene or dihydrocarbylene having from 2 to 13 carbon atoms;

R, is a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to 24 carbons;

R is the same or different R or a hydrocarbylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms with one end of each R bonding to the other R or to said R dihydrocarbylene;

n is 1 when Y is oxygen or sulfur and 2 when Y is nitrogen; and

m is n-1.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a lubricating composition and method of preparing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to a lubricating oil containing a novel anti-wear additive.

The employment of anti-Wear agents in motor oils, fuels, transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids, etc., is well established. Numerous types of additives have been developed and several have proved quite successful in reducing wear and increasing equipment life. Typical antiwear agents which have experienced commercial success include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates, zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate, tricresyl phosphate, dilauryl phosphate, didodecyl phosphite, sulfurized terpenes, sulfurized sperm oil, various chlorinated compounds, etc. Of the above compounds zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate and tricresyl phosphate have essentially dominated the field.

While the conventional anti-wear agents have performed satisfactorily in the older equipment, the introduction of more powerful and higher speed machines has encouraged the development of anti-wear agents having superior anti-wear properties not heretofore obtainable. In addition, several ancillary problems appurtenant with many of the conventional anti-wear agents have encouraged the search for an improved additive. For example, the employment of zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate or other metal containing anti-wear agents is burdened with a relatively high ash content. Another problem is the diminution of raw materials employed to produce some of the additives, eg the reduction of the availability of sperm oil, etc.

In addition to the anti-wear properties, in many instances it is advantageous to modify the friction properties of the lubricant. The conventional anti-wear agents do not exhibit these friction modifying properties and, accordingly other additives must be employed to obtain this effect thereby increasing the cost and ash content of the final composition. Thus a need exists for an additive having improved anti-wear properties, that does not have 3,795,613 Patented Mar. 5, 1974 a high ash content, that is relatively inexpensive to make and that exhibits friction modifying properties.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a lubricant having improved anti-wear properties.

It is another object of this invention to provide a lubricant containing an improved ashless anti-wear agent.

Another object of this invention is to provide a lubricant containing an anti-wear agent having friction modifying properties.

Another object of this invention is to provide a lubricant containing an improved anti-wear agent having superior anti-wear properties, which exhibits friction modifying properties, and which has a low ash content.

Another object of this invention is to provide a method for inhibiting wear.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The aforementioned objects and their attendant advantages can be realized with a composition comprising a major part of a lubricating oil containing a bisphosphoramide having the structure:

X is the same or different element selected from nitro gen or oxygen;

Y is the same or different element selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen when X is nitrogen or nitrogen when both Xs are oxygen;

In is an integer equal to 1 when Y is oxygen or sulfur and 2 when Y is nitrogen;

m is an integer equal to 21-1, i.e., 0 when X is oxygen and 1 when X is nitrogen;

R is a hydrocarbylene or dihydrocarbylene having from 2 to 18 carbons and preferably from 2 to 8 carbons or the halo, keto, t-amino, amide, mono-nitro, or alkoxy derivative thereof;

R is the same or different constituent selected from hydrogen when Y is nitrogen or a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to 24 carbons and preferably from 6 to 20 carbons or the halo, keto, t-amino, amido, mono-nitro or alkoxy derivative thereof; and

R is the same or different R or a hydrocarbylene having from 2 to 18 carbons and preferably from 2 t0 8 carbons or the halo, keto, t-amino, amido, mononitro or alkoxy derivative thereof with one end of each R bonding to the other R or to said R when R is a dihydrocarbylene.

As referred to herein, hydrocarbyl is a monovalent organic radical composed essentially of hydrogen and carbon and may be aliphatic, aromatic, or alicyclic or combinations thereof; e.g., aralkyl, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, etc., and may be saturated or ethylenically unsaturated (one or more double bonded carbons, conjugated or nonconjugated). The preferred hydrocarbyl is an alkyl. The hydrocarbylene, as defined herein, is a divalent hydrocarbon radical which may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or combinations thereof; e.g., alkylene, arylene, alkylarylene, aralkylene, alkylcycloalkylene, cycloalkyl'arylene, etc., having its two free valences on different carbon atoms. The preferred hydrocarbylene is an alkylene. The dihydrocarbylene, as defined herein, is a quadruple valent hydrocarbon radical which may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or combinations thereof; e.g., dialkylene, diarylene, dialkylarylene, diaralkylene, dicycloalkylene, etc., having less than three of its free valences on a single carbon atom and preferably having its four free valences on different carbon atoms.

The various derivatives of the R, R and R groups as referred to herein mean the substitution of the functional group (halo, keto, etc.) on or within the R, R and R chain with less than 50 percent and preferably less than 10 percent of the available sites substituted.

We have found that by incorporating the bisphosphoramide having the structure shown above within a lubricating oil, the anti-wear characteristics of the resulting composition are dramatically increased and in some instances increased to values not heretofore obtainable. While the exact mechanism involved in sharply ameliorating wear is unknown, it is believed that the bisphosphoramide coats the exposed metallic parts with a thin, perhaps monomolecular, layer of the protective compound which strongly adheres to the metal surface. The hydrocarbon component extends from the center phosphorus atoms and, it is believed, retards the loss of lubricant from the boundary layer and, also, provides some protection against direct abrasion. This mechanism is only a hypothesis and should not be held as binding on the claimed invention, since in any event it is shown with working examples that the bisphosphoramides substantially reduce wear.

Exemplary bisphosphoramides which may be employed in the practice of this invention include piperazine bis(tetracocophosphoramide); piperazine bis(tetralaurylphosphoramide); piperazine bis(tetramyristylphosphorarnide); piperazine bis( dicocophosphoramide) piperazine bis(dilaurylphosphoramide); piperazine bis(tetracocophosphorthioamide); piperazine bis(tetralaurylphosphorothioamide); piperazine bis(diethyldicyclohexylphosphorothioamide); trimethylene dipiperazine bis(tetracocophosphoramide); diethylene glycol bis(tetracocophosphoramide); N,N'-diethyl-1,3-propane diamine bis(tetracocophosphoramide); piperazine bis(dilaurylphosphorthioamide); etc.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The bisphosphoramides of this invention are prepared by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a difunctional secondary amine or alcohol and a monofunctional amine, alcohol or mercaptan. The reaction can be conducted non-catalytically by merely contacting the three reactants within a suitable reaction vessel at a temperature from to 200 C. and preferably from 20 to 150 C. The reaction pressure is not critical except that it is preferred to apply suflicient pressure on the system to maintain liquid phase conditions. Generally, the pressure will range from to 500 p.s.i.a. and preferably from 14 to 35 p.s.1.a.

The difunctional amine or alcohol forms the bridging group between the two phosphorus atoms as shown in the structural formula supra. The monofunctional amine, alcohol or mercaptan, on the other hand, reacts with remaining halogens on the phosphorus oxychloride molecules to form the four terminal groups extending from the phosphorus atoms.

The difunctional compounds which may be employed in the practice of this invention have the following gencral structure:

The definition of X, R, R and m is defined supra under the description of the bisphosphoramide general formula. The dotted lines above illustrate the possible heterocyclic bonding of the R and R groups when X is nitrogen. For example, when R is a dihydrocarbylene or substituted dihydrocarbylene, the two R groups bond to the center R group along path (1). Exemplary compounds of this structure include methylene dipiperazine, dimethylene dipiperazine, trimethylene dipiperazine, tetramethylene dipiperazine, diethyleneoxydipiperazine, bis(diethyleneoxy) dipiperazine, etc. When R is a hydrocarbylene, one R group may bond to the other R group along path (2) forming a heterocyclic ring encompassing the two X atoms. Exemplary compounds of this structure include piperazine, 2,5 dichloro piperazine, 2,5 dimethyl piperazine, 2,5 piperazinedione, etc.

Secondary diamines other than heterocyrlic diamines may also be employed in the practice of this invention. In this embodiment, the R groups are hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and R is a hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene. Exemplary compounds of this type include N,N-diphenylethylene diamine, N,N diethyl-o-tolidine, N,N' diethyl-o-dianisidine, N,N-diethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N'-di(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene diamine, N,N'-diethyl cyclohexylene diamine, etc.

Difunctional compounds having two hydroxy groups (X in the above formula is oxygen) include C to C primary diols such as trimethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propenylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tetra-methylene glycol, n-propane-l,3- diol, 2-butene-l,4-diol, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, neopentyl glycol, hydroquinone, chlorohydroquinone, naphthoquinone, phenyl 1,2 ethanediol, 2-anilino-1,4-naphthohydroquinone, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, etc. The preferred difunctional hydroxy reactants have from 2 to 12 carbons.

Dnfunctional compounds having one hydroxy group and one secondary amine group may also be employed. In this embodiment one of the Xs in the above formula is oxygen and the other X is nitrogen. Exemplary compounds of this type include, N-ethanol methylamine, N- phenylethanol ethylamine, etc.

The preferred difunctional compounds are either dihydroxy or diamino and preferably diamino.

The mono functional compounds which may be employed in the practice of this invention have the following general formula wherein R 21 and Y are defined supra under the description of the bisphosphoramide general formula. Exemplary monofunctional compounds include C to C monohydroxy alcohols, monomercaptans and primary or secondary monoamines. Exemplary monohydroxy alcohols include, methanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, cyclohexanol, Z-methylcyclohexanol, phenol, cresol, naphthol, p-chlorophenol, p-methylphenol, etc. Exemplary mercaptans include methyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, butyl mercaptan, hexyl mercaptan, cyclohexyl mercaptan, naphthyl mercaptan, p-butylpehyl mercaptan, fl-naphthyl mercaptan, etc. Exemplary monoamines include primary alkyl amines such as heptylamine, octylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, etc.; secondary alkyl amines such as, diheptylamine, N ethyl N-hexylamine, N-hexyl-N-octylamine, dioctylamine, and N-butyl-N-hexylamine, etc; primary and secondary cycloalkyl and alkylcycloalkylamines such as 2 ethylcyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-cyclo-hexylamine, N methyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N-propyl-N-cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N ethyl-N-cyclopentylamine, 2-propyl-3-ethylcyclohexylamine, etc.; and primary and secondary aryl and alkylarylamines such as methylaniline, toluidine, N-ethyl-N-phenylamine, p-anisidine, nitroaniline, diphenylamine, N-propyl-N-phenylamine, 2,4, 6 trichloroaniline, N-octyl-N-phenylyamine, p-phenentide, etc.

Particularly preferred monohydroxy alcohols, mono mercaptans and monoamines are prepared from vegetable oils and fats. Typical natural oils and fats which may be employed in preparing the monofunctional compounds include coconut oil, corn oil, rape oil, castor oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, safilower oil, soybean oil, sperm oil, tung oil, etc. These oils are generally comprised of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, palmitoleic, oleic, ricinolein, linoleic, eleostearic, etc. The fatty acids are converted into the corresponding primary or secondary amine, alcohol or mercaptan by conventional processing means.

The preferred monofunctional compounds are the C -C primary and secondary vegetable oil amines such as caprylamine, dicaprylamine, laurylamine, diluarylamine, myristyl amine, dimyristylamine, palmitylamine, dipalmitylamine, etc. and mixtures thereof.

The preferred bisphosphoramides of this invention are prepared by reacting a primary or secondary monoamine having from 2 to 40 carbons with piperazine and phosphorus oxychloride. The compound have the following general structure:

wherein R is hydrogen or preferably a hydrocarbyl having from 2 to 20 carbons; and R is a hydrocarbyl having from 2 to 20 carbons.

The bisphosphoramides may be prepared by either a batch or continuous processing scheme. In a typical batch process, a reaction vessel, preferably constructed or lined with a corrosive resistant material such as glass, Teflon, etc., is charged with a suitable inert reaction solvent and the difunctional and monofunctional compounds. The contents of the reactor are stirred to disperse the reactants within the reaction solvent. The phosphorus oxychloride is then introduced into the reaction 'vessel in contact with the other reactants. The reaction takes place spontaneously upon the contacting of these reactants to produce the bisphosphoramide. Since the reaction is also exothermic, care must be taken in the introduction of the reactants in order to avoid rapid increases in localized temperatures. Preferably, the phosphorus reactant is introduced into the vessel at a rate of 5 to 25 mols per 50 mols of difunctional and monofunctional compounds per hour. This addition rate is not critical to the practice of this invention and only provides a convenient method of introducing the phosphorus reactant into the system without the problems of spontaneous boiling. For example, the phosphorus oxychloride may be charged to the reaction vessel before either the difunctional or monofunctional reactant, or in another alternative embodiment, the reactants may be charged to the vessel in an intermittent manner. The reaction can also be conducted adiabatically with the heat of reaction effecting the necessary temperature increase in the system.

In preferred embodiments, when a mercaptan or alcohol monofunctional reactant is employed, these compounds pounds are contacted with the phosphorus oxychloride prior to the introduction of the difunctional amine or at least before the stoichiometric amounts of difunctional amine is introduced into the reaction medium. In this manner, the less reactive mercaptan or alcohol is allowed to partially react with the phosphorus oxychloride prior to the introduction of the more reactive difunctional amine. When a dihydroxy difunctional reactant and amine monofunctional reactants are employed, it is, likewise, preferred to introduce the less restrictive dihydroxy reactant into contact with the phosphorus oxychloride prior to the addition of the amine reactant.

During the course of the reaction, hydrogen chloride is released as a by-product. This by-product can be stripped from the reaction medium during or after the completion of the reaction. While stripping may be a convenient method for removing the material, the conditions employed during the stripping steps in many instances have an adverse effect on the product bisphosphoramide. Therefore, it is preferred to complex or neutralize the hydrogen chloride within the reaction medium concomitant with its formation. I have found that the complexing or neutralization step can be accomplished by admixing a stable basic compound or acid acceptor within the reaction medium. Exemplary acid acceptors include C to C trialkyl amines such as trimethylarnine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine, etc., basic hetarenes, such as pyridine, quinoline, picoline, pyrazine, etc., as well as basic metal compounds such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, etc., and alkali hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide.

The preferred acid acceptors are the trialkyl amines and hetarenes since water is not produced in the neutralization of the hydrogen chloride by-product. The presence of water in the system is to be avoided since it may react with the phosphorus oxychloride reactant.

The crude bisphosphoramide can then be filtered to remove the liquid reaction medium and unreacted reactants. Although filtering is preferred, it is recognized that alternative purification steps can be performed such as extraction, stripping, etc.

As discussed supra, the reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of an inert stable reaction solvent. Exemplary reaction solvents which may be employed in the practice of this invention include C to C aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, octane, nonane, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, ethylcycylhexene, etc., halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon esters, hydrocarbon ethers, hydrocarbon amides, etc., may be employed.

The concentration of the various reactants within the reaction medium can vary over a wide range depending upon the reactants chosen, the reaction conditions, vessel construction, processing scheme, etc. Generally, however, the reactants will be present in the amounts shown in the following Table l.

I Based on the amount introduced into the reaction medium.

The molar ratio of the reactants introduced into the reaction medium will generally vary from 3 to 5 mols of monofunctional compound and 0.4 to 0.6 mol of difunctional compound per mol of phosphorus compound. Preferably the reactants are present in substantially stoichiometric amounts.

The lubricant composition is prepared by simply mixing the bisphosphoramide within a suitable lubricating oil. The amount of bisphosphoramide which may be present within the lubricating oil to impart the desired anti-wear properties varies depending upon the type of phosphoramide employed, the type of lubricating oil used, the presence of other additives, etc. Generally, however, the amount of bisphosphoramide within the lubricating oil will vary from 0.01 to 10 weight percent and usually from 0.05 to 2 weight percent based on the weight of the final lubricant composition.

The lubricating oil which may be employed in the practice of this invention includes a wide variety of hydrocarbon oils. Other oils include lubricating oils derived from coal products and synthetic oils, e.g., alkylene polymers (such as, polypropylene, butylene, etc. and mixtures thereof) alkylene oxide-type polymers (e.g. alkylene oxide polymers prepared by polymerizing alkylene oxide such as propylene oxide etc. in the presence of water or alcohol, e.g. ethyl alcohol), carboxylic acids esters, e.g. those which were prepared by esterifying carboxylic acids such as adipic acid, azelaicacid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, alkenylsuccinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, etc., with the alcohol such as butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, pentaerythritol, etc., liquid esters of phosphorus, such as trialkyl phosphate (tributyl phosphate), dialkylaryl phosphate, triaryl phosphate (tricresyl phosphate), etc. alkylbenzenes, polyphenols (e.g., bisphenols and terphenols), alkylbiphenylethers, esters and polymers of silicon, e.g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, hexyl(4-methyl-2-pentoxy) disilicate, poly(methyl)siloxane and poly (methylphenyl)siloxane, etc. The lubricating oils may be used individually or in combinations whenever miscible or whenever made so by use of mutual solvents. The lubricating oils generally have a viscosity which ranges from 50 to 5000 SUS (Saybolt Universal seconds) and usually from 100 to 1500 SUS at 100 F.

In addition to the bisphosphoramide anti-wear agent, other additives may be successfully employed within the lubricating composition of this invention without affecting its high stability and performance over a wide temperature scale. One type of additive is an anti-oxidant or oxidation inhibitor. This type of additive is employed to pre vent varnish and sludge formation on metal parts and to inhibit corrosion of alloyed bearings. Typical anti-oxidants are organic compounds containing sulfur, phosphorus or nitrogen, such as organic amines, sulfides, hydroxysulfides, methanols, etc., alone or in combination with metals like zinc, tin or barium. Particularly useful anti-oxidants include phenyl-a-naphthylamine, bis(alkyl phenyl)amine N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene-diamine, 2,2,4- trimethyldihydroquinoline oligomer, bis(4 isopropylaminophenyl) ether, N-acylaminophenol, N-acylphenothiazines, N-hydrocarbylamides or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, alkyl phenol-formaldehydeamine polycondensates, etc.

Another additive which may be employed in a rust inhibitor. The rust inhibitor is employed in all types of lubricants to suppress the formation of rust on the surface of metallic parts. Exemplary rust inhibitors include, sodium nitrite, alkenyl succinic acids and derivatives thereof, alkylthio-acetic acid and derivatives thereof, substituted imidazoles, amine phosphates, etc.

Another additive which may be incorporated into the lubricant composition of this invention is an anti-corrodant. The anti-corrodant is employed to inhibit oxidation so that the formation of acidic bodies is suppressed and to form films over the metal surfaces which decrease the effect of corrosive materials on exposed metallic parts. Typical anti-corrodants are organic compounds containing active sulfur, phosphorus or nitrogen, such as organic sulfides, phosphides, metal salts of thiophosphoric acid, cyclic and acyclic epoxides and sulfurized waxes, barium phenates and sulfonates, etc. A particularly effective corrosion inhibitor is ammonium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate.

Other types of lubricating oil additives which may be employed in the practice of this invention include antifoam agents (e.g., silicones, organic copolymers), stabilizers, anti-stain agents, tackiness agents, anti-chatter agents, dropping point improvers, anti-squawk agents, lubricating color correctors, extreme pressure agents, odor control agents, dispersants, detergents, etc. as well as other anti-wear agents such as tricresyl phosphate and zinc dithiophosphate esters.

The anti-wear agents of this invention can be employed in grease compositions to increase the bearing life and other endurance properties of the grease. These agents may successfully be employed with such thickening agents as polyurea compounds as disclosed in US. Pats. Nos. 3,232,210; 3,281,361; 3,346,497 and 3,401,027; calcium stearates, lithium stearates, aluminum complexes such as disclosed in US. Pats. Nos. 2,599,553; 3,345,291 and 3,514,400 etc. Generally when employed in grease formulation, the bisphosphoramides will be present in an amount of 0.05 to 5 weight percent and preferably from 0.1 to 1 weight percent of the final grease composition.

In many instances it may be advantageous to form concentrates of the bisphosphoramide within a carrier liquid. The employment of concentrates provides a convenient method of handling and transporting the bisphosphoramide compounds for their subsequent dilution and use. The concentration of the bisphosphoramides within the concentrates may vary from 10 to 100 weight per" cent although it is preferred to maintain the concentration between about 20 and weight percent.

LUBRICANT PERFORMANCE The lubricants containing the bisphosphoramide compounds of this invention have very good anti-wear properties and in many instances surpass the anti-wear properties of ubiquitous tricresyl phosphate and zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate. Moreover, the bisphosphoramides do not contain a metal component and, accordingly, have a very low ash content. The low ash content is an important property for high temperature and high speed machine lubricants.

In addition to the above, the bisphosphoramide lubricants exhibit a surprising friction modifying effect. It was discovered that many of the bisphosphoramide compounds substantially changed the friction characteristics of metallic surfaces. For example, it was found that long chain aliphatic groups on the bisphosphoramide substantially reduces the coefficient of friction. This property of the additive improves the lubricity of a lubricant and accordingly reduces the power loss between sliding parts.

When short chain groups such as ethylene and cyclohexane are attached to the bisphosphoramide component, the coefficient of friction is substantially increased. This aspect of the bisphosphoramide compound is advantageous in ball and roller bearings in which slippage of the rolling elements in the races causes metal damage and in traction gears wherein special synthetic oils have been used to increase traction by elastohydrodynamic action. Also, this type of additive can be used in clutch and brake services where a good grip is necessary to transmit power efliciently e.g. transmission oils, etc.

It is thus apparent from the above that the bisphosphoramide lubricants of this invention can be tailored to have the desired friction characteristics as well as good anti-Wear properties.

It should be well recognized that the instant bisphosphoramides may be successully employed in lubricant ap plications wherein metal wear is a problem. Thus, the bisphosphoramides may be employed in lubricating oil such as motor oils, turbine oils, gear oils, railroad diesel engine oils, transmission fluids, hydraulic oils, tractor and truck diesel engine oils, two cycle gasoline engine oil, cutting oils, drilling oils, lapping, grinding and honing oils, lubricating oils for pneumatic devices such as jackham mers, sinkers, stoppers, drifters and down hole drills.

The bisphosphoramides may also be useful in mist lubricants. In a mist lubricating system the lubricant is atomized in a mist generator and carried through conduits by an air stream. The lubricant droplets are coalesced and collected at the lubricating site. Such systems permit simultaneous lubrication of several remote lubrication points from a central lubricant reservoir.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the practice of specific embodiments of this invention and should not be interpreted as limitations upon the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 This example is presented to illustrate the preparation of a representative bisphosphoramide of this invention. A two-liter resin flask equipped with a dropping funnel, gas tube, stirrer and thermometer is charged with 315 g. of toluene, 303 g. of triethylamine, 754 g. of dicocoamine and 43 g. of piperazine. The contents of the flask are stirred and heated to a temperature of 50 C. to uniformly disperse the dicocoamine and piperazine within the toluene solution. The contents are cooled to 29 C.

and 155 g. of phosphorus oxychloride are slowl added to the mixture through the dripping funnel for a period of approximately one hour. A stream of nitrogen gas is passed through the reaction medium at a rate of about 200 milliliters per minute.

After the phosphorus oxychloride has been charged to the reactor, the contents are heated to reflux at a temperature of approximately 102 F. for a period of about 1.5 hours. At the end of the reaction period the reactor contents are cooled and filtered to recover the filtrate. The filtrate is then washed with 700 ml. of water until the filtrate is free of chloride. The filtrate is stripped of toluene and the remaining waxy residue is calculated to have the following structural formula:

I ll (COcOzN)21 -N N-P (N00009:

where Coco is the coconut oil fatty radical.

An analysis of the product reveals the following:

This example is presented to demonstrate the preparation of piperazine bis(N,N'-diethyl-N,N'-dicyclohexylphosphoramide). In the preparation a 2-liter resin flask equipped with a dropping funnel, gas tube, stirrer and a thermometer is charged with 380 g. of toluene, 606 g. of triethylamine, 510 g. of ethylcyclohexylamine and 84 g. of piperazine. The mixture is heated to a temperature of 50 C. and stirred to disperse the amine reactants within the toluene. Phosphorus oxychloride is then slowly introduced into the reaction medium at a rate of 300 g. per hour. During the addition of the phosphorus oxychloride the mixture is maintained in dry state by passing 200 ml. per minute of nitrogen gas through the reaction medium. After 310 g. of phosphorus oxychloride have been introduced into the vessel, further addition is terminated and the reactor contents are heated to a temperature of approximately 120 C. under refluxing conditions. The mixture is refluxed for a period of 2 hrs. The flask is then cooled and the contents filtered. The filtrate is washed with water to remove the chloride and thereafter stripped of toluene. The bisphosphoramide product is calculated to have the following structure:

01-13013: I (11 /CHiCH N -N N-P N EXAMPLE 3 In this example, diethylene glycol bis(tetracocophosphoramide) is prepared. A one-liter resin flask equipped with a stirrer, turned down condenser, thermometer, dropping funnel and a nitrogen gas inlet tube is charged with 64 grams of triethylamine, 10.6 grams of diethylene glycol, 600 milliliters of toluene and 151 grams of di(hydrogenated coco)amine (mol wt.377). The mixture is heated to about 50 C. and stirred to dissolve its reactants within the toluene. Phosphorus oxychloride is then slowly introduced into the vessel, further addition is terminated and the flask is heated to a temperature of 100110 C. under refluxing conditions for a period of about 7 /2 hours. The flask is washed with water to remove the chloride ions and thereafter stripped of toluene. The bisphosphor- 1O amide product is calculated to have the following structure.

2 (CocozN)z-O(CH2)2O(CHz)z-O-P (NCocoz)2 wherein Coco is the coconut oil fatty radical.

An analysis of the bisphosphoramide reveals the following:

Weight percent Calculated Found Nitrogen 3. 3 3. l6 Phosphorus 3. 6 3. 8

EXAMPLE 4 An analysis of the bisphosphoramide reveals the following:

Calculated Found (weight (weight percent) percent) Nitrogen 4. 9 3. 5

Phosphorus 3. 6 3. 7

EXAMPLE 5 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated except that trimethylene dipiperazine is substituted for the piperazine and the following amounts employed.

Grams Moles Trimethylene 4,4'-dipiperazine 42 0. 2 Triethylamine 111 1. 1 Toluene. 500 Dicocoarnine 302 0. 8 Phosphorus oxychloride 62 0. 4

The resulting bisphosphoramide is calculated to have the following structure:

An analysis of the compound reveals the following:

Calculated Found (weight (weight percent) percent) Nitrogen 4. 6 4. 0

Phosphorus 3. 4 4. 8

EXAMPLE 6 This example is presented to demonstrate the superior anti-wear properties of the bisphosphoramides of this invention over the monophosphoramides. In the test seven experimental fluids are prepared. The first fluid is comprised solely of 480 neutral oil, the second is 480 neutral oil containing 2 weight percent of piperazine bis(tetracocophosphoramide) prepared from Example 1, the third fluid is 480 neutral oil containing 2 weight percent of hexacocomonophosphoramide,' the fourth fluid is 480 neutral oil containing 1.4 weight percent of piperazine bis(diethyldicyclohexylphosphoramide)- prepared in Example 2, the fifth fluid is 480 neutral oil containing 2 weight percent of trimethylenedipiperazine bis(tetracocophosphoramide) produced by the method of Example 5.

The sixth fluid is 480 neutral oil containing 2 weight percent of diethyleneglycol bis(tetracocophosphoramide) prepared by the method of Example 3 and the Seventh fluid is 480 neutral oil containing 2 weight percent of diethylpropanediamine bis(tetracocophosphoramide) by the method of Example 4.

The five test fluids are tested in accordance with ASTM 2266-67 under the following test conditions Temperature F..- 130 Speed ....r.p.m 1800 Load k 20 Duration of test hour.. 1

The results of these tests are reported in the following Table 2.

TABLE 2.ASTM FOUR-BALL WEAR TEST Test composition: Scar diameter (mm.)

1 No additives 0.76 (2) Hexacocomonophosphoramide 0.75 (3) Piperazine bis(tetracocophosphoramide) 0.35

1 Coco represents the hydrocarbyl radical from coconut oil fatty amine and usually has an average of 12 carbons.

The above table illustrates a sharp reduction in wear with a representative bisphosphoramide of this invention over either the base oil alone or with a monophosphoramide.

EXAMPLE 7 The superiority of the bisphosphoramides over a leading commercial anti-wear agent (tricresyl phosphate )in minimizing wear is illustrated in this example. Two test fluids are prepared. The first fluid is comprised of 2.4 weight percent of tricresyl phosphate in a pentaerythritol ester based synthetic oil. The second fluid is the same as above except that 0.1 weight percent of piperazine bis (tetracocophosphoramide) has been added to the formulation.

The two fluids are tested in accordance with ASTM 2266-67 under the following conditions.

Temperature F-.. 130 Speed r.p.m-- 1200 Load kg 50 Duration of test hrs. 0.5

The results of these tests are reported in the following Table 3.

TABLE 3.ASTM FOUR-BALL WEAR TEST Test composition: Scar diameter (mm) 2. 4% TCP 0.69 2.4% TCP If 046 0.1% bisphosphoramide 2 The superiority of the bisphosphorarnides over a zinc dithiophosphate ester is illustrated in this example. Two test fluids are tested in this example, one fluid consisting of a conventional automatic transmission fluid containing 0.8 weight percent parts of zinc dioctyldithiophosphate and the second fluid being the same as the above with the addition of 0.5 weight percent of piperazine bis (tetracocophosphoramide) prepared by the method of Example 1.

The two fluids are tested in accordance with ASTM 2266-67 under the following conditions:

Temperature F..- 200 Speed r.p.m. 600 Load k 40 Duration of test "hours..- 2

The results of these tests are reported in the following Table 4.

TABLE 4.--ASTM FOUR BALL WEAR TEST Test fluid: Scar diameter (mm.) 0.8% zinc dioctyldithiophosphate 0.61 0.8% zinc dioctyldithiophosphate} (M4 0.5% bisphosphoramide 1 1 Piper-azine bis(tetracocophosphoramlde) The friction modifying properties of the bisphosphoramides of this invention are illustrated by a series of experiments. The following lubricating compositions listed in Table 5 are prepared for this example.

TABLE 5 Components Weight Composition percent Type 480 neutral oil.

480 neutral oil.

Trieresyl phosphate.

480 neutral oil.

Piperazine bis(tetraeoeophosphoramide).

480 neutral oil.

Piperazine bis(diethyldicyclohexylphosphoramide) TABLE 6.ASTM FRICTION TEST Coeflicient of friction at- C. C. 160 C.

Hobmecca The above table amply illustrates the surprising effect of the bisphosphoramide on the friction properties of the lubricating oil. Thus a comparison of the coeflicient of friction between test fluid A (base oil) and test fluid B (base oil+TCP) illustrates no appreciable change in the frictional properties. However, when compared with test fluid C (long chain bisphosphoramide) a dramatic decrease in friction is observed. When compared with test fluid D (short chain bisphosphoramide) a sharp increase in friction is observed. The ability of the anti-Wear agent in increasing or decreasing friction is a valuable lubricating property depending upon the practical application of the lubricant. A discussion of the advantages of these properties is presented supra.

It is apparent that many widely different embodiments may be made without departing from the scope and spirit thereof; and, therefore, it is not intended to be limited except as indicated in the following appended claims.

7 13 What is claimed is: 1. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a bisphosphoramide having the formula:

(Ra -2R.) wherein:

R is a hydrocarbylene or dihydrocarbylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms;

R; is the same or different constituent selected from hydrogen or a univalent hydrocarbyl having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms;

R is the same or different R or a hydrocarbylene having from 2 to 18 carbons, with one end of each R bonding to the other R or to said R.

2. The composition defined in claim 1 wherein said R is an alkyl having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

3. The composition defined in claim 1 wherein said oil is a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity between about 50 and 5,000 SUS at 100 F.

4. The composition defined in claim 1 wherein said bisphosphoramide is present in an amount from 0.01 to 10 weight percent.

5. The composition defined in claim 1 wherein a thickening agent is also present within said oil in an amount sufiicient to thicken the composition to the consistency of grease.

6. The composition defined in claim 1 wherein a rust inhibitor is incorporated into the oil.

7. A lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and a bisphosphoramide having the formula:

(R3R4N)2;N N-1T(NR3R4)2 wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl having from 2 to 20 carbons; and R is a hydrocarbyl having from 2 to 20 carbons.

8. The composition defined in claim 7 wherein said oil is a hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity between about and 5,000 SUS at F.

9. The composition defined in claim 7 wherein said bisphosphoramide is present in an amount from 0.01 to 10 weight percent.

10. A method of inhibiting wear of a metallic surface exposed to a lubricating oil which comprises incorporating from 0.01 to 10 weight percent of a bisphosphoramide defined in claim 2 into the lubricating oil.

11. A lubricating composition comprising a major portion of an oil of lubricating viscosity and from 0.01 to 10 weight percent of a bisphosphoramide prepared by reacting phosphoms oxychloride with a secondary diamine and a primary or secondary monoamine.

12. The composition defined in claim 11, wherein said secondary diamine is piperazine.

13. The composition defined in claim 12, wherein said monoamine is a C to C primary or secondary vegetable oil amine.

14. The composition defined in claim 13, wherein said monoamine is di(coco)monoamine.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,574,516 11/1951 Walter et al. 260-926 X 2,574,518 11/1951 Walter et al. 260926 2,146,584 2/1939 Lipkin 252-499 3,476,685 11/1969 Oberender et al. 252-499 X 3,705,211 12/ 1972 Addor et al 260-926 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,014,543 8/1957 Germany.

WARREN H. CANNON, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.